烤烟良好农业规范管理体系的建立和运行

良好农业规范（GAP）在农产品生产领域广泛推行.将GAP应用到烟草种植,已成为提高烟叶市场竞争力的必然选择.详细描述了云南省普洱市烤烟GAP管理体系的构建和运行情况,为烤烟GAP的推广积累了经验.     

农户关于转基因作物的认知对种植意愿的影响研究

以湖北地区547户农户的调查数据为依据,在分析农户禀赋特征和其对转基因作物的认知这两者关系的基础上,探寻农户关于转基因作物的认知对其种植意愿的影响,及农户的个人风险偏好对该过程所起的作用。通过层次回归分析法,运用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行处理得出:1)农户的性别、文化程度、兼业程度及家庭收入对农户关于转基因作物的认知有显著影响;2)农户关于转基因作物的认知对农户的种植意愿有显著正向影响;3)农户的个人风险偏好对品质情况认知与销售情况认知影响种植意愿的过程有显著的调节作用。基于以上研究结论,对转基因作物的推广提出拓宽宣传途径、提高农户对转基因作物的认知,及增强农户的抗风险能力等对策建议。     

云南省农民专业合作社发展现状及对策

近年来,云南省农民专业合作社得到了快速发展,也取得了较好的成效。通过对涉农部门领导、农民专业合作组织负责人进行访谈调查,分析了云南省农民专业合作社发展现状,指出了云南省农民专业合作社在运行中存在的不足,并提出了相应的发展对策。     

基于SWAT模型的植草河道对非点源污染控制效果的模拟研究

以三峡库区香溪河流域为研究区,基于SWAT模型,通过收集整理香溪河流域2011年DEM、土壤、土地利用数据和1970—2011年的气象数据,在模型得到满意的率定和验证的基础上,模拟分析了流域内农业非点源污染的空间分布特征,评价了植草河道措施对于农业非点源污染的削减效果。模拟结果表明,SWAT模型能够较好地模拟研究区非点源污染,研究区TN和TP污染负荷集中分布在南阳水系,以及古夫、高岚水系的下游区域。全流域TN和TP污染总负荷分别高达1388t和239t。实施植草河道措施之后,TN和TP污染负荷分别降到1120t和157t,共削减了16.7%的TN负荷和34%的TP负荷。因此,从控制效果来看,植草河道能够很好地控制三峡库区香溪河流域的农业非点源污染,尤其是对TP污染控制效果更加明显。     

Effects of fishing practice changes on pelagic shark longline captures in the Gulf of Gabes,Tunisia

1. In order to increase their catches, longliners targeting sharks in the Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia, have increased the number of hooks per basket and have included new bait types instead of mackerel (Scomber scombrus). This paper reports the effects of these changes on catch composition, catch rates, size distribution, life‐stage captures, and mortality at haulback.
2. Data from 48 and 96 longline sets, carried out during the shark fishing seasons of 2007 and 2008, with two hooks per basket, and 2016 and 2017, with five hooks per basket, respectively, were examined to assess the effect of gear change. Moreover, the effects of bait types were inspected based on 33 fishing sets using whole mackerel, 19 using salema (Sarpa salpa) halves, and 27 using pieces of stingray (Dasyatis spp.), sampled during 2016 and 2017.
3. The species composition indicated that longliners expand the vertical distribution of their hooks to operate from the surface to the bottom. The catches with both longline designs were dominated by sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus). Despite gear changes, the catch rate of C. plumbeus decreased by 42.21%, suggesting population decline. The size composition indicated a shift towards larger specimens, mainly adult females, which could jeopardize the shark population. Moreover, the mortality of the main species at haulback seems to be affected by the design of the longline.
4. The bait used, mainly pieces of stingray, significantly increased the catch rate of sandbar shark, which suggests a greater attractiveness of the new bait; however, fish size and mortality rates at haulback were unchanged in response to bait variation.
5. The fishery operates in shark nursery grounds, which exposes these fish (principally C. plumbeus) to considerable exploitation pressure. The new fishing practices intensified the pressure and thus the risk of a rapid depletion of populations. To preserve the shark species in the area, the use of new gear and attractive bait should be banned.

     

探讨“Linux网络服务”实验教学的企业式分组实践

以黑龙江农业职业技术学院为例,根据高职高专院校的教学实际,在＂Linux网络服务＂这本门课程的实验教学过程中采用模拟企业式的分组教学方法进行实践探讨,通过企业式的分组教学,重点培养学生的理论学习能力和动手操作能力。     

Effects of best management practices on dry matter production and fruit production efficiency of oil palm

Enhancing dry matter production with higher partitioning to fruit bunches is important for sustainable intensification of oil palm. A series of best management practices including site-specific nutrient management, canopy management, and harvesting has been developed for oil palm plantations. However, the effects of these practices on dry matter production and partitioning, and how the effects vary with climatic and soil conditions of plantation sites, remain largely unknown. We established a four-year field trial including 30 paired commercial blocks across Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia. The paired treatments included site-specific best management practices, and standard estate practices as the control. The annual production of aboveground dry matter was 30.0 ± 0.5 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ (mean ± se) under best management practices, higher than 28.8 ± 0.5 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ under standard estate practices. The bunch index, an indicator of the fruit production efficiency, increased by 12% under best management practices compared to standard estate practices. Partitioning of dry matter to the fronds decreased by 8% under best management practices, compared to standard estate practices. The positive effect of best management practices on the annual production of total aboveground dry matter was stronger in the plantation site with higher annual rainfall. These results are useful for optimizing management practices to improve sustainable intensification of oil palm.     

Urban tree growth and their dependency on infiltration rates in structural soil and structural cells

Expanding tree canopies can be difficult to achieve in built environments because urban land is costly and urban soil inhospitable to vegetation so engineered planting systems offer a potentially valuable tool for achieving sustainable urban forests. Tree water uptake, performance and root distribution were assessed in systems of structural soil and structural cell. Structural soil relies on stone and soil, it is highly porous and designed to support tree root growth and possess pavement strength. The structural cell is made up of rigid structural units with 90% void space which is to be filled with soil. To evaluate tree performance under the conditions of fill and drain regimes in structural soil and structural cell, these two systems were subjected to three simulated infiltration rates. This study was conducted in April 2015 to April 2016 in the tropical equatorial environment of South East Asia. Infiltration rate affected both biomass accumulation and rooting depth. Species and substrate effect was significant for biomass and rooting characteristics but less prominent for transpiration. Biomass was greater for trees in structural cells, and Pouteria obovata was particularly sensitive to prolonged inundation. Rooting depth was always higher in the rapid infiltration indicating the negative effects inundation had on this parameter. Root system in the structural cell was deeper while those in the structural soil were wider. Samanea saman had better adapted to the drain and fill regimes, and this was despite Pouteria obovata being a coastal species and was expected to be flood tolerant. Species and substrate effect was weak (R² ranging from 0.20 to 0.28) but moderate drainage consistently led to higher transpiration. We conclude that structural soil and structural cell are potential solutions and provide a tool to overcome suboptimal urban growing conditions. The application of these solutions will allow for seamless integration of greenery with urban infrastructure.     

延边地区农民旅游市场现状特征分析

基于城乡比较、远近比较及民族比较的视角，利用实地调查数据及文献数据分析得出延边地区农民旅游市场的特征。城乡居民旅游差异较大，远郊及近郊农民的差异主要表现在出游组织方式、出游距离、旅游目的地选择、消费额等4个方面，民族差异性主要表现为旅游交通工具的选择、旅游时间长度、旅游消费额度等3个方面。     

农民参加培训阻碍因素分析及对策研究

基于江苏省淮安市265位农民的调查,了解到近年来淮安市培训工作已取得骄人成绩,但目前还存在很多问题,并在此基础上,提出进一步统筹规划,完善硬件设施、提高师资素质,灵活选定授课形式,丰富农民培训内容等建议。