Quantitative trait loci for fruit size and flowering time-related traits under domestication and diversifying selection in cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

In cucumber, the genetic basis of traits under domestication and/or diversifying selection is not well understood. Here, we reported QTL mapping for flowering time and fruit size-related traits with segregating populations derived from a cultivated × wild cross. Phenotypic data of flowering time (FT), fruit size (FS), fruit number (FN) and fruit weight per plant (FW) were collected in multiple environments. QTL analysis identified 19 QTL for these traits. We found that the major-effect QTL FT1.1 played an important role in regulating flowering time in cultivated cucumber, whereas the minor-effect QTL FT6.3 contributed to photoperiod sensitive flowering time during domestication. Two novel consensus FS QTL, FS1.4 and FS2.3, seem to be the targets of selection during breeding for the US processing cucumber. All other FS QTL were co-localized with previously detected QTL using populations derived from cultivated cucumbers, suggesting that they were under selection during both initial domestication and subsequent improvement. Results from this study also suggested that the wild cucumber is a useful resource for capturing positive transgressive segregation and novel alleles that could be explored in cucumber breeding.     

中华卤虫家系构建几个关键技术探讨

本文就中华卤虫(Artemia.sinica)家系构建的几个关键技术进行了具体的讨论。交配产卵阶段基本参数研究结果表明,多数家系在抱对后24~60小时便开始产卵,平均间隔时间为55.68小时,具有较好的产卵及时性,同时有效地排除了假性交配现象,保证了在第20日龄时测定各性状值后建立家系、统计交配、产卵数据的准确性。各家系产卵情况统计结果表明,以生产2批卵的家系最多,46个,以产卵总量在151~200粒之间的家系最多,26个,产卵总量大于150粒的家系为70个,完全满足家系构建的需要。半同胞家系方面,在全同胞家系获得足够数量休眠卵的基础上,对仍在抱对的家系采用人工分离抱对雌雄个体的方法进行半同胞家系的组建,以便实现半同胞家系构建的同步性。本试验各生产阶段基本参数的获得,对指导中华卤虫构建家系进行遗传选育提供了理论依据。     

Selecting the hologenome to breed for an improved feed efficiency in pigs—A novel selection index

Most traits in animal breeding, including feed efficiency traits in pigs, are affected by many genes with small effect and have a moderately high heritability between 0.1 and 0.5, which enables efficient selection. Since the microbiota composition in the gastrointestinal tract is also partly heritable and was shown to have a substantial effect on feed efficiency, the host genes affect the phenotype not only directly by altering metabolic pathways, but also indirectly by changing the microbiota composition. The effect of the microbiota composition on the breeding value of an animal is the conditional expectation of its breeding value, given the vector with microbiota frequencies, that is The breeding value of an animal can therefore be decomposed into a heritable contribution that arises from an altered microbiota composition and a heritable contribution that arises from altered metabolic pathways within the animal, so Instead of selecting for breeding value , an index comprising the two components and with appropriate weights, that is , can be used. The present study shows how this breeding strategy can be applied in pig genomic selection breeding scheme for two feed efficiency traits and daily gain.     

山核桃天然群体家系种实和幼苗性状变异分析

基于岛石天然林山核桃自由授粉产生的44个单株果实与种子的表型及由种子实生繁殖1年生幼苗生长性状11个指标的数据,分别计算了各指标的特征值,并进行了方差分析,研究其自然变异.结果表明,果实和种子各表型变异程度不一,其中以果实质量的变异系数最大,为11.22％;其次是种子质量和出籽率,分别为8.64％和7.66％;种实各指标在采样单株间的差异均极显著.除果实质量与果形指数和种形指数之间无显著相关外,其余各指标两两间相关均极显著.1年生苗木苗高和地径变异系数分别达13.99％、10.28％,且各家系间差异极显著;苗高与地径的Pearson相关系数为0.552,相关性极显著.2个苗木生长指标与9个种实表型指标间相关性不显著.     

关税和补贴对国企国有股份最优占比的影响——基于混合寡占理论分析

通过建立理论模型，并用2014年湖南省5县区20个城乡社区的调查数据，从家务劳动时间的视角分析湖南劳动力市场的性别工资差异及其影响因素。结果发现，家务劳动时间是影响湖南劳动力市场性别工资差异的重要因素，同时其他影响因素还有月工资收入、受教育程度、行业等，但职务职称对性别工资差异的影响存在不确定性。因此，政府应大力发展家庭服务业，建立健全覆盖城乡的家庭服务体系，基本满足家庭的服务需求，使女性从家务劳动中解脱出来，同时应通过政策倾斜确保女性培训比例，增强就业竞争实力；规范劳动合同，维护私有及民营企业女性从业者在劳动就业、社会保障等方面的合法权益。     

莫氏兰的品种选育和栽培技术研究

对从新加坡引进的莫氏兰进行适应性栽培。筛选出Mokara Adisa、M. Red、M. Dinah Shore、M. Chittl Orange Spot、M. Chao Praya Gold、M. Chao Praya Boy、M. Chark Kuan Pink、M. Kitiya共8个适宜在海南省三亚市栽培的莫氏兰优良切花品种，并对莫氏兰优良品种的主要栽培技术进行介绍。     

利用分子标记辅助选择改良春恢350稻瘟病抗性

水稻抗稻瘟病基因Pigm(t)抗谱广、抗性强。春恢350是超级早稻春光1号的恢复系,该恢复系配合力强,丰产性好,但不抗稻瘟病。本研究以携带抗稻瘟病基因Pigm的谷梅4号为抗源,以春恢350为轮回受体亲本,在回交选育过程中,通过表形筛选与分子标记辅助选择相结合,将Pigm(t)基因导入到春恢350中,获得3个带有目标基因的改良恢复系纯合株系。以江西近年来具有代表性的20个菌株对这3份材料进行抗性鉴定,其抗性频率为85%~100%,而原始对照春恢350的抗性频率仅为5%,表明抗性基因已成功导入春恢350中并表达;并用不育系江农早4号A与改良的春恢350测配,其杂种一代田间表现优势强,抗性强。     

住宅建筑热泵的热源选择

指出了住宅建筑的暖通空调能耗占建筑能耗的比重大，较燃煤取暖而言，热泵技术的节能效果显著。从原理特点、适用性、限制条件、土建和设备建设难度和周期、后期管理维护等方面分析了空气、地表（下）水、土壤、太阳能和污水等热泵热源，探讨了住宅建筑热泵热源选择的总的原则。     

可可泛素结合酶基因家族的生物信息学初步分析

泛素结合酶(E2s)促进底物泛素化或者与E3s链接,是靶蛋白泛素化的关键酶,在泛素-蛋白酶体途径中起重要作用。利用可可(Theobroma cacao L.)全基因组测序数据,共鉴定出45个E2s基因家族成员,包括39个UBC和6个UEV基因。通过生物信息学方法,对可可E2s家族的基本理化性质、基因结构、二级结构预测、亚细胞定位、进化关系等方面进行初步分析。结果表明:可可E2s基因CDS长度在441(Tc UEV3)~3 651 bp(Tc UBC7)之间,对应的编码蛋白氨基酸数目在146(Tc UEV3)~1 216 aa(Tc UBC7)之间,编码蛋白分子量在16.39~134.71 ku之间。E2s基因外显子在1~11之间,多数基因外显子数目在5~7之间。E2s基因在10条染色体上均有分布,1号染色体为7个,数量最多;6号染色体2个基因,数量最少。可可E2s蛋白大多为不稳定蛋白,且均为亲水性蛋白,其二级结构以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主要构成元件。大多数可可E2s蛋白定位在细胞核,少数定位在内质网或者细胞质。进化树分析表明:可可E2s蛋白被分为20个亚家族,包括16个UBC亚家族和4个UEV亚家族,第Ⅵ亚家族E2s数目最多为9个;E2s家族蛋白在物种进化过程中具有高度保守性。     

长白落叶松1.5代种子园营建技术

永吉县西阳林木种子园2010年开始进行长白落叶松1.5代种子园建设工作,采用先定砧、后嫁接方式建园。建园材料为88个优良无性系。其中,从第一代种子园生产区中逆向选择无性系47个,优良种源天然林优良林分选择无性系41个。建设总面积20 hm~2,区划为4个大区、18个小区,以小区为单位利用完全随机法配置无性系,为充分异型交配创造条件。