基于改进极限学习机的水体溶解氧预测方法

为了有效地指导水产养殖生产,提高溶解氧浓度预测的精度,提出了基于因子筛选和改进极限学习机（Extreme Learning Machine,ELM）的水产养殖溶解氧预测模型。首先,利用皮尔森相关系数法计算各影响因子与溶解氧浓度间的相关系数,提取强关联因子,降低预测模型的输入量维度;采用偏最小二乘算法（Partial Least Square, PLS）优化传统ELM神经网络,避免网络中隐含层共线性问题,保障输出权值的稳定性;然后,结合新型激活函数,构建水体溶解氧浓度预测模型。最后,将SPLS-ELM（Selection Based Partial Least Square Optimized-Extreme Learning Machine）预测模型应用到江苏省无锡市南泉基地某试验池塘的水体溶解氧预测中。试验结果表明：该模型的预测均方根误差为0.323 2 mg/L,与最小二乘支持向量机（Least Square Support Vector Machine,LSSVM）、BP神经网络、粒子群（Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO）优化LSSVM和遗传算法（Genetic Algorithm, GA）优化BP神经网络相比分别降低40.98%、44.48%、34.73%和44.18%。且该模型的运行时间仅0.623 1s,预测精度和运行效率明显优于其他模型。该模型的溶解氧预测曲线接近真实溶解氧变化曲线,能够满足水产养殖实际生产对水体溶解氧预测的要求。     

中国西北棉花根系呼吸对土壤呼吸贡献率的研究

To measure the contribution of root respiration (Rr) to total soil respiration (Rt) in arid cotton fields, eighteen plots, nine for girdling and nine control, were built in an arid cotton field in the Aksu National Experimental Station of Oasis Farmland Ecosystem, Xinjiang of China. Given the difference of soil respiration between girdled plots and non-girdled control plots, the components of soil respiration, root respiration (Rr) and respiration originating from decomposition (Rd) were divided. The temperature sensitivities of R r and R d were analyzed, respectively. The results showed that the average contribution of R r to R t in arid cotton field was about 32% during the study period. The temperature-response curve of R r differed from that of Rd . The dynamic variation of R d was more related to the change of soil temperature as compared to Rr . Rr and Rd had different responses to the variation of environment, and thus new models capable of differentiating between Rr and Rd are needed for evaluating the different factors controlling these two components of soil respiration in arid cotton field.     

玉米ZmNAC1基因的克隆与分析

[目的]NAC(NAM,ATAF1,ATAF2和CUC2)转录因子是植物中特有的具有多种生物学功能的转录调控因子,通过与下游靶基因启动子区域内特异的DNA序列结合,调控下游胁迫应答基因的表达,从而发挥其转录调控功能.本研究从玉米自交系B73中分离得到一个玉米NAC转录因子家族基因ZmNAC1,并对其进行氨基酸序列比对、氨基酸组成和系统进化分析,为进一步研究ZmNAC1基因在非生物胁迫反应中的生物学功能奠定基础.[方法]运用RT-PCR技术克隆基因全长cDNA,应用多种生物信息软件分析基因序列特征:氨基酸组成、保守结构域、跨膜结构域.[结果]结果表明ZmNAC1基因全长962 bp,共编码302个氨基酸;Zm-NAC1蛋白的N-末端具有NAC家族典型的NAM结构域;玉米ZmNAC1与高粱SbSNAC1的氨基酸序列一致性达到80.12％;系统进化分析结果表明ZmNAC1可能在植物抗逆过程中发挥重要功能.     

牛类胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白3基因PCR-SSCP分析

采用PCR-SSCP技术分析了牛类胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白3(IGFBP3)基因在南阳牛、鲁西牛和中国西门塔尔牛3个牛品种中的遗传多态性。结果表明:IGFBP3的第3外显子不存在遗传多态性;第2外显子在3个牛品种中检测到了AA、AB和BB基因型,而且A等位基因为3个牛群体的优势等位基因,分布较高。3个品种中,中国西门塔尔牛AA基因型频率最高,达到0.6615,而鲁西牛和南阳牛则相对较低,分别为0.4043和0.3095。对第2外显子的多态片段测序分析表明:位于IGFBP3基因第8069bp处发生单碱基突变T→C,并导致了苯丙氨酸变为亮氨酸。     

茶树根系跨膜吸收氟的生理与分子机制

茶树[Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze]是高富集氟的植物,氟在叶片中被大量累积。饮茶是人们摄取氟的重要途径,氟的过量摄入会影响人体健康。茶树主要通过根系从土壤中吸收富集氟,但是根系跨膜吸收氟的生理与分子机制尚不清楚。本文综述了茶树根系吸收氟的主动和被动途径,总结根系H+-ATPase和Ca^2+-ATPase介导氟的跨膜主动吸收过程与分子机制;剖析离子通道和Al-F络合在根系被动吸收氟过程中的作用及微观过程;分析影响根系吸收富集氟的主要因素及其调控措施。提出通过研究茶树根系氟跨膜吸收相关转运蛋白及其相关基因的克隆、表达和功能验证,以揭示跨膜吸收氟的分子机制;进而研究调控根系对氟的选择吸收,以保障茶叶质量安全和饮茶健康。     

棉麦两熟棉纤维强度与铃期气象因子关系研究

研究棉麦两熟棉纤维强度与铃期气象因子关系的结果表明,相对湿度是影响棉麦两熟多类型、棉株多部位铃棉纤维强度的主要气象因子,相对湿度对纤维强度的作用均为负效应,作用大小因棉铃着生部位而异。日照时数对两熟春棉、温度对两熟短季棉棉株上部（７～９果枝）、顶部（１０以上果枝）铃棉纤维强度有重要作用,均为正效应。     

白肉灵芝水提物对脑缺血大鼠海马神经元的保护作用

试验旨在探讨白肉灵芝水提物（Ganoderma leucocontextum aqueous extracts,GLAE）对脑缺血后海马神经元的保护作用及机制。将50只健康大鼠分为对照组、模型组、GLAE低（0.05 mg/（g·BW））、中（0.1 mg/（g·BW））、高（0.2 mg/（g·BW））剂量组。利用双侧颈总动脉夹闭法建立大鼠脑缺血模型,GLAE组灌胃不同剂量的GLAE干预,对照组和模型组灌胃同体积的生理盐水,连续2周。用跳台试验方法检测记忆获得、记忆巩固和记忆再现障碍大鼠的学习记忆能力,HE染色观察大鼠海马组织的病理形态的变化,比色法检测海马组织一氧化氮合酶（nitric oxide synthase,NOS）活性和一氧化氮（nitric oxide,NO）含量,Western blotting和实时荧光定量PCR法分别检测海马组织生长相关蛋白-43（growth associated protein-43,GAP-43）和脑源性神经生长因子（brain derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF）的水平。结果显示,与对照组相比,模型组大鼠跳台试验的逃避潜伏期显著缩短、电击次数显著增加（P<0.05）;海马神经元细胞出现明显核固缩、排列松散紊乱等退行性改变,细胞数量显著减少（P<0.05）;海马组织NOS活性和NO含量均显著降低（P<0.05）;大鼠海马组织GAP-43蛋白表达量显著升高（P<0.05）;海马组织BDNF mRNA表达量显著下调（P<0.05）。与模型组相比,GLAE干预后,大鼠逃避潜伏期均显著延长、电击次数均显著减少（P<0.05）;GLAE高剂量组大鼠CA1区和齿状回锥体神经元细胞形态明显改善,神经元数量显著增加（P<0.05）;GLAE低剂量组对NOS活性影响不明显（P>0.05）,显著增加NO含量（P<0.05）,GLAE中、高剂量组NOS活性和NO含量均显著升高（P<0.05）;GLAE低、中、高剂量组海马组织GAP-43蛋白表达量均显著增加（P<0.05）;GLAE低、中、高剂量组海马组织BDNF mRNA表达量均显著增加（P<0.05）。以上结果表明,GLAE可通过提高NOS活性和NO水平、促进海马神经发生和功能恢复对脑缺血后海马神经元损伤有一定的保护作用,从而改善大鼠认知功能,0.2 mg/g GLAE效果最好。     

不同郁闭度对茶树净光合速率及茶园生态因子的影响

以安徽省金寨县栗茶间作园为研究对象,对不同郁闭度条件下茶树的净光合速率及茶园生态因子进行测定。结果表明:6月,露地茶园(对照)茶树的净光合速率在13∶00时出现"光合午休"现象,而有遮荫的茶园均未出现"光合午休"现象。在遮荫情况下,气温、土壤温度均低于露地茶园,且郁闭度越大温度越低;而空气湿度和土壤湿度均高于对照纯茶园,且郁闭度越大湿度越大。在郁闭度0.3的林下最有利于茶树生长和茶叶品质的提高。     

猪链球菌2型四川分离株猪体回归试验

选用35~38日龄的健康断奶仔猪21头,分3组,用2005四川分离株SSsc0501分别经静脉、肌肉注射和口服3种途径感染,进行猪体回归试验。肌肉注射组(含菌0.6×108个/mL)16 h开始出现症状,至36 h全部死亡,发病率、病死率均为100%;静脉注射组(含菌0.2×108个/mL)25 h开始出现症状,48 h内全部死亡,发病率和病死率均为100%;口服攻毒组(含菌2×108个/mL)90 h后开始有发病症状,第9天有1头死亡,发病率75%,病死率33%。从感染病死猪的肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、心血、大脑、脑脊液、淋巴结、肺脏和关节液中均分离到链球菌,经鉴定为试验攻毒的目的菌,表明猪体能够很好地用于猪链球菌2型动物感染模型,同时说明该菌侵害器官广泛,为进一步探讨该病的综合防制提供了重要技术依据。     

Reclamation of Polluted Soil: Phytoremediation Potential of Crop-Related BRASSICA Species

Soils polluted by heavy metals can be reclaimed using a number of expensive tactics that either remove the contaminants or stabilize them within the soil. The value of metal accumulating plants for environmental remediation has recently been appreciated and promising results have been obtained. This paper reports a study on the behavior of Brassica napus, Brassica juncea, Raphanus sativus and Brassica carinata grown on a substrate contaminated by several heavy metals caused by the use of contaminated irrigation water. Data on carbon dioxide assimilation, biomass growth and the bioconcentration and translocation factor of each metal in each species were measured. The polluted substrate caused only a small variation in photosynthesis, however transpiration was more affected by the experimental substrate and in all three species of the genus Brassica the presence of metals in the substrate resulted in higher transpiration levels.Two bioconcentration factors were calculated respectively for the roots (BCF) and the shoots (BCF); the BCF was >1 for all the species for Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn without significant differences among species. All the values of BCF were lower than 0.5; among the metals, all Brassica species demonstrated a similar performance for Cd and Zn, whereas for other elements the bioconcentration factor was very low.