表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯和茶黄素对秀丽隐杆线虫耐温性的影响

为探究绿茶和红茶中的代表性组分对秀丽隐杆线虫在不同温度条件下的作用效果及机制,试验设置0.25、2.5、25 μmol/L 表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG）和茶黄素（theaflavin,TF1）,测定线虫在4 ℃和35 ℃条件下的存活率,进而测定在4 ℃、20 ℃和30 ℃条件下经25 μmol/L EGCG和TF1孵育后线虫体内脂肪含量和线粒体膜电位的变化。结果显示,25 μmol/L EGCG将热应激线虫的最大寿命和中位寿命分别提高了8.15%、22.44%,将冷应激线虫的最大寿命和中位寿命分别降低了20.25%、17.94%。25 μmol/L TF1对热应激线虫的存活率无显著影响,将冷应激线虫的最大寿命和中位寿命分别提高了9.43%、19.01%。在4 ℃条件下,EGCG和TF1孵育均提高了线虫体内的脂肪含量,TF1孵育降低了线虫的线粒体膜电位水平。在20 ℃条件下,EGCG和TF1具有明显的降脂作用,长时间孵育可显著提高衰老线虫线粒体活性。在30 ℃条件下,EGCG和TF1提高了线虫体内的脂肪含量。以上结果表明,在低温条件下TF1通过促进线粒体产热而非脂肪动员提高了线虫的存活率,而EGCG孵育可诱导线虫死亡。     

基于统计降尺度模型的河西走廊未来气温和降水的时空变化

【目的】预测未来大气环流模式HadCM3下,河西走廊在人口较快增长、温室气体高排放情景(A2)和区域可持续发展、温室气体低排放情景(B2)下气温和降水的变化趋势。【方法】选取河西走廊14个气象站的日平均气温、日最低气温、日最高气温和日降水量作为预报量,以全球大气NCEP再分析资料作为预报因子,采用统计降尺度模型(SDSM)预测研究区未来气温和降水的变化。【结果】SDSM对河西走廊气温和降水模拟的解释方差分别为0.54~0.85和0.09~0.64。2070-2099年A2情景下,河西走廊日平均气温、日最低气温、日最高气温分别增加4.8,2.4和5.4℃,B2情景下分别增加3.5,2.0和4.0℃;河西走廊西部部分地区2070-2099年A2情景年降水量增加20.0%,B2情景增加6.7%,而中东部地区2070-2099年A2情景年降水量减少22.0%,B2情景年降水量减少15.4%。未来河西走廊极端最低气温和极端最高气温均有所增加,极端降水事件发生的频率有所减小。【结论】SDSM对气温的模拟效果明显优于降水;河西走廊未来A2、B2情景下日最低气温、日最高气温、日平均气温总体呈上升趋势,其中日最低气温的增幅小于日最高气温和日平均气温的增幅;河西走廊未来降水量的变化趋势具有区域特征,西部部分地区呈增加趋势,而中东部地区呈减少趋势。     

短柄草Hsf家族全基因组鉴定、分类和高温响应

分析短柄草Hsf家族成员的进化关系,并进行分类;利用多种软件和在线工具分析短柄草Hsf的蛋白结构功能域和基因启动子区域的顺式作用元件;分析基因组信息,进行基因的染色体定位;利用荧光实时定量技术(qRT-PCR),分析短柄草Hsf基因在高温胁迫下的表达模式,鉴定出一些高温诱导表达的Hsf基因。     

Single and Interactive Effects of Temperature and Light Quality on Four Canola Cultivars

Combined effects of temperature and light quality on plants have received little attention. We investigated the single and interactive effects of temperature and light quality on growth and physiological characteristics of four canola (Brassica napus) cultivars – Clearfield 46A76 (cv₁), Clearfield 45H72 (cv₂), Roundup Ready 45H24 (cv₃) and Roundup Ready 45H21 (cv₄). Plants were grown under lower (24°/20 °C) and higher (30°/26 °C) temperature regimes at low red/far‐red (R/FR), normal R/FR and high R/FR light ratios in environment‐controlled growth chambers (16 h light/8 h dark). Higher temperature reduced stem height and diameter; leaf number and area; dry matter of all plant parts; and specific leaf weight, but increased leaf area ratio; and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence (Y). Low R/FR increased stem height; Y; and ethylene, but decreased stem diameter; F_v/F_m; Chl a; Chl b; and carotenoids. Among cultivars, plants from cv₄ were tallest with thickest stems and greatest dry matter. None of the main factors affected gas exchange. Higher temperature at high R/FR caused cv₃ to be shortest, whereas lower temperature at low R/FR caused cv₄ to be tallest. We conclude that heat and other stress factors will adversely affect sensitive crops, but tolerant genotypes should perform well under future climate.     

Genetic Variation for Heat Tolerance During the Reproductive Phase in Brassica rapa

We investigated heat tolerance at the reproductive stage in six spring‐type B. rapa accessions and one B. juncea accession as a control. Plants were subjected to two temperature treatments for seven days in controlled environmental rooms, beginning one day before the first open flower on the main stem inflorescence. The high‐temperature treatment ranged from 25 °C to 35 °C during 16 h light and 25 °C during 8 h dark. The control temperature treatment was set at 23 °C during 16 h light and 15 °C during 8 h dark. Soil moisture was maintained at close to field capacity to avoid drought stress. Main stem buds that emerged during the treatment period were tagged, and pod and seed production was recorded at each reproductive node. Leaf temperature depression and leaf conductance increased in the high‐temperature treatment which indicated that plants were not drought stressed. A leafy vegetable type of B. rapa from Indonesia was the most tolerant to high temperature, as defined by its ability to set seed equally well in the control and high‐temperature treatments, followed by an oilseed type from Pakistan. Pollen viability remained above 87 % in all accessions and treatments. We conclude that bud number and length, and pod number produced under high temperatures, might provide a useful preliminary screen for high‐temperature tolerance and that B. rapa may be a valuable source of heat tolerance in canola (B. napus).     

Expression Patterns of the Serine Protease Gene AlSP 3 in Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera: Miridae) at Different Temperatures

As an important digestive enzyme gene, the serine protease gene AlSP 3 plays a key role in Apolygus lucorum for digesting conventional cotton. To understand the effect of different temperatures on the expression level of AlSP 3, we analyzed the expression patterns of AlSP 3 in A. lucorum reared at different temperatures using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that at the normal temperature of 24 ℃, the expression of AlSP 3 in A .lucorum at different nymphal stages was similar. The expressions of AlSP 3 in the female adult at the pre-mating stage and the male adult at post-mating stage were 19.71- and 7.16-fold higher than their control at the 1^st nymphal stage, respectively, which were significantly higher than at any other stages. However, expression in the 4^th to 5^th A. lucorum at the nymphal stage increased with rising temperature in the range of 21～30 ℃. At 30 ℃, the expression of AlSP 3 in the 2nd to 5^th A. lucorum was the highest. The expression levels of AlSP 3 in adult A. lucorum reared at different temperatures during the new emergence and pre-mating stages were significantly higher than that of the control reared at 24 ℃ (P < 0.01), while the expression during the post-mating stage at 18℃ was higher than that at other temperatures. When incubated at extreme temperatures (4 ℃ and 40 ℃), the expression of AlSP 3 in female and male adult A. lucorum was significantly higher than that at 24 ℃ (P < 0.01). Taken together, our results showed that the external environment temperature and the internal stage of A. lucorum or its sex all had significant effects on the expression of AlSP 3 in A. lucorum (P < 0.01), and that there was some interactions between them. Therefore, AlSP 3 is very important for the female adult A. lucorum to obtain nutrition at the early stages and temperature is an important limiting factor for the expression of AlSP 3.     

蝇蛆肽对大鼠机体抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

本研究旨在探讨蝇蛆酶解肽的生物活性.选取SD大鼠96只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复6只大鼠.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.2%、0.5%和1.0%蝇蛆肽的试验日粮.饲养试验预试期7 d,正式试验期为21 d.结果表明:试验前各组间各种抗氧化和免疫指标没有显著差异(P>0.05),试验期间对照组各种指标始终没有较大变化,而各试验组从第7天开始血清丙二醛(MDA)含量较对照组有显著降低(P<0.05),血清过氧化氰酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和脾脏系数、胸腺系数、IgA及IgG含量、血清溶菌酶含量等免疫指标明显提高,其中试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组均达到显著水平(P<0.05).结果表明,蝇蛆肽具有较强的生物活性,蝇蛆肽的添加量以0.5%较为适宜.     

玻璃化转变温度对层压板性能的影响

探求层压板的玻璃化转变温度（ｔｇ）对层压板性能的影响,对研制开发层压板新产品和选择适用层压板制作印刷电路板有重要的理论意义和实际意义。对不同ｔｇ的层压板的耐热性、抗弯强度和热膨胀性等８项性能进行了比较。结果表明层压板的ｔｇ升高,层压板的机械和电气性能明显提高。     

营养液Cu2＋、Zn2＋和Mn2＋浓度对低温胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶片SOD活性的影响

 【目的】探讨Cu2＋、Zn2＋和Mn2＋在黄瓜幼苗抗冷中的作用。【方法】以自根和嫁接黄瓜幼苗为试材,研究了用含有不同（Cu2＋+Zn2＋+Mn2＋）整体浓度营养液育苗对幼苗叶片Cu、Zn和Mn含量、低温胁迫下超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及其同工酶活性和电解质渗漏率的影响。【结果】提高营养液（Cu2＋+Zn2＋+Mn2＋）整体浓度,自根黄瓜幼苗叶片Cu、Zn和Mn含量显著增加,低温胁迫下其SOD、Mn-SOD及Cu/Zn-SOD活性均显著增强,且低温胁迫时间越长活性增强越显著,Fe-SOD活性和电解质渗漏率则显著降低;降低营养液（Cu2＋+Zn2＋+Mn2＋）整体浓度培育嫁接黄瓜幼苗的结果则与之相反。【结论】Cu、Zn和Mn在黄瓜幼苗抗冷性中具有重要作用。以黑籽南瓜为砧木嫁接的黄瓜,根系吸收Cu2＋、Zn2＋和Mn2＋能力较强是其抗冷性增强的内在因素之一;自根黄瓜幼苗叶片Cu、Zn和Mn含量和SOD活性因营养液（Cu2＋+Zn2＋+Mn2＋）整体浓度升高而升高,从而增强其抗冷性。