高节竹与毛竹鞭笋品质和适口性比较

高节竹是优良的笋材兼用竹种, 竹鞭延伸生长能力强, 具有较高的鞭笋生产潜力。为评价高节竹鞭笋品质和适口性, 以毛竹鞭笋为对照, 比较两者外观形态和营养物质、呈味物质含量的差异。结果表明:与毛竹鞭笋相比, 高节竹鞭笋略长, 个体质量、基径和蛋白质、纤维素、木质素、单宁、草酸、总酸含量明显较低, 而可食率、糖酸比和脂肪、可溶性糖含量明显较高。高节竹、毛竹鞭笋除鲜味氨基酸含量差异不明显外, 高节竹鞭笋的氨基酸总量及其它氨基酸组分的含量显著低于毛竹鞭笋, 但鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸和芳香类氨基酸组分比例显著高于毛竹鞭笋, 苦味氨基酸组分比例明显低于毛竹鞭笋。研究表明, 高节竹鞭笋较为粗大、可食率高、粗糙度低、适口性好, 质量总体优于毛竹鞭笋。     

Changes of plasma membrane H<Superscript>+</Superscript>-ATPase activities of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycine max</Emphasis> seeds by PEG treatment

The soybean （Glycine max） Heihe No. 23 is sensitive to imbibitional chilling injury. Polyethylene glycol （PEG） treatment can improve chilling tolerance of soybean seeds to a certain extent. The changes of hydrolytic ATPase in plasma membranes and H^＋-pumping responses in soybean seeds were investigated during PEG treatments. Effects of exogenous calcium and exogenous ABA on the hydrolytic ATPase were also examined in order to understand the mechanism of chilling resistance. Highly purified plasma membranes were isolated by 6.0% aqueous two-phase partitioning from soybean seeds, as judged by the sensitivity of hydrolytic ATPase to sodium vanadate. PEG treatment resulted in a slight increase of the hydrolytic ATPase activity in 12 h. Then the activity decreased gradually, but still higher than the control. The H^＋-pumping activity increased steadily during PEG treatment. Exogenous calcium had both activating and inhibiting effects on the hydrolytic ATPase, but the activity was inhibited in soybean seeds treated with exogenous ABA. Results suggested that PEG treatment, not the exogenous calcium and ABA, up-regulated H^＋-ATPase activities in soybean seeds.     

GPS手段机导航定位方法及可靠性试验研究

GPS导航定位以其高精度、全天修、高效率，多功能，操作简便，应用广泛等特点著称。针对GPS接收机型中的eTrexC（小博士）手持机在森林资源调查中的样地（点）导航定位操作方法及多点定位进行试验。结果表明，该机可直接用于样地（点）定位，其误差受特殊地形制约，与地类无关。     

杠杆压铊张紧系统带锯空转振动特性的分析

本文对杠杆压铊张紧系统带锯产生振动的原因,进行了试验和理论研究。用2034型频谱分析仪试验表明,带锯条振动属于复杂周期信号的离散型频谱,是由多个简谐振动叠加而成;同时理论考察分析表明,带锯条杠杆压铊张紧系统不同于秤量重物的“平衡秤”,不可能达到“静平衡”,而是在锯轮参数激振作用下形成周期性受迫振动。锯轮参数激振和杠杆压铊张紧系统位移激振之间交互作用,是使带锯条产生周期振动并引起张紧力发生变化的重要原因。     

益生菌防治畜禽细菌性肠炎作用机制的研究进展

益生菌是一类对宿主机体有益、安全无害的活微生物,代替抗生素和疫苗广泛用于畜禽细菌性肠炎的防治。益生菌主要通过与病原菌竞争黏附位点、分泌抑菌物质、加固肠道黏膜屏障、调节肠道免疫应答等抑制病原菌增殖,缓解肠道炎症,防治细菌性肠炎的发生。本文对益生菌的作用机制进行了详细阐述,为益生菌的研究和应用提供参考。     

外源精胺对断奶仔猪小肠黏膜成纤维细胞因子-2蛋白质表达量及小肠发育的影响

本试验旨在研究外源精胺对断奶仔猪小肠黏膜成纤维细胞因子-2( FGF2)蛋白质表达量及小肠发育的影响。将9窝胎次和初生体重相近的7日龄“杜×长×大”哺乳仔猪随机分配到0、12和15 mg/kg外源精胺组,每组3窝。仔猪从7日龄起补饲相应的饲粮,21日龄断奶后继续补饲断奶前饲粮至28日龄结束。从每窝选2头接近平均体重的仔猪屠宰,采集小肠及黏膜样品,测定FGF2蛋白质表达量和小肠的发育状况。结果表明：1)12 mg/kg外源精胺组仔猪小肠黏膜FGF2蛋白质表达量分别高于0和15 mg/kg外源精胺组,但3个外源精胺组仔猪小肠黏膜FGF2蛋白质表达量之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)12和15 mg/kg外源精胺组仔猪小肠绒毛高度和宽度分别极显著大于0 mg/kg外源精胺组( P<0.01),而12 mg/kg外源精胺组仔猪十二指肠和空肠黏膜绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值( V/C )分别极显著高于0 mg/kg外源精胺组( P<0.01)。3)28日龄仔猪小肠黏膜蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶活性随外源精胺添加量的增加而升高。由此可见,给7~28日龄仔猪连续补饲外源精胺能提高28日龄仔猪小肠黏膜FGF2蛋白质表达量、V/C和二糖酶活性。     

Effect of Mediterranean saltbush (Atriplex halimus) ensilaging with two developed enzyme cocktails on feed intake,nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation in sheep

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of feeding Atriplex halimus (AH) silage treated with two developed enzyme cocktails to sheep on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation. The AH silage was treated without or with 2 L of ZAD1^® or ZAD2^®/1000 kg with 5% molasses and ensiled for 30 days. Barley grain (300 g/head/day) was fed as an energy supplement once daily at 10.00 hours and AH silage with or without enzyme treatment was offered ad libitum to animals twice daily at 09.00 and 16.00 hours. Sheep were fed on four experimental forage diets comprised of AH silage and barley (D1), AH silage treated with ZAD1^® and barley (D2), AH silage treated with ZAD2^® and barley (D3) and AH silage treated with a combination of ZAD1^® and ZAD2^® (1:1) and barley (D4). Ensiling AH with enzymes reduced its contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. The dry matter intake of AH of D2, D3 and D4 decreased (P < 0.001) as compared to D1. However, enzyme‐treated diets had greater total digestible nutrients intake (P < 0.001) as compared to D1. The nutrients digestibility for D2, D3 and D4 were higher than those for D1 (P < 0.001), and were higher for D3 as compared to both D2 and D4. Sheep fed on D3 had highest (P < 0.001) ruminal total volatile fatty acids concentration, ammonia nitrogen concentration and microbial protein yield. It could be concluded that AH silage treated with ZAD1^® or ZAD2^® improved digestibility and rumen fermentation in sheep.     

外源C4-PEPC对水稻粒形和稻米品质及成分的影响

【目的】磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase,PEPC）参与植物碳代谢,并且在碳氮耦合代谢调节过程中扮演着重要角色。分析导入外源C₄-PEPC对水稻稻谷粒形和稻米品质及成分变化的影响,进一步阐明C₄-PEPC在C₃植物水稻中的作用。【方法】以航2号（对照）和转C₄-PEPC水稻为材料,采用万深SC-G型自动考种及千粒重分析仪分析稻谷的粒形,采用电镜扫描观察稻米内部淀粉粒结构,参照标准米质测定方法测定稻米品质(直链淀粉含量、胶稠度、碱消值);同时,测定稻米中支链淀粉、蔗糖、可溶性总糖及碳氮的含量,并采用高效液相色谱法测定稻米中的氨基酸含量。【结果】粒形分析表明,与对照航2号相比,转C₄-PEPC水稻的谷粒明显较短较窄,其长、宽、周长及千粒质量也明显较小。电镜扫描显示,航2号淀粉粒排列紧密,而转C₄-PEPC稻米淀粉粒排列明显比较松散。转C₄-PEPC株系稻米中直链淀粉含量明显较低,而支链淀粉含量明显较高,胶稠度和碱消值与对照无明显差别,垩白率和垩白度降低,蔗糖和可溶性糖含量极显著降低。转C₄-PEPC稻米的总氮含量明显较低,其中天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、苏氨酸、丙氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸、胱氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸等14种氨基酸含量明显较低,而其余3种氨基酸,即脯氨酸、异亮氨酸、色氨酸含量与对照无明显差别。【结论】导入外源C₄-PEPC后,水稻谷粒变小,淀粉粒排列松散,稻米中直链淀粉、蔗糖、可溶性糖、总氮及大部分氨基酸含量降低,而支链淀粉含量升高。     

外源Ca2+对模拟酸雨胁迫下不同抗性水稻根系氮吸收的影响

为减轻酸雨对植物生长的不利影响,探究Ca²⁺对植物耐酸性的调控机制,本文以五优308（抗性种）和南粳9108（敏感种）两个品种水稻为研究对象,研究外源Ca²⁺对低强度酸雨（pH 4.5,SAR1）和高强度酸雨（pH 3.0,SAR2）胁迫下水稻幼苗根系生长、氮（NO₃^-和NH₄⁺）含量及吸收速率、ATP含量、质膜H⁺-ATPase活性及其磷酸化水平的影响。结果表明： SAR1处理下两个品种水稻的H⁺-ATPase磷酸化水平和活性增加（P<0.05）,促进ATP分解,增加供能,使NH₄⁺吸收增加（P<0.05）,但NH₄⁺仅在南粳9108根中过量积累（P<0.05）,引起铵毒,造成根系生长抑制,五优308中NO₃^-和NH₄⁺含量及其生长均未受影响（P>0.05）。SAR2处理下,两个品种水稻质膜H⁺-ATPase活性和NO₃^-、NH₄⁺吸收速率及含量均降低,根系生长受到抑制（P<0.05）,其中南粳9108降幅大于五优308。Ca²⁺+SAR1处理组两个品种水稻根系质膜H⁺-ATPase磷酸化水平和活性、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺吸收和积累以及根系生长均与对照（叶喷去离子水处理）差异不显著（P>0.05）。Ca²⁺+SAR2处理下H⁺-ATPase活性、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺吸收和积累以及根系生长低于对照（P<0.05）,但显著高于单一SAR2处理（P<0.05）。研究表明,外源Ca²⁺可有效保障模拟酸雨（pH 4.5、3.0）下质膜H⁺-ATPase磷酸化水平,促进H⁺-ATPase活性升高,缓解酸雨对NO₃^-和NH₄⁺吸收的抑制,维持根系生长。其中,外源Ca²⁺对相同强度模拟酸雨胁迫下五优308的调控效果优于南粳9108,说明外源Ca²⁺对酸雨胁迫下植物氮吸收的影响不仅受酸雨强度限制,而且也会受品种影响。本实验中,外源Ca²⁺对不同强度酸雨胁迫下不同抗性水稻氮吸收均有调控效果,合理利用外源Ca²⁺将有助于调节酸雨区农作物的营养吸收,缓解酸雨对农业生产的危害。     

茅苍术与内生菌互作信号对其活性成分的影响

为了了解内生菌对茅苍术道地性的影响,本文综述了各种内生菌引发的植物信号变化的异同,以及茅苍术内生菌在促进茅苍术生长以及多萜合成中的作用。内生菌可能被植物细胞表面受体所识别,通过活性氧、钙离子、一氧化氮3种第二信使以及多种植物激素信号引发植物代谢变化,进而累积次生代谢产物。受到影响的植物信号包括水杨酸、茉莉酸、脱落酸和乙烯。研究发现,内生菌的接种可能引起多种植物信号传递的变化,并且产生挥发油含量差异。