两种颜色栉孔扇贝卵及其早期胚胎磷脂和核酸含量的比较

用钼蓝比色法和紫外分光光度法分别测定栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farrPri）两种颜色的卵子及其早期胚胎中磷脂含量和核酸含量，并进行比较。结果表明，橘红色卵子的RNA含量较浅黄色的略高，而两种颜色卵子的DNA含量却非常相似；在2细胞期，高受精率的受精卵其RNA量迅速增加，DNA和磷脂含量变化不大，但低受精率的受精卵相对未受精卵而言，其DNA、RNA和磷脂含量略有降低；在32～64细胞期，受精率高的胚胎中DNA和磷脂含量增加幅度大，RNA基本保持恒定。磷脂含量与卵子或胚胎的颜色可能有关，核酸、磷脂含量的变化与受精率高低有关。本实验旨为鉴定扇贝卵子的质量提供了科学依据。     

小麦幼胚愈伤组织辐照后代的遗传变异分析

以３个普通小麦品种为材料，用＾６０Ｃｏγ射线辐照小麦幼胚愈伤组织，在ＭＲ１、ＭＲ２代中才观察到广泛变异，其后代在育性、株高、抽穗期、千粒重、株型、蛋白质含量等方面者发生了明显变异，这些变异较单纯用组织培养得到的无性系的后代的变异频率更大，变异范围也更为广泛，并且从ＭＲ２中得到了几个有较高利用价值的变异株系。     

ABA对花生胚离体发育的调节

实验结果表明，ＡＢＡ使花生离休胚处于胚性状态、抑制早萌并继续发育，ＡＢＡ的作用与其浓度有关。ＡＢＡ促进贮藏蛋白的合成，这种调控作用与胚的发育阶段有关。ＡＢＡ也促进了花生胚热稳定蛋白的合成和累积．     

PGF2αeCG及hCG 3种生殖激素联用对母犬发情、卵泡发育及胚胎着床的影响

给休情期性成熟母犬肌注 PGF2α(0 .5 m g/ kg) ,2 4 h后肌注 e CG(5 0 IU/ kg) ,再经 12 0 h后肌注 h CG(2 0 U/ kg) ,诱导其发情。将诱导发情的母犬与公犬交配 ,于交配后 16 d,摘取卵巢、子宫 ,观察其卵泡发育和胚胎着床情况。结果表明 ,药物处理可明显促使母犬提前结束休情期而进入发情期 (9/ 10 ) ,促进卵巢内卵泡发育 (P<0 .0 1) ,并使更多的胚胎着床 ,每只母犬子宫胚胎着床点为 (17.4± 2 .2 )个 ,提示 3种生殖激素联合应用可提高母犬繁殖率     

AgNO3对银杏胚愈伤组织诱导及分化的影响

为探讨AgNO3对不同发育期银杏胚愈伤组织诱导及分化的影响,以银杏3个不同发育程度合子胚为外植体,添加0～5 mg/L AgNO3做处理。结果表明：AgNO3能显著提高胚的愈伤诱导率：早期心形胚鱼雷形胚,早期子叶胚,成熟胚子叶分别在浓度1,0．5,0．1 mg/L时达到最大诱导率,为87％,77％,98％。隔代添加AgNO3促进了早期子叶胚愈伤的分化：1．0 mg/L处理在第90天分化出愈伤化银杏叶和胚类似物,3．0 mg/L处理分化出短小叶片;常规添加AgNO3的处理在0．1 mg/L分化出芽点。遮光处理表明：黑暗培养对愈伤诱导率影响不明显;添加活性炭时,AgNO3促进胚轴愈伤而抑制子叶愈伤,胚轴愈伤组织白色透明。综合分析表明：AgNO3能提高银杏胚的愈伤组织诱导率并促进其分化。     

Ova transport and fertility after resection of the oviductal isthmus in pigs

The effect upon the reproduction of total resection of the oviductal isthmus, including the uterotubal and ampullary-isthmus junctions followed by end-to-end ampullo-cornual anastomosis was studied in pigs. Normal cycling gifts of proved fertility were submitted to bilateral isthmus deletion (Group I). Other gilts were submitted only to unilateral isthmic resection, while their contralateral medial isthmus was transversally cut and reanastomosed (Group II). A significantly lower nidation index was obtained after bilateral isthmic resection. The gilts in Group I which did not become pregnant and those in Group II were successfully mated during forthcoming standing oestruses, and were in association to that slaughtered on days 3, 4, or 5 of the cycle, and the characteristics and location of ova were determined. Spermatozoa fertilized the ova, and those cleaved normally in the isthmic-resected tube as well as in the sham-operated oviducts. The isthmic-resected oviduct, however, did not transport cleaved ova into the uterus at the time expected as normal. The findings suggest that the fertilized pig ova cannot reach the uterus at the normal expected time in case of total absence of the isthmic part of the oviduct, resulting in impaired fertility.     

Effect of temperature on growth,dry matter production and starch accumulation in ten mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars

Summary

Ten mango cultivars of tropical and subtropical origin (Carabao, Kensington, Nam Dok Mai, Alphonso, Dashehari, Florigon, Glenn, Irwin, Haden and Sensation) were grafted onto cv. Kensington seedling rootstock and held at four day/night temperatures for 20 weeks (15/10°C, 20/15°C, 25/20°C and 30/25°C). Vegetative growth increased with increasing temperatures. All grew vegetatively at 25/20°C and 30/25°C. Cultivars which did not grow at 20/15°C were Carabao, Kensington and Dashehari. Cultivars Kensington, Nam Dok Mai, Alphonso, Florigon, Glenn, Irwin, Haden and Sensation produced flower panicles at 15/10°C. The rise in temperature increased the average number of growth flushes (in responsive cultivars) from 0.48 at 15/10°C to 3.21 at 30/25°C, and the number of leaves per growth flush (1.22 at 15/10°C to 13.63 at 30/25°C). Distribution of dry matter from new growth was mostly to the roots at the lowest temperature (95% at 15/10°C) and to the leaves (58%) at 30/25°C. The mean daily temperature for zero vegetative growth was calculated to be 15°C. Temperature and related growth activity also affected the concentration of starch in the woody tissue of rootstock trunks at the end of 20 weeks (15.9% starch at 15/10°C v. 4.8% starch at 30/25°C). ‘Irwin’ had the highest starch concentration at the two higher temperatures (twice that of any other cultivar at 30/25°C) while ‘Kensington’ the lowest starch level at 25/20°C, ca. 50% of most other cultivars.     

Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus in Relation to Embryos Fertilized In Vitro

The association of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) with embryos derived by in vitro fertilization from oocytes of experimentally infected heifers or oocytes/embryos exposed to the virus in vitro was investigated. Using a nested-PCR assay, proviral DNA of BIV was not detected in follicular fluid or in embryos derived from BIV-infected donors. In vitro exposure of oocytes to BIV during maturation or insemination with BIV-infected semen resulted in zona pellucida-intact embryos testing negative for BIV provirus. However, exposure of zona pellucida-free day-7 embryos to the virus resulted in a positive BIV assay for 28% of the batches of embryos, suggesting that the zona pellucida has a role in protecting against BIV infection. The presence of BIV in the IVF system had no apparent effect on the development of bovine embryos to the blastocyst stage.     

Vernalization of immature embryos of winter wheat genotypes

Summary The effect of direct vernalization of immature embryos on flowering was studied in six winter wheat genotypes. Fourteen-, 17-, and 20-day-old embryos were excised and vernalized for 0–6 weeks on synthetic medium during a conditioning period. Percent germination of embryos was high (overall 96.1%), and free from genotypic effects. Genotypes differed for flowering in response to cold treatment of excised embryos. Embryo vernalization was as effective as or more than conventional vernalization (control, seedling vernalization for 6 weeks). Seventeen-day-old embryos were the most responsive to vernalization. With a 5-week vernalization of 17-day-old embryos, the percentage of plants anthesed was higher than those from 14-and 20-day-old embryos. For 17-day-old embryos vernalized for 5 weeks, the mean number of days from culture to anthesis was less than that of 6 week vernalization, less than that of 14- and 20-day-old embryos, and less than controls.Purdue Univ., Agronomy Dept., W. Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.