Genetic analysis and PCR-based identification of major <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium</Emphasis> species causing head blight on wheat in Japan

Identifying the Fusarium species cause Fusarium head blight (FHB) and produces mycotoxins in wheat and other cereal is difficult and time consuming because of confusing phenotypic classification systems. In Japan, the F. graminearum complex, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, and Microdochium nivale predominantly cause FHB. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 5.8S of rDNA, a partial sequence of β-tubulin and mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) genes of the four species were PCR-amplified and analyzed. On the basis of the ITS, β-tubulin and cytb sequences, F. avenaceum and M. nivale are distinct from the F. graminearum complex and F. culmorum, whereas the F. graminearum complex is closely related to F. culmorum. Moreover, thiophanate–methyl-resistant isolates of the F. graminearum complex and F. culmorum did not have an amino acid substitution at amino acid codon 198 or 200 of β-tubulin. In contrast, very highly or highly thiophanate–methyl-resistant isolates of M. nivale had Glu (GAG) substituted with Ala (GCG) or Lys (AAG) at codon 198, respectively. The allele-specific PCR assay was used to identify the F. graminearum complex and F. culmorum, and these Fusarium species could be distinguished rapidly.     

The development of a PCR-based method for detecting <Emphasis Type="Italic">Puccinia striiformis</Emphasis> latent infections in wheat leaves

Stripe rust of wheat caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important diseases on wheat worldwide, especially in temperate regions with cool moist weather conditions. A rapid and reliable detection of the pathogen in latent infected wheat leaves during overwintering of the fungus in the dormant stage will contribute to determine the initial inoculum potential and thus to predict early outbreak and to improve effective management of the disease. To achieve this aim, a PCR-based method was developed for specific and sensitive detection of P. striiformis. Specific primers were designed according to a genome-specific sequence of P. striiformis. To evaluate the specificity of the primers, seven different isolates and races of P. striiformis as well as six other pathogens of wheat were tested. All isolates of P. striiformis yielded a distinct band of a fragment of 470 bp, while using DNA of the other wheat pathogens as a template no amplification product was detected. The sensitivity of the primers was tested using serial dilutions of total DNA from P. striiformis; the limit of detection was 10 pg of DNA. Using extracts from P. striiformis-infected wheat leaves, the fungus could be determined in the leaves before symptoms appeared. The stripe rust could also be detected in the dormant stage by the PCR assay in samples of wheat leaves taken during the winter season. The application of the PCR assay may be useful for rapid and reliable detection of P. striiformis in latent infected leaves of overwintering wheat plants.     

PCR方法检测美人蕉黄斑驳病毒

美人蕉黄斑驳病毒病是危害美人蕉的重要病害之一,我国目前尚无该病发生的报道.本文以健康和感病植株为材料,进行总DNA的提取和PCR扩增,从感病植株中扩增出与目的片段大小相符的产物,而健康植株中则未扩增出.PCR扩增产物经克隆、测序后证实,与已报道的美人蕉黄斑驳病毒(Cannayellow mottle virus,CaYMV)序列同源性高达97%～99%.经优化反应条件,建立了稳定的美人蕉黄斑驳病毒PCR检测方法.     

文蛤C1q基因的克隆与表达及其重组蛋白活性的研究

利用构建的文蛤cDNA文库,克隆得到了文蛤C1q基因全长cDNA序列,该序列全长1213bp,5′UTR为316bp,3′UTR为372bp,开放阅读框长度为525bp,编码174个氨基酸。在文蛤C1q(MmC1q)蛋白中,C1q结构域与软体动物、两栖类动物和脊椎动物中的C1q结构域均具有较高的同源性。通过荧光实时定量PCR,MmC1q mRNA在所检测的各个组织中均有表达,在肝胰脏中表达量最高。在细菌感染试验中,文蛤受鳗弧菌感染后,C1q相对表达水平有明显的上升调节,注射2h,MmC1qmRNA表达量最高,为对照组的2.19倍。包含成熟肽的MmC1q cDNA片段被重组,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达,采用牛津杯法对MmC1q重组蛋白进行体外抑菌试验,但并未检测到明显的抑菌活性。     

高位池养殖过程凡纳滨对虾携带WSSV情况的动态变化

为了更好地预防对虾白斑综合征(WSS)的暴发,探讨该病毒病的流行规律,笔者针对养殖过程中对虾的携带WSSV情况展开调查。调查于2010年7月-2010年11月广东省汕尾市红海湾养殖场进行,从10口凡纳滨对虾高位养殖池中随机抽取6口进行跟踪采样。收集指标包括对虾生长状况、基本环境指标、浮游微藻种群结构和对虾病毒携带量等。本文重点报道利用实时定量PCR-TaqMan探针法检测6口精养池塘对虾体内WSSV的携带量变化情况,检测结果显示:①1-3号虾池苗种携带WSSV,其波动范围在1.3×103~1.7×104copy/g之间;②对虾在养殖过程中均带毒,鳃组织中的平均病毒携带量(2.3×109copy/g)多于肌肉组织中的平均病毒携带量(3.2×108copy/g),且变化趋势一致,但没有显著性差异(P>0.05);③在整个养殖过程中对虾WSSV携带量总体呈现波动上升的趋势,期间各池出现过数次高值。前期WSSV拷贝数的波动范围在1.3×103~3.0×107copy/g之间,后期上升到1.5×106~1.2×1011copy/g,使得某些池塘养殖对虾WSS暴发。调查结果说明:1)对虾携带WSSV可以进行养殖生长;2)WSSV在对虾体内的含量是变化的,且其变化存在着一定的规律性;3)这种变化规律主要体现在带毒量随着养殖时间的进行及外界水环境中某些主要因子的变化而变化,如:养殖时间越长,带毒量越高;养殖环境中某些关键环境因子的改变,如:温差较大,不良藻相转换,天气骤变等均可引起对虾体内病毒含量较大的波动。鉴此,作者提出,构建并维持良好的浮游微藻的群落结构,注意有害藻相改变时保持养殖水体环境稳定,对环境突变前后都做好应对对虾应激的措施等可以极大程度地减少WSS暴发的可能。本研究通过对WSSV的密切跟踪,旨在更好的反映其在养殖环境下的动态变化规律,以及受各种环境因子影响的情况,从而为预防对虾WSS提供依据和参考。     

酿酒酵母ADH2基因沉默表达载体的构建

利用重叠延伸PCR获得酿酒酵母基因沉默组件SADH2,经酶切与酿酒酵母穿梭质粒pYES2.0连接,构建酿酒酵母ADH2基因沉默表达载体。经酶切及测序鉴定成功构建了ADH2基因沉默表达载体pSADH2。     

DNA提取方法对转基因甘蔗PCR检测的影响

研究了不同提取方法和不同生长时期甘蔗提取的DNA对转基因甘蔗植株PCR检测的影响。结果表明,幼苗时期提取的甘蔗叶片模板DNA质量高于田间成熟植株;甘蔗幼苗时期的PCR检测易于成熟植株;CTAB法、SDS法和CTAB-SDS法提取的甘蔗叶片DNA均能满足幼苗期甘蔗抗性植株的PCR检测要求;对成熟转基因甘蔗植株而言,以CT...     

木薯MeEFⅠ基因的原位PCR物理定位

用原位PCR技术将木薯延长因子基因（MeEFⅠ）定位到木薯染色体上,根据MeEFⅠ基因的全长cDNA序列设计该基因的特异引物,以华南6号木薯根尖为材料制备染色体标本,结果表明：通过原位PCR检测发现,在木薯细胞不同时期的分裂相上均能发现1～2个荧光信号位点;通过核型分析,初步将木薯MeEFⅠ基因定位于华南6号木薯的第1...     

正常C57BL/6J小鼠器官组织中胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白7的表达

目的 观察正常小鼠器官组织中胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白7(insulin-like growth factor binding protein,IGFBP7)的表达.方法 利用Real-time PCR、免疫荧光法检测正常C57BL/6J小鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肠、胸腺、阴道中IGFBP7表达.结果 心、肝、脾、肺、肾、...     

避免基因组DNA污染的半定量RT-PCR新方法

为了消除基因组DNA的污染,在逆转录引物oligo-dT5’端加上通用引物T7B结合序列,根据3’-RACE的原理,用T7B和目标基因特异性引物即可进行半定量RT-PCR分析。用该方法对转GhGAI基因的拟南芥进行表达分析,结果表明:此方法可有效避免基因组DNA污染导致的假阳性。