热研7-33-97幼龄开割树对低频刺激割制的适应性研究初报

研究了速生高产优良无性系热研7-33-97在幼龄开割期对低频刺激割制的适应性。3a结果表明，该品种在幼龄开割期使用低频乙烯利刺激割胶表现出胶乳再生能力强、用于生长的干物质分配率高、排胶速度快等生理特性。采用低频、短线、少药等技术措施，有利于胶树的产胶与生长。     

脱落酸、乙烯利对草莓后熟和衰老的影响

脱落酸加快了草莓的后熟和衰老;乙烯利对草莓的呼吸强度和营养成分影响很小,对纤维素酶的活性有一定的促进作用。随着草莓的后熟和衰老,果实脱落酸含量和乙烯生成迅速上升,表明抑制ABA 的合成和排除贮藏环境中的乙烯都能延缓草莓的后熟和衰老。     

乙烯利刺激对橡胶树乳管细胞活性氧代谢的影响

研究了质量分数分别为1％，5％和10％的乙烯利刺激中龄橡胶无性系RRIM600，胶乳中活性氧产生速率及清除系统的变化。结果表明：高浓度乙烯利刺激后乳管中H2O3含量和活性氧产生速率提高，CAT，ASA—POD活性下降：而低浓度乙烯利刺激后乳管中H2O2含量和活性氧产生速率略有下降，CAT，ASA-POD活性则有不同程度的加强。     

乙烯对‘班克海尔’和‘杨妃出浴’芍药切花开放和衰老的影响

以‘班克海尔’和‘杨妃出浴’芍药切花为试材,研究了乙烯利处理对切花开放和衰老的影响;同时从中克隆得到乙烯生物合成和信号转导的9个关键基因PlACS、PlACO、PlACO5、PlETR1、PlERS1、PlETR2、PlEIN4、PlCTR1和PlEIN3,利用qRT-PCR分析这些基因的表达模式。结果表明：‘班克海尔’正常瓶插寿命长于‘杨妃出浴’,两品种均对乙烯敏感;乙烯利明显促进‘班克海尔’花朵开放和衰老进程,抑制‘杨妃出浴’花朵开放进程,并且出现僵花、衰老萎蔫。基因序列分析表明,乙烯合成和信号转导基因在两种切花品种中高度保守,保守性在98%以上。qRT-PCR分析表明,瓶插12 ~ 36 h,乙烯诱导两品种中除PlEIN3外的所有基因上调。瓶插0 ~ 12 h,‘杨妃出浴’中9个基因表达量均较高,内源乙烯合成和乙烯信号转导较为活跃,而在24 ~ 36 h,外源乙烯使‘班克海尔’乙烯生物合成基因表达量升高,乙烯信号转导基因表达量普遍高于‘杨妃出浴’。推测‘杨妃出浴’自身合成乙烯的时间较早,对乙烯的反应比‘班克海尔’更为敏感,‘班克海尔’乙烯反应类型可能为末期上升型,而‘杨妃出浴’为乙烯跃变型;两种芍药切花对乙烯的敏感程度以及花朵开放和衰老进程不同,可能与其乙烯生物合成和信号转导相关基因表达模式不同有关。     

乙烯利诱导豚草雄蕊败育的细胞形态学观察

本实验选用乙烯利(Ethrel)对豚草杀雄,效果显著,在花序生长2.5cm 以下时期喷施2%浓度乙烯利较为适宜。败育雄蕊 PMC 粘连、退化,四分体形状不规则:花粉粒收缩、空瘪,内部无淀粉粒,蛋白质含量降低;绒毡层类似于腺质绒毡层类型,相互连成一圈后消失;花的败育出现无雄蕊型和花粉败育型。     

伤害对巴西橡胶树胶乳中磷脂酶A2的影响

以巴西橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis Mull.Arg.）无性系PR107和热研7—33—97为试验对象,研究机械伤害、外源莱莉酸及乙烯（利）等条件对胶乳C-乳清中磷脂酶A2的影响。结果表明,伤害和外源莱莉酸及乙烯（利）对磷脂酶A2均有诱导作用。其中机械伤害的诱导效应最为明显,外源茉莉酸最适诱导浓度为0.08％,磷脂酶A2活性随着外源乙烯刺激剂量的增加而增强。伤害信号能在伤害早期较明显地诱导磷脂酶A2的活性。     

Mutations blocking sensitivity to gibberellic acid promote ethylene-induced male sterility in wheat

Summary Ethylene is known to perturb normal reproductive development in wheat, particularly the development of functional pollen. Two experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis that increasing insensitivity to gibberellic acid (GA), conferred by the Rht genes, would be associated with increased male sterility in ethrel or Cerone^®-treated wheat. Wild type (WT=rht1/rht1, rht2/rht2), single dwarf (SD=Rht1/Rht1, rht2/rht2 or SD=rht1/rht1, Rht2/Rht2), and double dwarf (DD=Rht1/Rht1, Rht2/Rht2) near-isogenic lines in six genetic backgrounds were treated with ethrel or Cerone^® at the late tetrad to early uninucleate stage of pollen grain development. Ethrel induced pollen abortion in all genotypes but was highest for DD (41% above background) followed by SD (20%), and then WT genotypes (10%). Spikelet fertility decreased as the number of Rht alleles increased in response to ethrel or Cerone^® treatments. Expressed as a percent of controls, spikelet fertility was 56% for WT, 42% for SD, and 29% for DD. The consistent linear relationship between the number of Rht alleles and sensitivity of ethylene-induced male sterility suggests that GA and its recognition may exert a stabilizing effect in pollen development in the presence of stress or an ethylene shock.Paper No. 764 of the Department of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Cornell Agricultural Experiment Station.     

乙烯利对花生开花习性和产量的影响

针对花生生产中开花多、结果少的现实问题,在大田试验条件下,以湘花2008为试验材料,探索喷施乙烯利对花生开花习性和产量的综合影响。结果表明:喷施不同浓度的乙烯利能降低花生花瓣面积(200 mg/L除外)、地上部单日开花量、总果针数、总果针重(200 mg/L除外),且浓度越高、降幅越大;盛花期喷施不同浓度的乙烯利能降低花生单株总果数,提高针果率、饱果率;幼果期喷施乙烯利可提高花生单株总果数、针果率;喷施不同浓度的乙烯利可降低花生单株生产力、百果重、百仁重、出仁率和产量。     

乙烯利对甘蔗生长发育的影响

甘蔗伸长期叶面喷施乙烯利表明，蔗茎伸长速度和酸性，中性转化酶活性上升都降低，２０天后，蔗茎伸长速度和酶活性上升，并逐步超过对照。但新叶叶面积降低。乙烯利还能增加甘蔗茎粗和茎重，提高糖分含量。