陆地棉产量、纤维品质相关性状主效QTL和上位性互作分析

 【目的】为了能够较为全面地了解陆地棉产量和纤维品质相关性状的遗传基础,利用包含471个标记、总长3 070.2 cM、覆盖棉花基因组65.88%左右的遗传图谱对其进行主效QTL定位和上位性互作分析。【方法】以DH962×冀棉5号的F2:3家系为分析群体,用WinQTLCartV2.5进行复合区间作图定位主效QTL,利用EPISTACY软件对共显性标记进行两位点的上位性互作分析。【结果】共检测到9个与产量相关性状的主效QTL,和5个与纤维品质相关性状的主效QTL,整齐度和比强度在显著LOD阈值下没有检测到相关QTL。共检测到75对互作位点,大多数互作属于非QTL位点与非QTL位点之间的互作,互作类型以加性显性互作和显性加性互作为主。所涉及的性状中,影响衣分和纤维长度的互作位点最多,单株铃数和衣指的最少。在LG1上检测到1个同时控制单株籽棉重、单株皮棉重和籽指主效QTL。在两位点的互作对中也发现了同时影响单株籽棉重、单株皮棉重和马克隆值的互作位点1对,同时影响衣分和纤维长度的互作位点4对。【结论】除了主效QTL外,上位性是陆地棉产量和纤维品质性状的重要遗传基础。主效QTL的效应小和上位性互作将会使得棉花分子标记辅助育种更加困难和复杂。表型相关的性状是由相同的QTL/互作位点所控制,这有助于多个性状的同时选择。     

水稻冠层叶面积和比叶重的基因型×环境互作效应分析

采用包括基因型×环境互作效应的加性—显性—加性×加性上位性遗传模型,分析了水稻剑叶面积（ＦＬＡ）、倒二叶面积（２ＬＡ）、倒三叶面积（３ＬＡ）和比叶重（ＳＬＷ）的２ ａ 资料．结果表明,这４个性状的遗传主要受显性效应及其与环境互作效应的控制,加性×加性上位性效应对其表现有一定影响．加性效应对ＳＬＷ 也有重要作用．加性与环境互作效应对２ＬＡ 和３ＬＡ 以及加性×加性上位性与环境互作效应对ＦＬＡ 和ＳＬＷ 的影响较小．遗传率分析表明各性状的普通狭义遗传率依次为ＳＬＷ＞ ＦＬＡ＞ ３ＬＡ＞ ２ＬＡ．遗传效应预测值结果表明,ＩＲ６６１５８－３７和ＩＲ６５６００－８５具有使杂交后代增加ＳＬＷ 的遗传效应,明恢６３在改良冠层叶面积中受环境的影响程度较小,认为这３个品种是超高产新株型育种的优良亲本材料．     

江淮下游大豆亲本品种（系）双列杂交衍生世代农艺性状的遗传分析

本文研究江淮下游8个大豆品种(系)双列杂交F_2至F_4表现的亲本配合力;证实F_2与F_3间有产量配合力与世代互作;评选出7206—934、诱变30、493—1、1138—2等具优良一般或特殊配合力的亲本与组合。按Hayman方法推演了综合F_2至F_4三世代信息的多基因体系遗传分析;除每株粒数外,产量、百粒重、生育前期、株高等均有上位性作用;从加性、显性效应估计值及上位性度量的组成对优良亲本与组合作分析和解释;进而对亲本性状基因显性方向及分布作出估计。     

A stable and major QTL region on chromosome 2 conditions pod shape in cultivated peanut (Arachis hyopgaea L.)

Peanut pod shape is a heritable trait which affects the market acceptance of in-shell peanut products. In order to determine the genetic control of pod shape, six component traits of pod shape (pod length, pod width, pod length/width ratio, pod roundness, beak degree and constriction degree) were measured using an image-based phenotyping method. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 181 lines was phenotyped across three environments. Continuous distributions and transgressive segregations were demonstrated in all measured traits and environments. Significant correlations were found among most component traits with broad-sense heritability ranging from 0.87 to 0.95. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis yielded 26 additive QTLs explaining 3.79 to 52.37% phenotypic variations. A novel, stable and major QTL region conditioning multiple shape features was detected on chromosome 2, which spans a 10.81-Mb genomic region with 543 putative genes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed several candidate genes in this region. In addition, 73 pairs of epistatic interactions involving 92 loci were identified for six component traits explaining 0.94–6.45% phenotypic variations. These results provide new genetic loci to facilitate genomics-assisted breeding of peanut pod shape.