Genotypic characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovines, humans, and food in Indonesia

The present study determined the genetic relationships between 41 Staphyloccocus (S.) aureus isolates from bovines, humans, and food using a single enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique. We evaluated the prevalence of staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes and other virulence gene determinants by PCR. The identification of S. aureus was based on culturing and biochemical tests, and by amplifying a specific section of the 23S rRNA gene. PCR amplification of the SE genes (sea, seb, sec, see, seg, seh, and sei) singly or in combination was observed. Most isolates of bovine origin harbored hla (84%) and cap5 (74%), while most isolates from humans harbored hla (73%), cap8 (91%), and fnbA (100%). Strains from food sources were positive for hla (100%), cap5 (100%), and cap8 (64%) unlike isolates from humans or bovines. A single enzyme AFLP analysis revealed a correlation between AFLP clusters of some strains and the source of the isolates The genotypic results of the present study might help to better understand the distribution of prevalent S. aureus clones among humans, bovines, and food and will help control S. aureus infections in Indonesia.     

产气荚膜梭菌肠毒素的致病机理研究进展

产气荚膜梭菌是一种重要的人兽共患病的病原体，可引起人的食物中毒和抗生素相关腹泻，产气荚膜梭菌肠毒素是该菌的一个非常重要的致病毒素，在引起人的胃肠疾病方面起着关键性的作用，本文对产气荚膜梭菌肠毒素产生、细胞毒性和组织学作用以及在胃肠粘膜上造成损伤的致病分子机理等方面的研究内容进行论述。     

赤芍水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素及蛋白A表达的影响

探讨了赤芍水提物在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A、B及蛋白A分泌及mRNA转录的影响。试验中采用微量倍比稀释法测定赤芍对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213的最小抑菌浓度(MIC);采用Western blot和实时荧光定量PCR检测亚抑菌浓度下赤芍水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A、B及蛋白A在mRNA转录和毒素蛋白分泌表达的影响。结果表明,赤芍水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213的MIC值为6.3mg/mL;在亚抑菌浓度下,赤芍水提物可以明显抑制肠毒素A、B及蛋白A在蛋白水平和转录水平的表达,且呈现明显的浓度依赖性。     

Causes Analysis of Weaning Piglets Diarrhea

To understand the pathogenic causes of weaning diarrhea in Yunnan province,we collected 210 feces and 60 drinking water,a total of 270 samples in 30 farms with weaning diarrhea and analyzed the virus and pathogenic bacteria.The results of the study showed that drinking water was sever polluted by pathogenic Escherichia coli,40 strains of pathogenic Escherichia coli were detected in drinking water,the positive rate was 66.7%,and 100 strains in feces with positive rate of 47.6%;10 strains of pathogenic Salmonella were detected in drinking water,the positive rate was 16.7%,and 24 strains in feces with positive rate of 11.4%,and were sensitive to imipenem.PCR amplified positive rates of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV),porcine circovirous type 2 (PCV2),pseudorabies virus (PRV),classical swine fever virus (CSFV),porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine rotavirus (PoRV) in feces were 5.2% to 13.0%,and they were not detected in drinking water.By analyzing the causes of diarrhea in Yunnan province in weaned piglets analysis,understanding the specific causes of diarrhea in weaned piglets,the results provided a more reasonable and more realistic theoretical basis and experimental reference for prevention and control of the disease from the cause.     

产肠毒素性大肠埃希菌主要毒力因子及疫苗的研究进展

产肠毒素性大肠埃希菌是目前幼畜腹泻的主要致病因素.文章综述了在畜牧业中产肠毒素性大肠埃希菌的主要致病因子黏附素和肠毒素、EatA及其生化特性,并介绍了产肠毒素性大肠埃希菌的传统灭活苗及新型基因工程疫苗的研究进展.     

食源性金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因的分布与时序性表达

【目的】研究食源性金黄色葡萄球菌各血清型肠毒素基因的分布,并进一步分析其时序性表达规律。【方法】针对51株各类食品中分离的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株,应用PCR技术对11种葡萄球菌肠毒素进行基因分型;提取细菌总RNA,以ftsZ和ropB作为内标基因,使用反转录荧光定量PCR研究各肠毒素基因在细菌生长周期中的表达水平变化。【结果】除see、ses和set外,其余8种肠毒素基因在51株食源性金黄色葡萄球菌菌株中均有检出,且sei和seg的检出率最高（27.45%）。各肠毒素基因在mRNA水平的时序性表达规律基本一致,均在对数后期达到峰值,随后快速下降。以内标基因为参照,同一菌株中不同肠毒素基因的相对表达量以及不同菌株中同一肠毒素基因的相对表达量均差异较大。【结论】本文系统研究了肠毒素基因在食源性金黄色葡萄球菌中的分布,并探究了肠毒素基因的时序性表达规律,对金黄色葡萄球菌毒力机制研究与食品质量安全控制具有参考意义。     

致仔猪腹泻大肠埃希菌的分离及耐药性分析

为调查江苏省泰州地区引起仔猪腹泻的主要病原,采集腹泻仔猪的肛拭子样品共70份,利用MA琼脂平板共分离得到136株细菌。鉴定结果表明,其中含大肠埃希菌119株、沙门氏菌5株、志贺菌4株、阪崎肠杆菌8株。致病性试验确定其中有81株细菌为致病性大肠埃希菌,对其进行O抗原血清型鉴定,有36株分离菌被定型,分属于6种血清型,以O₇₈和O₁₀₁为优势血清型。进一步对分离得到的大肠埃希菌进行肠毒素基因检测,结果表明,这些大肠埃希菌中包含ST1+ST2型20株、LT1+ST2型44株、ST2型17株,共3种产肠毒素类型。药敏试验结果显示,超过75%的菌株对头孢他啶、阿米卡星和氧氟沙星表现为敏感,而对常用的四环素、头孢呋辛、卡那霉素、多西环素等呈现耐药性,且存在严重的多药耐药现象。研究结果可为泰州地区仔猪腹泻的预防和治疗提供参考依据。     

金银花连翘提取物对大肠杆菌热敏肠毒素的拮抗作用

应用兔回肠结扎试验研究了金银花连翘提取物对大肠杆菌热敏肠毒素（ＬＴ）致肠分泌的拮抗作用。实验的结果表明，金银花连翘提取物对大肠杆菌致病作用的影响至少涉及到抑菌和对热敏肠毒素的拮抗作用两个方面，且其作用随提取物浓度增高而增强。     

The Biochemical Activity of Enterotoxin and Non-Enterotoxin Producing Staphylococci

One hundred and sixty-nine staphylococcal strains of human origin have been tested for production of enterotoxin A, B or Ci, coagulase activity, DNase activity, typical growth on ETGP-agar, hemolysin production and the breakdown of mannitol under aerobic conditions. Very good correlation was observed between enterotoxin production and coagulase activity, in that 82 % of the enterotoxin producing strains also synthesized coagulase. The correlation between DNase activity and positive reaction in mannitol to enterotoxin production was also good (80 % of the enterotoxic strains produced both DNase and aerobic acid from mannitol). Of the enterotoxin producing strains 66 % hemolysed bovine erythrocytes and 61 % were ETGP-positive. However, the frequency of hemolysing respectively ETGP-positive but non-enterotoxin producing strains was very high, viz. 46 % respectively 32 %. It is concluded that enterotoxin production can not to a satisfactory degree of security be predicted by means of the other biochemical characters.     

抗仔猪腹泻产肠毒素大肠杆菌疫苗的研究进展

仔猪腹泻(piglet diarrhea)是国内外养猪业面临的一大难题,每年因此造成的经济损失十分巨大。导致仔猪腹泻的主要致病菌是产肠毒素大肠杆菌(enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,ETEC),其致病过程依赖黏附素和肠毒素的共同作用。随着研究手段的创新,国内外学者在研制ETEC疫苗方面已取得了突破性进展。作者介绍了ETEC的致病特点,并对各类ETEC疫苗的研究进展作一综述。