UV-B辐射增加与酸雨复合处理对菠菜种子 萌发和幼苗生长的影响

研究了UV-B辐射增加与酸雨的复合处理对菠菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:UV-B辐射增加与酸雨的复合处理,使菠菜种子的萌发率和幼苗的株高、绿叶数、叶面积、干重呈显著降低趋势;使幼苗叶绿素含量降低、蒸腾速率减小。复合胁迫的下降幅度明显高于单一因子胁迫,并且下降幅度受UV-B辐射强度与酸雨pH的影响。UV-B辐射增加与酸雨处理在影响菠菜种子萌发和幼苗生长上具有协同作用。     

共生菌高毒力菌株的筛选及其抗逆性的研究

以亚洲玉米螟作为供试昆虫,利用生物测定的方法筛选高毒力菌株并对其抗逆性进行了研究。筛选获得2株对亚洲玉米螟具有高胃毒活性的共生菌菌株-X.sp.5-5B和24-6R,对其抗逆性的研究结果表明,50℃处理10min及18W紫外灯照射60min对高毒力菌株的杀虫活性无明显影响。利用生物测定对28个线虫品系的152株共生菌进行了评价,其中共生菌品系5的杀虫活性最高,而且高毒力共生菌菌株具有一定的抗逆性。     

油菜光合生产模拟模型

Photosynthetic production is a major determinant of final yield in crop plants. A simulation model was developed for canopy photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) based on the ecophysiological processes and using a three-layer radiation balance scheme for calculating the radiation interception and absorption by the layers of flowers, pods, and leaves within the canopy. Gaussian integration method was used to calculate photosynthesis of the pod and leaf layers, and the daily total canopy photosynthesis was determined by the sum of photosynthesis from the two layers of green organs. The effects of physiological age, temperature, nitrogen, and water deficit on maximum photosynthetic rate were quantified. Maintenance and growth respiration were estimated to determine net photosynthetic production. Partition index of the shoot in relation to physiological development time was used to calculate shoot dry matter from plant biomass and shoot biomass loss because of freezing was quantified by temperature effectiveness. Testing of the model for dynamic dry matter accumulation through field experiments of different genotypes, sowing dates, and nitrogen levels showed good fit between the observed and simulated data, with an average root mean square error of 10.9% for shoot dry matter. Thus, the present model appears to be reliable for the prediction of photosynthetic production in oilseed rape.     

红松人工林能量环境与光能利用率的研究

以黑龙江省帽儿山地区28年生的红松人工林为研究对象,对到达林冠作用层的太阳总辐射、直接辐射、散射辐射以及林分辐射平衡的日变化和季节变化规律分别进行了详细分析,揭示了红松人工林的能量环境特点。在一个生长季内到达红松人工林林冠上层的太阳总辐射为2580.64MJ/m~2,其中直接辐射为1508.52MJ/m~2,散射辐射为1072.12MJ/m~2;透过林冠到达林地的太阳辐射为277.25MJ/m~2,透射率为10.74％。森林通过光合作用固定下来的有机物以生物能量表示的年净生产量为16.89MJ/m~2,生长季内系统接受的太阳净辐射为1091.88MJ/m~2,从而推算出以生长季内太阳净辐射为基础的红松人工林的光能利用率为1.55％。     

我国新疆地区太阳辐射时空变化分析

利用新疆乌鲁木齐市日射站1960—2005年的逐日太阳总辐射、日照时数、低云量和水汽压等资料,采用常规统计方法,分析乌鲁木齐市太阳总辐射的时间变化特征并分析其原因;在太阳总辐射气候学计算原理的基础上,采用线性回归方法建立各月的总辐射计算公式,根据回归误差分析和相关系数检验,确定适合乌鲁木齐市的月太阳总辐射气候学推算公式,进而计算全区各站点逐月太阳总辐射通量,分析新疆地区四季太阳总辐射空间分布特征。结果表明,新疆地区太阳总辐射7月达到最大值,而太阳总辐射最小值一致出现在12月份;各季节的太阳总辐射以夏季最大,其次为春季、秋季、冬季。新疆地区年太阳总辐射和各季节太阳总辐射均呈现逐年下降的趋势,这是由于日照时数减少,低云量增大引起的。新疆地区四季太阳总辐射总体呈现北低南高的空间分布格局。     

Terrestrial microarthropods of Victoria Land and Queen Maud Mountains, Antarctica: Implications of climate change

We review aspects of climate change likely to impact upon the Collembola and mites (microarthropods) of Victoria Land and the Queen Maud Mountains (VLQMM) in the Ross Sea Region of Antarctica. Five important aspects of biological and biological-environmental interactions are identified as key for understanding the impact of climate change on VLQMM microarthropods: (1) Water availability and utilization; (2) mean temperature (which will affect development and population processes) and extreme temperatures (which affect persistence); (3) ultraviolet radiation, although we note that the periods of peak UV irradiance and microarthropod activity do not coincide; (4) dispersal within and between habitats; and (5) potential establishment of invasive species from within and without Antarctica. The current evidence for effects of climate change on VLQMM microarthropods is equivocal, and we advocate targeted experimental and monitoring studies. Finally, we highlight several areas of high priority for future research, particularly on the mite fauna for which detailed information is currently lacking. These are: (1) functional ecology (including thermal biology, feeding and nutrition and water relations); (2) distribution, dispersal and colonization processes and (3) population and community ecology.     

含一阶导数的半线性四阶边值问题的多重正解

通过构造适当的锥并且利用方程的分解技巧研究了一类含一阶导数的半线性四阶边值问题的正解.主要工具是三阶两点边值问题的一个Green函数及锥拉伸与锥压缩型的Krasnasel''skii不动点定理.在力学中,这类问题描述了一端固定,另一端活动的弹性梁的形变.结论表明只要非线性项在某些有界集合上的"高度"适当,这类问题至少存在n个正解.     

工业废水对黄瓜幼苗生长及叶片抗氧化系统的影响

在自然条件下,通过增加不同强度的紫外线-B(UV-B)辐射,对宁夏地区春小麦叶片光合速率日变化和水分利用效率进行了研究。研究发现经增加R1强度(0.5 W/m2)UV-B辐射处理的春小麦净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率比对照分别下降了19.0%、9.8%、22.7%和10.2%,而经增加R2强度(1.0 W/m2)UV-B辐射处理的春小麦净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率比对照分别下降了48.8%、19.5%、53.6%和36.3%。表明,在自然条件下,春小麦叶片的光合作用随UV-B辐射增强而减小,水分利用效率也随之降低。     

红外测温原理及误差分析

从黑体辐射原理出发分析了红外测温的工作原理，推导了它的数学模型，描述了物体的辐射功率与波长、温度之间的关系，即红外测温必须根据实际测温范围，选择不同的工作波长．通过具体应用电路的实验数据，从环境、反射率、距离系数等几个方面，探讨和分析了测量精度的原因，得出了环境温度与被测目标温度之间的相互关系，验证了环境温度是红外测温产生误差的主要因素，并为消除测量误差提出了改进方法．     

金融集聚竞争力评价模型及其应用——基于珠三角经济圈的实证研究

从经济规模和金融集聚规模两个方面构建金融集聚竞争力评价指标体系,运用因子分析法和威尔逊最大熵原理对珠三角经济圈内城市的金融集聚竞争力和辐射域进行综合评价.实证结果表明,珠三角城市之间已经形成了互相辐射的网络格局,同时检验了所构建的金融集聚评价指标体系的科学性.本文创造性地将珠三角城市划分为一个具有三层金融增长极的经济发展圈,这使得珠三角经济圈具有双辐射的示范效果.