鲤鳃的组织学观察

应用光镜和电镜技术对鲤鳃进行了形态结构观察.结果表明,鲤鳃内有呼吸上皮、支持细胞、粘液细胞、泌氯细胞和蛋白腺细胞.本文除对上述细胞详细描述外,还对其结构特点与功能的关系进行了探讨.     

An Apparent Outbreak of Cutaneous Papillomatosis in Merino Sheep in Patagonia,Argentina

A retrospective study was performed on skin samples from an outbreak of cutaneous papillomatosis in Merino sheep that occurred in 1995. The samples were processed for routine histology, electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry for papilloma viruses. Particles of approximately 55 nm diameter were found in some nuclei of the stratum granulosum cells, while immunocytochemistry gave positive staining of cell nuclei in this layer. This study confirms that papillomas associated with papillomaviruses occur in sheep in Patagonia.     

Physicochemical properties of the thermal gel of water-washed meat in the presence of the more soluble fraction of porcine sarcoplasmic protein

We investigated the physicochemical properties of the thermal gel of water‐washed pork meat (WWM) in the presence of the soluble fraction of porcine sarcoplasmic protein (SP) obtained with ammonium sulfate at 75 percent saturation. Two precipitated fractions of SP were obtained at 0–50 percent and 50–75 percent saturation, named SP‐f1 and SP‐f2, respectively, and the soluble fraction obtained at 75 percent saturation, SP‐f3, was used. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that SP‐f3 contained mainly glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), while SP‐f1 and SP‐f2 had other SPs such as phosphorylase b, enolase, actin and phosphoglycerate mutase. The gel strength of WWM was greater when SP‐f3 rather than one of various animal proteins such as bovine plasma (BP), egg white, or whey protein isolates (WPI), was added and SP‐f3 had a gel‐enhancing effect as good as that of polyphosphate (PP). The gel strength of WWM with added SP‐f3 increased significantly with NaCl at 0.15 mol/L or more, but not in the absence of NaCl (0 mol/L). The effect of SP‐f3 was evident at neutral pH and maximum gel strength was obtained at a pH above 6.0. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis showed that an endothermic peak corresponding to myosin heads in WWM shifted to a lower temperature with the addition of SP‐f3, as in the case of PP, though there was no such shift in the presence of other animal proteins (BP, egg white and WPI), suggesting that SP‐f3 increases the gel strength of WWM through the dissociation of actomyosin similar to PP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed wall‐like structures among the protein strands in the WWM gel matrix in the presence of SP‐f3. The results of DSC and SEM indicated that the formation of a gel network in meat products is reinforced with GAPDH in SP after the interaction between GAPDH and myofibrillar protein.     

应用电镜技术对狂犬病毒ERA株污染鼠痘病毒的检出

狂犬病毒ERA株BHK21细胞上增殖并用电镜技术跟踪观察。结果发现除了有少量的目的毒外，还混有大量的痘病毒，经鼠痘酶标抗体检测试剂盒检测为鼠痘病毒。该病毒很可能是来自做复壮狂犬病毒ERA株毒力试验的小白鼠。     

Coxofemoral joint radiography in standing cattle

The objective of this study was to establish a technique for radiographic examination of the coxofemoral joint and adjacent bony structures in standing cattle. Left (or right) 30° dorsal-right (or left) ventral radiographic views of the coxofemoral joint region of standing cattle (n = 10) with hind limb lameness were evaluated retrospectively. In addition, an experimental study of oblique laterolateral views of the coxofemoral joint region of a bovine skeleton at angles of 15-45° was carried out to determine the optimal position for visualization of the hip region. In the 10 clinical patients, the bodies of the ilium and ischium, the acetabulum and proximal third of the femur could be assessed. Six of these cattle had fractures of the body of the ilium and body of the ischium, five with and one without involvement of the acetabulum, two had craniodorsal and one caudoventral luxation of the femur and one had a femoral neck fracture. The described laterodorsal-lateroventral radiographs of the hip region in standing cattle were suitable for assessing the coxofemoral joint, the proximal aspect of the femur and parts of the ischium, ilium and pubis. After testing the optimal angle on the skeleton, it was seen that distortion and superimposition were minimized by positioning the X-ray beam at an angle of 25° to the horizontal plane. It can be concluded that the described technique improves the evaluation of injuries of the coxofemoral region in cattle. With the appropriate angle, the technique can also be applied in recumbent cattle.     

高剂量60Co-γ了射线辐射家蚕的生物学效应

家蚕作为鳞翅目昆虫的模式生物,其饲养方法简单,是研究遗传和变异的极好模型。本文以家蚕卵为试验材料,研究不同剂量的60Co-γ射线辐射家蚕卵的生物学效应,结果表明:随着射线辐射剂量的增加,蚕卵的孵化率明显降低而死亡率显著升高,当辐射剂量达到300Gy时,蚕卵的孵化率减小到零;在饲育各龄期随着60Co-γ射线辐射剂量的增加,其生长发育状况会出现逐渐减弱的趋势,60Co-γ射线辐射对雌蚕的致死作用比雄蚕明显。     

线虫扫描电镜 4.羊仰口线虫

本文对采自上海绵羊小肠羊仰口线虫进行扫描电镜观察。对该虫腹板齿、背齿、亚腹齿、头感器、背乳突、腹乳突、颈乳突、横纹、生殖孔、肛孔和交合伞等超微结构作了描述,并有一些新的发现。讨论了口囊内外的构造。     

山地果园树盘覆盖气象效应初步研究

通过用不同材料对山地果园中的桃树进行根盘覆盖,并对其气象效应及与桃子产量品质的关系进行研究,结果表明：（１）各处理与对照相比,桃树内膛的总辐照均有所提高,其中以银膜覆盖增幅最大,其增加率约为２４％;（２）覆盖改善了土壤的物理特性,即使土壤的湿度和孔隙度比对照有所加大;（３）与对照相比,覆盖使果子的产量品质有所提高, 银膜覆盖最为显著。（４）各种覆盖措施,以银膜的气象效应最为显著,以覆草最为经济实用     

RADIATION THERAPY FOR INCOMPLETELY RESECTED CANINE MAST CELL TUMORS

The records of 56 dogs treated with megavoltage radiation for mast cell neoplasia were reviewed to determine the efficacy of this treatment modality. Total radiation dose ranged from 45 to 57 Gray (Gy), dose per fraction ranged from 3.0 to 4.0 Gy, and radiation treatment time ranged from 14–28 days. Median disease free interval (95% CI) was 32.7 (19–70) months. Median disease free interval for dogs older than 7.5 years was 15 (lower limit 7) months as compared to 62 (lower limit 20) for dogs younger than 7.5 years of age (p = 0.006). Median disease free interval for dogs with measurable disease was 12 (lower limit 5) months as compared to 54 (32–70) months for dogs with microscopic disease (p = 0.006). Radiation treatment time was also significantly related to disease free interval. Median disease free interval for dogs treated longer than 22 days was 12 (7–19) months as compared to greater than 50 (lower limit 20) months for dogs treated in 22 or fewer days (p < 0.001). This appeared to be due to more recurrences in dogs treated with 3-per-week fractionation and suggests that tumor proliferation in the interfraction interval may be important. Sex, tumor location, histologic grade, WHO clinical stage, number of radiation fractions, total radiation dose, and dose-per-fraction, as well as the following "yes/no" variables: steroids given, surgery prior to radiation, lymph nodes irradiated, and development of another mast cell tumor did not appear to influence median disease free interval or survival. Data presented herein support megavoltage radiation as an effective treatment for canine mast cell neoplasia, and suggest that disease free interval in dogs treated with daily fractions may be longer than that achieved with alternating day fractions.