Long-term growth, water consumption and yield of date palm as a function of salinity

Actual measurements of water uptake and use, and the effect of water quality considerations on evapotranspiration (ET), are indispensable for understanding root zone processes and for the development of predictive plant growth models. The driving hypothesis of this research was that root zone stress response mechanisms in perennial fruit tree crops is dynamic and dependent on tree maturity and reproductive capability. This was tested by investigating long-term ET, biomass production and fruit yield in date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L., cv. Medjool) under conditions of salinity. Elevated salinity levels in the soil solution were maintained for 6 years in large weighing-drainage lysimeters by irrigation with water having electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.8, 4, 8 and 12 dS m⁻¹. Salinity acted dynamically with a long-term consequence of increasing relative negative response to water consumption and plant growth that may be explained either as an accumulated effect or increasing sensitivity. Sensitivity to salinity stabilized at the highest measured levels after the trees matured and began producing fruit. Date palms were found to be much less tolerant to salinity than expected based on previous literature. Trees irrigated with low salinity (EC = 1.8 dS m⁻¹) water were almost twice the size (based on ET and growth rates) than trees irrigated with EC = 4 dS m⁻¹ water after 5 years. Fruit production of the larger trees was 35-50% greater than for the smaller, salt affected, trees. Long term irrigation with very high EC of irrigation water (8 and 12 dS m⁻¹) was found to be commercially impractical as growth and yield were severely reduced. The results raise questions regarding the nature of mechanisms for salinity tolerance in date palms, indicate incentives to irrigate dates with higher rather than lower quality water, and present a particular challenge for modelers to correctly choose salinity response functions for dates as well as other perennial crops.     

做强农机机电产业破解"三农"发展难题

湖南省娄底市根据新时期“三农”发展的新特点．把做大做强农机机电产业作为破解“三农”发展难题和全面建设小康社会的切人点与突破口来抓．着力打造农机品牌．培育农机专业市场,壮大农机作业服务,加强基础设施建设,扶持龙头企业发展,强化管理服务职能,走出了“产业兴机、以机兴农”的新路子。     

微细电火花线切割加工表面干摩擦磨损特性

以球—面接触方式,在0.6mm振幅下,研究微细电火花线切割加工表面在不同载荷和不同频率下的往复滑动干摩擦磨损行为,并探讨其磨损机理。结果表明,微细电火花线切割加工的模具钢M42表面,随着载荷的增加,摩擦过程转变为三体摩擦,降低了摩擦因数;随着频率的增加,由于温升形成的氧化膜降低了微凸体接触界面的抗剪强度,从而使摩擦因数降低;磨损体积随着载荷和频率的增大均呈增大的趋势,磨痕呈现为典型的粘着磨损和氧化磨损机制。     

基质根区阻抗谱测量中补偿和耦合方法研究

根区阻抗谱技术可以很好地展现根区水分、生物量等动态变化。针对相邻激励策略下的基质根区100 Hz～2 MHz范围内阻抗谱测量中出现的问题,进行总结、分析,并提出了解决方法。进行了延长通道对测量的影响实验,分析对比了单端口网络和双端口网络补偿策略,实验结果表明,纯基质的测量,单端口网络补偿方法是最佳选择,其步骤简洁且补偿效果显著。通过延长电极长度,使自然条件下阻抗谱可被准确测量的含水率变化范围增大,电极由3 mm增长至8 mm时,适用的含水率范围从8. 35%增大至11. 27%,是原有含水率范围的1. 35倍,有效地减弱了含水率下降时对电极与基质耦合的影响。分析了不同电极长度下的数据差异以及电极几何参数的影响,结果表明,电极长度变化并未对数据的整体趋势变化造成显著影响。同时,对测量中高频时出现负电阻数据的原因进行了分析探讨。     

基于Mega16的灌溉自动控制系统的设计

为了降低灌溉自动控制系统的成本,增强其实用性,研究设计了一种基于Mega16的灌溉自动控制系统.在3种质地不同的土壤中,对自制的基于电导原理的土壤水分传感器进行了标定试验.结果表明,在同一土壤类型和同样的耕作条件下,土壤的含盐量保持基本不变,土壤的电导率和土壤的体积含水率之间近似成线性关系.该灌溉自动控制系统能实时监测土壤水分,并进行及时和足量的灌溉.     

基于微流控阻抗传感器检测番茄环斑病毒

为实现番茄环斑病毒（Tomato Ringspot Virus,ToRSV）高效、准确的快速检测,采用内嵌金叉指阵列微电极的微流控阻抗传感器对ToRSV进行特异性检测。通过将ToRSV抗体固定于金叉指阵列微电极表面免疫结合ToRSV以引起阻抗变化,得到电化学阻抗谱,并建立等效电路分析阻抗变化机理,建立ToRSV浓度和阻抗之间的定量线性关系。等效电路分析表示,ToRSV能造成溶液电阻Rs、电极表面电子转移电阻Ret的显著增加和双电层电容Cdl的减小,从而引起阻抗增加。结果显示在最佳检测频率10.7 Hz下,ToRSV浓度在0.001～10 μg/mL范围内检测到的阻抗值范围为248.8～687.2 kΩ,ToRSV浓度与阻抗值具有良好线性关系,R2为0.98。测试该方法的检出限时,阻抗值显示为307.05 kΩ,得到检出限为0.003 4 μg/mL。试验结果证明该传感器具有检测灵敏度高、特异性好、快速方便等优点,能够实现对ToRSV的特异性定性检测,对于其他植物病毒检测具有可推广性。     

电脑主板常见问题及其解决办法

电脑主板一旦出现问题就有可能导致整个系统的瘫痪,所以不论是专门的维修人员还是一般的电脑使用者,掌握主板常见的问题以及解决常见的问题是十分必要的.`     

Development and Application of Steep Pulse Apparatus for Tumor Treatment

Under a certain electric field strength of steep pulse, plenty of micropores occur in the cell membrane. The number and diameter of micropore increase rapidly with the increase of electric field strength, the membrane breaks and the cell dies at last. This phenomenon is called as irreversible electrical breakdown (IREB). To research IREB of tumor cell, integrated with power electronics and conventional high voltage pulse generator, an energy-controllable steep pulse apparatus for tumor treatment is developed. The peak value, width, frequency and rise time of the output pulse can be adjusted independently, so the energy of the output pulse can be easily controlled. The apparatus is applied in cell experiment after a detailed analysis of its operating principle and debugging in laboratory. The experiment results show that the device works steadily and satisfies the demand of medical experiment.     

浅析工厂电气设计中的节能方式

阐述了工厂电气设计中的节能原则、节能方法,从变压器选择、功率因数补偿等方面,论述了几种节能方法。     

不同种源地桉树抗寒性能的比较

对来自不同种源地的6个不同种共13个桉树样品进行低温胁迫处理,通过电导率法测定它们的最低半致死温度,同时也测定了MDA、总蛋白含量、叶绿素含量、渗透调节物质如脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量等生理指标,结果发现,随胁迫时间的增加,所有样本MDA以及渗透调节物质含量均增加,赤桉增幅最大,铁木桉最小。样本MDA增加的幅度与样本抗寒能力呈负相关,渗透调节物质增加幅度则与其抗寒能力呈正相关。抗寒性较差的样本叶绿素和淀粉含量在胁迫期呈下降趋势,而在抗寒能力较强的样本中,二者与对照比较变化并不明显。通过比较各项指标发现,不仅不同种桉树的抗寒性能有显著差异,不同种源来源的同一种桉树在抗寒性能上也存在较明显差异。测试的13个不同种源地的桉树抗寒性能由高到低依次是：铁木桉（种源号：151199）〉巨桉实生苗〉巨桉EG5（组培苗）〉迪恩桉（种源号：14521）〉邓恩桉（种源号：15967）〉邓恩桉（种源号：14113）〉邓恩桉（种源号：15956）〉邓恩桉（种源号：14452）〉卵叶桉（种源号：17285）〉卵叶桉（种源号：13745）〉边沁桉（种源号：88080）〉赤桉（种源号：11911）〉赤桉（种源号：15027）。