Delineating the drivers of waning wildlife habitat: The predominance of cotton farming on the fringe of protected areas in the Mid-Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe’s Mid-Zambezi Valley is of global importance for the emblematic mega-fauna of Africa. Over the past 30 years rapid land use change in this area has substantially reduced wildlife habitat. Tsetse control operations are often blamed for this. In this study, we quantify this change for the Dande Communal Area, Mbire District, of the Mid-Zambezi Valley and analyse the contribution of three major potential drivers: (1) increase in human population; (2) increase in cattle population (and the expansion of associated plough-based agriculture), and; (3) expansion of cotton farming. Although direct effects of land use change on wildlife densities could not be proven, our study suggests that the consequences for elephant and buffalo numbers are negative. All three of the above drivers have contributed to the observed land use change. However, we found farmland to have expanded faster than the human population, and to have followed a similar rate of expansion in cattle sparse, tsetse infested areas as in tsetse free areas where cattle-drawn plough agriculture dominates. This implies the existence of a paramount driver, which we demonstrate to be cotton farming. Contrary to common belief, we argue that tsetse control was not the major trigger behind the dramatic land use change observed, but merely alleviated a constraint to cattle accumulation. We argue that without the presence of a cash crop (cotton), land use change would have been neither as extensive nor as rapid as has been observed. Therefore, conservation agencies should be as concerned by the way people farm as they are by population increase. Conserving biodiversity without jeopardising agricultural production will require the development of innovative technological and institutional options in association with policy and market interventions.     

高效农业的绩效化评价与研究

发展高效农业不仅是解决我国人多地少、农民增产不增收的重要途径,而且也是实现传统农业改造,向现代化农业过度的基本要求.文章依据多目标综合评价方法的原理制订了高效农业绩效综合评价框架,利用自建的模型对寿光和杨凌示范区高效农业绩效进行了评价.     

新型高效反应器组合系统处理奶牛养殖场废水试验研究

选择一种新型高效反应器系统对奶牛养殖场废水进行处理试验研究,这种反应器系统主要包括两级组合生物巢厌氧反应器和砂式沼液处理池。试验结果表明,该系统处理奶牛养殖废水速度快,两级组合生物巢厌氧反应器水力停留时间（HRT）仅为15h,处理效率高,砂式沼液处理池结构简单,对生物巢厌氧反应器出水处理效果好。该新型高效反应器组合系统对化学需氧量（COD）、生化需氧量（BOD）、氨氮（NH3-N）和总固体悬浮物（TSS）的平均去除率分别为97.6%、98.2%、81.3%和98.1%,出水体积质量平均值分别为89.0、27.1、15.7mg·L^-1和64.9mg·L^-1,满足国家二级排放标准。     

不同品种油菜氮效率差异及其成因分析

采用盆栽试验，以氮胁迫与正常供氮条件下籽粒产量的比值作为氮效率系数，探讨了不同品种油菜氮效率差异及其生理基础。结果表明，所测定的8个油菜品种氮效率系数的变化范围是0．37～0．69；氮胁迫与正常供氮条件下不同油菜品种植株氮素累积吸收量、生长后期茎叶氮素转运率及氮素生理效率的比值不同，氮效率高的品种，其比值高，反之亦然;在氮素供应水平低的情况下，氮效率高的品种具有较长的根长、较多的侧根、较高的茎叶硝态氮再利用量和叶片硝酸还原酶活性。     

双条杉天牛的发生与防治初报

通过对邯郸市柏树林双条杉天牛发生情况的调查，初步查清了该虫在邯郸市的分布及其危害。根据几组防治试验的结果证明，使用树虫一针净和根埋呋喃丹是防治双条杉天牛比较简便、有效的方法。     

生态肥对蔬菜产量及品质的影响

采用具有生理活性物质、有益微生物菌群及丰富的有机物和大、中、微量元素配制成的稳得高生态肥，在蔬菜上进行肥效试验。稳得高生态肥在较大幅度减少化肥作量的基础上，能增加豇豆、甘蓝、辣椒和茄子的产量，改善品质，提高经济效益。     

核桃丰产优质高效栽培管理技术

核桃是陕西省重要的经济树种,具有很高的经济价值,还有很好的医疗保健价值。在核桃栽培管理方面,必须以土肥水管理为中心,合理修剪,合理负载,防治病虫,提高单产。     

科学建设区域高效农业生态型园

分析高效农业生态型园区别于传统农业的优势及发展意义,提出科学发展农村高效农业生态园的策略,指出区域高效农业生态园是现代农业发展的一种新思路.     

浅析节约型园林植物景观设计——以合肥市公园为例

分析了当前园林绿地建设中存在的问题,提出节约型园林设计理念,并界定了节约型园林植物景观的相关概念。通过对合肥市逍遥津公园、杏花公园、生态公园的绿地进行调查,从植物群落角度分析研究,总结提出节约型园林植物景观的设计原则和设计手法,以期为节约型园林绿地的建设与发展提供参考。     

农业科研院所科研高效管理特点

从前瞻性、全局性、应时性、相关性、创新性、明确性、执行监督重要性、科研成果管理科学性等8个方面简要分析科研院所的高效管理特点,为广大科研管理人员提供参考。