河南省肉鸡4株禽传染性支气管炎病毒的分离鉴定及S1基因序列分析

通过病料接种SPF鸡胚和鸡胚尿囊液的RT-PCR鉴定,于2017至2018年从河南省不同发病鸡场分离到4株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV),分别命名为HB/L1/201711、ZMD/L2/201704、SQ/L3/201803、LY/L4/201710,并对4株毒株S1基因进行克隆和序列分析。结果:HB/L1/201711、SQ/L3/201803 S1基因全长1 620 nt,编码540 aa,其裂解位点分别为HRRRR,分属于基因型V、Ⅰ分支;ZMD/L2/201704、LY/L4/201710株S1基因全长1 617 nt,编码539 aa,其裂解位点为RRSRR,属于基因型Ⅱ分支。ZMD/L2/201704与LY/L4/201710分离株核苷酸序列及其推导的氨基酸序列同源性较高,分别为97.6%、95.4%,与另外2株分离株之间核苷酸序列同源性为76.5%、76.8%。4株分离株与国内外参考毒株及疫苗株的氨基酸序列同源性在58.5%~98%之间,具有较大的差异性。其中:ZMD/L2/201704、LY/L4/201710与491型传支疫苗氨基酸同源性较高,可达95.4%、95.9%;SQ/L3/201803与CHI分支参考毒株氨基酸同源性在94.6%~98.9%之间;HB/L1/201711与TWⅠ型毒株2575/98、3468/07有较高同源性,分别为94.8%和93.5%。本研究表明河南省肉鸡鸡群鸡传染性支气管炎病毒基因型相对复杂,推测存在重组与突变。     

新疆某肉牛养殖场不同架子牛育肥模式的经济效益分析

本研究通过对新疆某肉牛养殖场架子牛育肥经济效益的调研分析,旨在为新疆肉牛养殖从业者选择架子牛育肥模式提供理论参考。购入高、低初始重的新疆褐牛与本地土牛杂交架子牛各24头,分为高成本高初始重组(HH组)、低成本高初始重组(LH组)、高成本低初始重组(HL组)、低成本低初始重组(LL组),每组12头牛,育肥周期为7-9个月,每月称重并记录结果,并对数据进行分析。单因素方差分析结果显示,LL组末重极显著低于其它3组(P<0.01),HH组末重显著高于LH组和HL组(P＜0.05);育肥期平均日增重LL组显著低于其它3组(P＜0.05),HH组、LH组和HL组虽然差异不显著(P>0.05),但是HH组和HL组日增重大于LH组。经济效益分析结果显示,成本利润率HL组>HH组>LL组>LH组。相关性分析结果显示,成本利润率与平均日增重呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与日饲喂成本呈现显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。本研究发现,在架子牛育肥过程中,高饲喂成本投入可以获得更高的经济效益,选择低初始重的架子牛进行短期高营养水平育肥,比选择高初始重的架子牛育肥经济效益更好。     

Breeding objectives of Brangus cattle in Brazil

Our goal was to define a breeding objective for Brangus beef cattle in Brazil. Bioeconomic models were produced and used to estimate economic values (EVs). The scenarios simulated were typical full-cycle beef production systems that are used in tropical and subtropical regions. The breeding objective contained pregnancy rate (PR), warm carcass weight (WCW), mature cow weight (MCW), number of nematode eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) and tick count (TICK). Two models were used in series to estimate the EV. A deterministic model was used to simulate effects of PR, WCW and MCW on profitability with a constant parasite load. Subsequently, stochastic models were used to estimate economic values for TICK and EPG as consequences of their environmental effects on weight gains, mortality and health costs. The EV of PR, WCW, MCW, EPG and TICK, was US$1.59, US$2.11, −US$0.24, −US$5.35 and −US$20.88, respectively. Results indicate positive emphasis should be placed on PR (12.49%) and WCW (65.07%) with negative emphasis on MCW (13.92%), EPG (2.77%) and TICK (5.75%). In comparison with the indexes usually used, these results suggest a reformulation in the selection indexes of the beef production system in tropical and subtropical regions in order to obtain greater profitability.     

鲈鲤肌肉脂肪酸组成分析

对鲈鲤肌肉脂肪酸进行测定,结果显示:鲈鲤肌肉中含有7种脂肪酸,饱和脂肪酸有3种,不饱和脂肪酸有4种。3种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)总量为28.22%,4种不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)为71.75%,以不饱和脂肪酸中油酸C18∶1含量最高,为44.28%。鲈鲤鱼体肌肉脂肪酸主要由油酸C18∶1、棕榈酸C16∶0、亚油酸C18∶2和棕榈油酸C16∶14种脂肪酸组成,这4种脂肪酸质量分数总和占脂肪酸总质量分数的93.58%。鲈鲤肌肉脂肪酸种类组成与其它几种淡水鱼类比较,存在明显差异。     

早实核桃不同品种抗旱性综合评价

以12 个早实核桃品种苗木为试材,采用自然干旱胁迫及复水的方法,测定了复水后各品种与抗旱性有关的生长指标、生理生化指标、光合指标及叶绿素荧光指标。对复水后各指标进行主成分分析,筛选出影响抗旱性的5 个主要指标,利用隶属函数对早实核桃品种的抗旱性进行了综合评价。结果表明：12 个早实核桃品种抗旱性强弱依次为：辽核1 号 > 中林5 号 > 新早丰 > 温185 > 鲁光 > 中林1 号 > 辽核4 号 > 扎343 > 强特勒 > 香玲 > 西林2 号 > 西扶1 号。此评价结果与大田试验结果基本一致。     

兰州大学草地农业科技学院硕士学位论文引文分析

摘要：以兰州大学草地农业科技学院8个专业（2007-2009年）的48篇硕士学位论文为统计源,运用文献计量学方法对其所引文量、类型、语种、年代分布等项进行初步统计分析,探讨了研究生文献需求的规律和特点,提出了加强图书馆馆藏建设的建议,并发现了一些亟待解决的问题。     

河南省部分地区猪流行性腹泻病毒ORF3和N基因的克隆及其遗传进化分析

为探究河南省猪流行性腹泻病毒部分毒株的遗传进化情况,采用RT-PCR对2017年2月至2018年1月在河南省部分地区猪场收集到的25份PEDV阳性病料进行ORF3和N基因的扩增,并对其进行克隆、序列比对及遗传进化分析。结果显示,PEDV毒株的ORF3基因序列是由675个核苷酸组成的,与经典毒株CV777之间核苷酸及氨基酸同源性分别为95.2%~97.5%和95.1%~96.9%。N基因之间的核苷酸与氨基酸同源性分别为96.2%~100%和93.8%~99.8%;与经典毒株CV777核苷酸与氨基酸的同源性分别为94.7%~95.8%和93.2%~96.8%。河南部分地区PEDV流行毒株与经典毒株CV777不在同一分支,说明猪场暴发猪流行性腹泻与免疫接种疫苗后依旧难以控制的原因,可能与大多数PEDV河南流行株发生变异有关。     

Spatial and temporal analysis of coffee wilt disease caused by Fusarium xylarioides in Coffea canephora

Coffee wilt disease (CWD) caused by Fusarium xylarioides, considered to be a soil-inhabiting fungus, is endemic in several African countries, affecting commercially important coffee species and causing serious economic losses. Coffee wilt disease development in naturally infected Coffea canephora fields at the Coffee Research Institute in Uganda was assessed from April 2001 to March 2006 to generate information about temporal and spatial spread of the disease. Maps of diseased trees were also generated from the data. Semi-variance analysis was performed on the data to show the spatio-temporal structure of disease. Host influence on the spatio-temporal structure was deduced from the distribution pattern of diseased and healthy trees and analysis of variance. Results show that the temporal disease epidemic progress was slow. The disease was found to spread from initial infections to healthy neighbouring trees, resulting in an aggregated pattern. An infected tree could infect up to three healthy trees away, in any direction. Disease foci formed and expanded with time, coalescing but punctuated in spots planted with resistant hosts. There were varying levels of susceptibility among host genotypes, affecting the rates and levels of epidemic development. The implications of the findings to the control of CWD are discussed.     

东佛里生羊MSTN基因多态性及其与生长性状的关联分析

试验旨在研究肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)基因多态性及其对东佛里生羊生长性状的影响。从324只东佛里生羊全血中提取DNA,对MSTN基因外显子序列和非翻译区(untranslated region,UTR)序列进行PCR扩增,采用一代测序技术鉴定单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)位点,分析不同位点的遗传多态性,并将不同基因型与东佛里生羊的生长性状进行关联分析。结果显示,在东佛里生羊MSTN基因外显子中未检测到突变;在3'-UTR区的272 bp处存在G→A单碱基突变,该位点只检测到AG和AA基因型,且AA基因型频率高于AG基因型;在5'-UTR区的176 bp处存在C→A突变,该位点只检测到CC和AC基因型,且CC基因型频率高于AC基因型。遗传多样性参数分析结果表明,东佛里生羊群体MSTN基因3'-UTR-272和5'-UTR-176位点的纯合度分别为0.827和0.887,杂合度分别为0.173和0.113,2个位点的多态性均较低(PIC<0.25),其群体基因型分布均符合哈代-温伯格平衡(P>0.05)。关联分析发现,3'-UTR-272位点AG基因型体斜长显著高于AA基因型(P<0.05),5'-UTR-176位点CC基因型胸围显著高于AC基因型(P<0.05),其余指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上,东佛里生羊MSTN基因3'-UTR和5'-UTR突变位点可作为其目标性状选育的分子标记。     

集对分析法在区域雨水资源开发利用潜力综合评价中的应用

探讨了区域雨水资源开发利用潜力的综合评价方法,并将集对分析理论应用于该研究,建立了区域雨水资源开发利用潜力综合评价模型。实例分析表明,该方法用于评价区域雨水资源开发利用潜力,方法简单,评价结果符合实际情况。