无磷酸氢钙日粮对生长猪的影响研究

将48头杜×长×大三元杂交生长猪随机分为两组,分别饲喂正常磷水平日粮和无磷酸氢钙日粮,结果表明:与正常磷水平日粮相比,无磷酸氢钙日粮可显著提高磷的表观消化率(P<0.05),增加猪场的纯收入,减少粪中磷的排放以保护猪场周边的生态环境。     

兰坪乌骨绵羊的引种适应性观察

兰坪乌骨绵羊是原产于云南省兰坪县、国内外唯一的具有乌骨乌肉特性的独特绵羊种质资源.为探明兰坪乌骨绵羊对环境的适应性,从云南省兰坪县引种兰坪乌骨绵羊160只至安徽省宁国市,通过观察和分析引种后原种和自繁羊群在新的生态条件和饲养管理条件下的成活和抗病、生理指标、生长发育和繁殖等性能.结果表明,虽然引入地与原产地距离遥远,生态差异大,羊群各方面表现良好,云南乌骨绵羊能够适应安徽省宁国市的自然生态环境和气候条件.     

甘肃省草业可持续发展策略刍议

甘肃省发展草业具有土地、气候、生物和劳力优势。根据4个生态经济区的特点,分别讨论了草业发展与生态建设的关系。牧区生态保护与草业开发和草地畜牧业的产业更新;河西农区草畜产品生产和荒漠生态系统保护;河东黄土高原区保持水土与草畜产业链延伸;特别是甘肃省陇南山区最适于发展包括生物柴油的新型生物产业。     

北京地区不同秋眠级苜蓿品种适应性评价

对14个紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa品种在北京地区的表现进行观测,并对主要性状指标进行分析.结果表明:参试各品种秋眠级不同其春季生长速度、秋季生长速度、产草量及越冬率都有明显的差异,秋眠级高的品种生长速度快、产草量高,但越冬率低、秋眠级低的品种与之相反;地温也影响苜蓿生长速度;茎叶比与鲜干比各品种之间无明显变化,但与茬次有显著变化.     

阿拉善荒漠草地生态危机及其治理对策

综述了阿拉善地区生态危机的现状 ,并根据多年来生态治理的经验和成果 ,提出了以改善生态环境为目标、草原建设为重点、综合开发为手段 ,坚持环境治理与农牧业生产并重的治理原则与方法     

Whole‐genome analysis identifying candidate genes of altitude adaptive ecological thresholds in yak populations

The domestic yak (Bos grunniens) is an iconic symbol of animal husbandry on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Long‐term domestication and natural selection have led to a wide distribution of yak, forming many ecological populations to adapt to the local ecological environment. High altitude is closely related to oxygen density, and it is an important environmental ecological factor for biological survival and livestock production. The aim of the present study was to perform a preliminary analysis to identify the candidate genes of altitude distribution adapted ecological thresholds in yak using next‐generation sequence technology. A total of 15,762,829 SNPs were obtained from 29 yaks with high‐ and low‐altitude distribution by genome‐wide sequencing. According to the results of the selective sweep analysis with FST and ZHp, 21 candidate genes were identified. 14 genes (serine/threonine protein kinase TNNI3K, TEN1, DYM, ITPR1, ZC4H2, KNTC1, ADGRB3, CLYBL, TANGO6, ASCC3, KLHL3, PDE4D, DEPDC1B and AGBL4) were grouped into 32 Gene Ontology terms, and four genes (RPS6KA6, ITPR1, GNAO1 and PDE4D) annotated in 35 pathways, including seven environmental information processing and one environmental adaptation. Therefore, the novel candidate genes found in the current study do not only support new theories about high‐altitude adaptation, but also further explain the molecular mechanisms of altitude adaptation threshold in yaks.     

人文因素视域下西藏草地退化问题研究

选择西藏藏北地区那曲市附近3个典型乡(镇)——那曲镇、罗玛镇、孔玛乡所属的行政村,采用参与式农村评估法中的半结构式访谈对当地的牧户进行了大量的问卷调查,以透过人文因素视角对草地生态问题进行研究,挖掘和剖析牧户特定的生态观念及生产方式,从而为该地区草地—家畜—人群生态体系和谐共处、生态环境脆弱性评价以及有针对性地进行草地生态保护提供参考依据。调查结果表明,70%的牧户认为草地质量变差,且65.0%的牧户认为鼠、虫害是造成草地退化的首要原因;在对草地退化所采取措施的认知中,21.7%的牧户认为应该减少牛、羊数量。     

青海省家畜生态类群分析

利用家畜生态适应指数 ,对全省各县的家畜进行了家畜生态类群优势序列的排列。结果表明 ,青海省各县饲养的家畜种类可概分为 10大优势生态序列 ,基本上反映了该地区饲养家畜的特点。其方法适宜 ,结果可信。按不同生态适宜家畜序列进行专业化生产 ,会对畜牧生产具有促进作用     

Influence of the Expert Effect on Cultural Models

We examined hunters’ perceptions of fauna to see if expert hunters and other hunters perceive wildlife abundance similarly. We used cultural consensus analysis (CCA) to assess the knowledge of 25 hunters in the Bolivian Amazon about the abundance of 38 animals. CCA indicated highly shared beliefs among hunters concerning wildlife abundance (average agreement = .62). However, expert hunters (as judged by their reported successful hunts of rare species, having hunted recently, and consuming more game in their diet) perceived more animals as abundant than did non-experts, although they all shared the same model. Since the expert hunters did not always agree on which species was more abundant, they had low cultural knowledge scores in CCA results. These experts may be unwilling to curtail hunting efforts on key species that they perceive to be abundant.     

科学发展观的评价指标体系构建

本文通过对科学发展观基本内涵的剖析，以及专家们的见仁见智，得出科学的发展观应该是经济发展、社会进步、生态良好，并通过运用模糊数学方法在层次分析法的基础上对一些核心的量化指标进行了综合评价和权重的优化，进而构建了科学发展观的评价指标体系，以期能更为科学地评价我们的社会是否在更加科学地发展。