贺兰山野生有蹄类动物的经济价值及种群动态变化

记述了贺兰山的4种野生有蹄类动物——马麝、马鹿、岩羊、鹅喉羚的经济价值及目前的种群动态变化,对贺兰山野生有蹄类动物的种群致危原因进行了分析,并据此提出了相应的保护管理建议。     

Starch digestion rates in multiple samples of commonly used feed grains in diets for broiler chickens

In this study the starch digestion rates in broiler chickens from 18 samples of 5 commonly used feed grains (sorghum, wheat, maize, barley, triticale) were determined. The methodology to determine starch digestion rates in poultry is detailed herein. Starch digestion rates were not significantly different (P = 0.128) across the 18 feed grains, which reflects the wide variations that were observed within a given feedstuff. Nevertheless, starch digestion rates in broiler chickens offered wheat-based diets were significantly more rapid by 56.0% (0.117 versus 0.075 min⁻¹; P = 0.012) than their sorghum-based counterparts on the basis of a pair-wise comparison. In descending order, the following starch digestion rates were observed: wheat (0.117 min⁻¹), barley (0.104 min⁻¹), triticale (0.093 min⁻¹), maize (0.086 min⁻¹), sorghum (0.075 min⁻¹). The implications of these findings are discussed as they almost certainly have implications for poultry nutrition and the development of reduced crude protein diets for broiler chickens.     

Insulin sensitivity and glucose dynamics during pre-weaning foal development and in response to maternal diet composition

Nutritional management of animals during pregnancy can affect glucose and insulin dynamics in the resulting offspring through influences on fetal development. Additionally, high starch feeding in mature horses is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and an increased risk for diseases such as obesity and laminitis. However, no study has yet evaluated the effect of feeding a high starch diet to pregnant mares on glucose and insulin dynamics in their offspring. Twenty late-gestation mares maintained on pasture were provided two-thirds of digestible energy requirements from isocaloric, isonitrogenous low starch (LS, n = 10) or high starch (HS, n = 10) feed. Their foals were assessed with an insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test at 5, 40, 80, and 160 d of age. Baseline glucose concentrations, insulin sensitivity, and insulin-independent glucose clearance in 5-d foals were all greater than values observed in mature horses and declined towards mature values as foals reached 160 d of age. Baseline glucose concentrations were all within normal range, but higher in foals born from HS mares through 80 d of age. Insulin sensitivity was not different between dietary groups until a trend for lower insulin sensitivity in HS foals emerged at 160 d of age. These data are the first to characterize decreasing insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in Thoroughbred foals from 5 to 160 d of age. This study also presents the first data examining glucose and insulin dynamics in developing foals in response to maternal high starch diet.     

平面曲柄摇杆机构的计算机辅助动力学分析

对平面曲柄摇杆机构进行了运动学和动力学分析，并利用MATLAB6．5对其进行了计算机模拟分析，得出了平面曲柄摇杆机构各铰节点动态规律图，对分析机构的稳定性和优化设计具有一定的参考价值。     

基于多体动力学的双横臂独立悬架线刚度的计算

建立了以扭杆为弹性元件的双横臂独立悬架系统的空间多体系统模型，推导出了系统的动力学方程和双横臂独立悬架系统刚度计算公式，并用所编制的软件进行了悬架刚度的计算。在求解系统的动力学方程时，提出了解决动力学方程求解过程中“违约”问题的一种新方法，其基本思想是当约束方程不满足时，进行系统装配。通过应用此方法的软件，对具体车型进行了悬架系统刚度仿真计算。计算结果与试验相当吻合，说明文中所建的模型和提出的约束稳定的方法是正确的。     

悬架橡胶件对汽车平顺性影响的多体动力学分析

应用有限元分析了汽车减振器橡胶支撑件的弹性特性,在此基础上,应用SIM PACK软件建立了整车多体动力学模型,分析了橡胶支撑件的刚度、阻尼对汽车行驶平顺性的影响。分析结果表明：在车身共振区,橡胶件对地板加速度功率谱影响较小,但在4-13Hz中频区,即人体比较敏感的范围内,橡胶件可以使地板加速度功率谱峰值减小6.5%-25.4%,因此悬架橡胶件对汽车行驶平顺性有明显的改善。此外,还得出对于刚度较大的橡胶件应选取较小阻尼,对于较软的橡胶件,可以忽略阻尼影响的结论。     

蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱流场优化设计及仿真

农产品的烫漂与干燥是农产品加工的关键技术。农产品蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱是集烫漂与干燥一体的新型农产品绿色保质低碳智能干燥技术装备。农产品蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱内部流场均匀性直接影响着农产品烫漂与干燥效果。为提高其内部速度均匀性与温湿度均匀性,同时减少冷凝现象发生,采用计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics,CFD）方法建立蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱模型,对其送风方式和送风口数量进行研究。结果表明：侧送侧回的送风方式在速度场以及温湿度场的均匀性总体优于上送下回,能量利用系数提高约18%,箱内壁面冷凝面积小于上送下回。仿真研究表明,当送风口数量为4个时,箱内的温度场和相对湿度场均匀性更好,能量利用系数最高。试验表明,蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱的试验值和仿真值最大温度偏差为2.3℃,相对湿度误差不超过1.3%,误差在合理范围内,仿真结果可靠,研究结果可为农产品低碳智能干燥新技术的研究提供参考。     

西兰花选择性采收作业平台识别切割装置设计与试验

针对当前人工采收西兰花存在季节性劳动力需求强、劳动强度大以及成本高等问题,该研究基于西兰花的农艺特性与形态特征设计了一种西兰花选择性采收作业平台,旨在能够实现对西兰花的自主识别切割作业。首先,该平台采用“识别-采收”一体化作业模式,通过对采收作业平台的关键部件进行设计与选型,建立了西兰花的视觉识别系统和定心切割机构。其次,根据西兰花茎秆与割刀之间的相互作用关系,采用对数螺线作为切割曲线设计了一种等滑切角割刀,确定了割刀滑切角40o、切割半径135 mm、割刀长度260 mm等关键切割参数。根据西兰花茎秆的材料属性参数,基于ANSYS Workbench/LS-DYNA软件对茎秆切割过程进行显式动力学仿真分析,以割刀刃角和转速为控制因子,以最大切割力为试验指标,利用正交试验优化设计,确定了茎秆切割过程的最优参数组合为割刀刃角20°、转速1 rad/s,在此参数下最大切割力为725.82 N,切割质量较优。最后,对采收作业平台进行性能试验,结果表明视觉系统能够有效识别自然环境下的成熟西兰花植株,检测效果良好;定心切割机构可快速平稳的切入并切断西兰花茎秆,切断表面平整光滑;采收作业平台整体漏收率在10%以下、检测准确率为90%、切茎合格率为88.9%,可满足西兰花选择性采收的作业需求。本研究可为西兰花选择性采收作业装备的设计开发提供理论参考和实际借鉴。     

濒危植物翠柏个体生长特性研究

濒危植物翠柏为柏科高大珍贵用材树种,通过对翠柏主要分布区墨江、昌宁翠柏植株树干解析,研究了两地翠柏的生长特性,结果表明:(1)翠柏在20年前生长缓慢,20—60年进入快速生长期,70年以后达到数量成熟,材积生长量开始下降并趋于稳定;(2)翠柏幼苗期具有耐荫性和长大后有喜光特性,墨江地区翠柏生长好于昌宁地区,其生长表现与两地自然条件相符合;(3)针对翠柏特点,提出幼苗时搭建荫棚,幼树时期进行疏伐,数量成熟时期进行间伐或疏伐等促进生长经营措施,为翠柏资源培育与保护奠定基础。