超声波辅助提取大豆饼粕中染料木素的试验研究

确定挤压膨化技术对大豆染料木素提取的影响,以及超声波提取的最佳工艺条件和数学模型。在考察超声波功率等单因素对大豆染料木素得率影响的基础上,选取提取液H+浓度、超声波时间和乙醇体积分数进行三因素三水平响应曲面试验。结果表明:超声波辅助提取大豆染料木素的最佳条件为:提取液H+浓度1.19 mol/L,超声波时间51 min,乙醇体积分数80%,此条件下染料木素平均得率为0.191%,与对照相比提高了25.0%~87.3%。挤压膨化处理有利于大豆染料木素的提取,超声波技术提取大豆染料木素的效果优于传统方法。     

4个双低甘蓝型油菜品种钙、镁、硫吸收动态

田间条件下,研究了4个双低油菜品种全生育期内中量元素钙、镁、硫含量及累积量变化动态.结果表明:试验条件下,油菜Ca、Mg养分含量随生育期的推进总体呈现降低趋势,S含量呈"M"型变化趋势.收获期每公顷油菜平均从土壤中带走CaO 187.3 kg,MgO 60.2 kg,S 55.7 kg.苗期、蕾薹期及花期CaO积累比例分别占最大吸收量的22.8%～36.7%、20.9%～24.4%、42.4%～52.8%;MgO积累比例分别占21.4%～31.8%、21.2%～29.7%、47.1%～57.3%;S积累比例分别占15.7%～29.2%、21.5%～31.0%、39.8%～62.8%;薹花期是油菜Ca、Mg、S营养最大效率期;角果期3种养分积累量均呈负增长.每生产100 kg籽粒养分的需求量平均为caO 6.2 kg、MgO 2.0 kg和S 1.8 kg.     

植酸酶替代双低菜籽饼型肉鸡日粮中磷酸氢钙的代谢试验

为研究植酸酶在双低菜籽饼型肉鸡日粮中的应用效果,本试验在含8%的双低菜籽饼的肉鸡日粮中,添加600U/kg的植酸酶替代不同比例的磷酸氢钙进行代谢试验.结果表明以植酸酶替代1/2、4/5的磷酸氢钙,可显著提高钙、磷的利用率(P＜0.05),并且明显地降低了磷的排泄量(P＜0.05),在蛋白质的利用率上虽有提高的趋势,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).以植酸酶替代日粮中4/5的磷酸氢钙是完全可行的.     

不同水平脱脂米糠部分替代玉米对苏淮猪氧化还原状态和胆固醇代谢的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同水平脱脂米糠部分替代玉米对苏淮阉公猪氧化还原状态和胆固醇代谢的影响。试验选用21头体重[(62.90±1.12)kg]相近的健康苏淮阉公猪,随机分为对照组(试验Ⅰ组)、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组,每组7个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验Ⅰ组猪饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组猪分别以14%和28%的脱脂米糠部分替代基础饲粮中的玉米,并使用豆粕、麸皮和豆油等物质调平基础饲粮与试验饲粮的消化能、粗蛋白质和氨基酸水平。预试期10 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:1)试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组苏淮猪血清丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);与试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅲ组相比,试验Ⅱ组苏淮猪血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著升高(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组苏淮猪血清铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZn⁃SOD)活性最高,且与试验Ⅰ组相比差异显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组苏淮猪肝脏还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量以及还原型谷胱甘肽/氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSH/GSSG)显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。2)与试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅲ组苏淮猪血清总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL⁃C)含量显著升高(P<0.05);各组间肝脏TC和甘油三酯(TG)含量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。3)脱脂米糠部分替代饲粮玉米对苏淮猪肝脏胆固醇-7α-羟化酶1(CYP7α1)和胆固醇-27α-羟化酶1(CYP27α1)mRNA表达量均无显著影响(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组苏淮猪肝脏3-羟-3-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGCR)、固醇调节原件结合蛋白-2(SREBP⁃2)和清道夫受体BI(SR⁃BI)的mRNA表达量显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);此外,试验Ⅲ组苏淮猪肝脏低密度脂蛋白受体(LDLR)mRNA表达量最低,且与试验Ⅰ组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。4)将苏淮猪血清TC和LDL⁃C含量分别与血清和肝脏氧化标记物及抗氧化酶做相关性分析表明,同一个体血清TC含量与肝脏GSH含量以及GSH/GSSG呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而血清LDL⁃C含量与肝脏GSH含量以及GSH/GSSG极显著正相关(P<0.01)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,脱脂米糠部分替代饲粮中玉米可部分改变苏淮猪血清和肝脏氧化还原相关酶的活性,并在一定程度上影响机体胆固醇代谢和肝脏胆固醇代谢相关基因的表达。     

硫酸水解豆粕制备复合氨基酸的正交试验

采用L9（3^4）正交试验方法,对硫酸水解豆粕制备复合氨基酸的工艺条件进行优选,当料酸比为1：4-5、硫酸浓度为20％（w／w）、水解温度为120℃时,可以得到最佳的水解效果;在优选条件下水解度可达到93．5％。     

四川不同生态区双低油菜品种"川油18"高产综合栽培技术研究

本研究采用多元二次回归正交旋转组合设计和计算机模拟寻优,通过定性分析和定量分析相结合、经验模型和数学模型相结合,建立了川北生态区、川西生态区、川中生态区油菜产量与移栽密度、施氮量和施磷量的数学模型,解析了决策变量的效应和交互作用,筛选出了最优组合方案和高产栽培模式。     

Evaluation of full-fat and defatted maggot meals in the feeding of clariid catfish Clarias gariepinus fingerlings

The nutritional implication of processed maggot meals, hydrolysed, defatted, full‐fat, sun‐dried and oven‐dried, in the diets of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings were evaluated. The nutrient density, proximate composition, gross energy and mineral constituents of the maggot meals were determined. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated to provide 40% crude protein in which fish meal in the reference diet was completely replaced by any of the following processed maggot meals: oven‐dried full‐fat (ODM), sun‐dried full‐fat (SDM), defatted oven‐dried (DODM) and defatted sun‐dried (DSDM) maggot meals respectively. Fish were fed ad libitum in triplicate treatments for 56 days in glass tanks. Biological evaluations of the fish were based on growth performance and nutrient utilization indices. The result of the nutrient composition analysis showed that processing methods of defattening and drying influenced the nutrient density of maggot meal, with crude protein content ranging between 43.30% and 46.70% for full‐fat sun‐dried and hydrolysed/defatted oven‐dried maggot meals respectively. The result showed that growth performance and nutrient utilization of fish fed DODM and DSDM dietary inclusions were not significantly different and similar to fish fed the fish meal‐based diet. However, fish fed the diet containing SDM exhibited lower daily weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and specific growth. Generally, fish performed better when fed diets containing defatted maggot meals than full‐fat maggot meal, and compared favourably with fish fed the fish meal‐based diet.     

Availability of genetically modified soybean meal in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss diets

The use of genetically modified defatted soybean meal (GM SBM) as rainbow trout feed was investigated, in comparison with non-GM SBM. Both SBMs were included at levels of approximately 15 and 30% in four diets (42% protein). The diets were fed to juvenile fish (48.3 g average weight) for 12 weeks. The nutrient use showed that there was no significant difference in growth and feed performance between GM and non-GM SBM groups at both inclusion levels at the end of 12th week. The cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter fragment (220 bp) of the GM SBM was detected in the muscle of fish receiving both levels of GM SBM diet by nested PCR, but the frequency of detection was greater at the higher inclusion level. Additionally, the promoter fragment was not detected by the fifth day after changing the diet to non-GM. Conversely, the promoter fragment was not detected from fish fed with the non-GM SBM diet. The results demonstrated that the availability of protein in GM SBM was similar to that of non-GM SBM, and the promoter fragments found in the muscle of fish were not detectable after changing the diet to non-GM, verifying the availability of the GM SBM in rainbow trout feed.     

Marker-assisted increase of genetic diversity in a double-low seed quality winter oilseed rape genetic background

Generation of novel genetic diversity for maximization of heterosis in hybrid production is a significant goal in winter oilseed rape breeding. Here, we demonstrate that doubled haploid (DH) production using microspore cultivation can simultaneously introgress favourable alleles for double‐low seed quality (low erucic acid and low‐glucosinolate content) into a genetically diverse Brassica napus genetic background. The DH lines were derived from a cross between a double‐low quality winter rapeseed variety and a genetically diverse semisynthetic B. napus line with high erucic acid and high glucosinolates (++ quality). Twenty‐three low‐glucosinolate lines were identified with a genome component of 50–67% derived from the ++ parent. Four of these lines, with a genome component of 50–55% derived from the ++ parent, also contained low erucic acid. Heterosis for seed yield was confirmed in test‐crosses using these genetically diverse lines as pollinator. The results demonstrate the potential of marker‐assisted identification of novel genetic pools for breeding of double‐low quality winter oilseed rape hybrids.     

黑龙江省油菜产业化发展的建议

根据世界油菜的生产动态和黑龙江省油菜发展的现状,对油菜在黑龙江省的产业化发展,从双低油菜的产业分布、工业油菜发展、油菜科研方向、油菜的产业协会等几个方面提出看法和建议。