合浦珠母贝全同胞家系贝壳珍珠质颜色分析

合浦珠母贝（Pinctada fucata）小片贝的珍珠质颜色直接影响育珠贝所产珍珠的颜色。每个合浦珠母贝的珍珠质颜色都有自己的颜色特征值,即三刺激值和颜色参数。试验选择16个合浦珠母贝全同胞家系,用CSE成像分析色度系统测量并比较各家系左壳内侧外缘珍珠质颜色参数Lab和三刺激值,以筛选适合做插核小片贝的家系。珍珠质的颜色参数明度（L）为98.586～105.234,其中F16家系的明度最大,F3家系的明度最小;a（红绿色品）为-0.967～-6.577,b（黄蓝色品）为5.915～11.237,F14家系色品最偏向于绿色（-a）,F16家系色品最偏向于黄色（b）。F3和F14家系贝壳外缘珍珠质的色差（ΔEab）最大（7.885）,肉眼能明显觉察。16个家系的合浦珠母贝都属于白色系列,其中离白光中心最近（a2＋b2最小）且个体颜色集中的F1家系最适合用作小片贝来选育培养。     

Prevalence of dog erythrocyte antigens in retired racing Greyhounds

Background: Blood groups in dogs are designated as dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and Dal. There is limited information about the frequency of different antigens in Greyhound dogs, despite their frequent use as blood donors. Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the frequencies of DEA 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 in Greyhounds, to compare the frequencies with those of non‐Greyhound dogs, and to evaluate the presence of naturally occurring anti‐DEA antibodies. Methods: Blood was collected from 206 Greyhound and 66 non‐Greyhound dogs being screened as potential blood donors. Blood‐typing was performed at Animal Blood Resources International by tube agglutination utilizing polyclonal anti‐DEA antibodies. Results: Of the Greyhound dogs, 27/206 (13.1%) were positive for DEA 1.1, and this frequency was significantly lower (P<.0001) than for non‐Greyhound dogs of which 40/66 (60.6%) were DEA 1.1‐positive. The frequency of positivity for both DEA 1.1 and 1.2 was also lower in Greyhounds (P<.0001). There were no significant differences between Greyhounds and non‐Greyhounds for DEA 1.2, 3, 4, 5, or 7. All 137 dogs (113 Greyhounds and 24 non‐Greyhounds) that were evaluated for naturally occurring anti‐DEA antibodies in serum were negative. A higher percentage of Greyhound dogs (57.3%, 118/206) were considered “universal donors” (negative for all DEAs except DEA 4) compared with non‐Greyhound dogs (28%, 13/46). Conclusion: The frequency of positivity for DEA 1.1 in our population of Greyhounds was significantly lower than previously reported for dogs. Furthermore, a large majority of Greyhounds met the criteria for universal donors.     

不同因素对接种甲流疫苗献血者高效价甲流抗体产生的影响及意义

目的探讨不同因素对接种甲流疫苗献血者高效价甲流抗体产生的影响。方法用ELISA法检测东莞市986例接种甲流疫苗的无偿献血者的抗H1N1IgG,同时应用效价为320的高效价对照血清光密度作为筛查高效价甲流抗体血清的参照值。结果高效价率和高效价S／CO值在不同性别和年龄组间差异无统计学意3L（P〉0．05）,但接种时间71—90姐的高效价率和高效价S／CO值明显高于接种时间31～50d和51～70d组（P〈0．05）。结论高效价甲流抗体的产生与接种时间有关,而与性别、年龄无关。     

供体细胞不同性别和处理方式对异种克隆牦牛胚胎发育的影响

以黄牛(Bos taurus)卵母细胞为受体,牦牛(Bos grummiens)耳成纤维细胞为核供体进行体细胞核移植,研究供体细胞性别、细胞周期同期化处理方式及冷冻对异种克隆牦牛胚胎发育的影响.结果显示,雄性供体细胞的异种克隆牦牛囊胚发育率显著高于雌性供体细胞(56.6% vs 39.5%,P<0.05),但卵裂率和囊胚细胞数差异不显著;血清饥饿和接触抑制提供的供体细胞对异种克隆牦牛胚胎发育率和胚胎质量的影响没有明显差别;供体细胞冷冻-解冻组的克隆胚胎卵裂率明显低于新鲜消化组(54.5% vs 78.2%,P<0.05),但两组之间的囊胚率和囊胚细胞数没有显著差异.说明供体细胞的性别对异种克隆牦牛囊胚发育有影响,而同期化处理和细胞冷冻对异种克隆牦牛囊胚发育影响很小.     

供核细胞对绵羊体细胞克隆效率的影响

【目的】在制作克隆胚胎时,供核细胞直接制约着重构胚的融合数量和发育潜力。研究供核细胞对绵羊体细胞对克隆效率的影响。【方法】从供核细胞的静置时间,研究传代次数与周期处理,供核细胞不同克隆株,不同羊源细胞等,以重构胚融合率和囊胚发育率为检测指标,判定单因素供核细胞对克隆胚胎的影响。【结果】在供核细胞静置时间方面,供核细胞静置15~30 min内完成重构胚制作的融合率极显著高于静置2 h左右的供核细胞组(90.10% vs 78.84%)(P< 0. 01),但囊胚率差异不显著(15.58%vs 14.65%)(P＞0.05);在供核细胞传代次数(d1~d3)和汇合期生长时间方面(24 and 48 h ),各组的融合率差异不显著(70.37%、76.03%、71.92% vs 72.97%)(P＞0.05),但囊胚率有增高的趋势(5.96%、9.06%、15.85% vs 20.16%);在同一供核细胞不同克隆株方面,供核细胞对融合率和囊胚率存在显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)的影响;在不同个体方面,供核细胞株对融合率和囊胚率存在极显著的影响(P<0.01)。【结论】15~30 min内的静置供核细胞、传代3次并延长汇合期细胞生长时间(48 h),多选细胞株更有利于克隆胚的制作。     

Untersuchungen über den Einfluβ individueller Merkmale der Spenderkuh auf die Entwicklungskapazität von Rindereizellen nach In-vitro-Befruchtung

Inhalt: Bovine Oozyten wurden getrennt nach Spenderkühen in vitro maturiert, befruchtet und kultiviert. Die durchschnittlich pro Spendertier gewonnene Zahl an Eizellen sowie die erreichten Teilungs- und Weiterentwicklungsraten wurden auf ihre Abhängigkeit von Rasse und Abgangsursache der Spenderkuh, Funktionszustand der Ovarien sowie die Zuhl der Oozyten pro Kultivierungseinheit untersucht.
Eizellen von Kühen der Rasse Deutsche Schwarzbunte erreichten eine signifikant höhere Anzahl an transfertauglichen Embryonen als Eizellen yon Fleckviehkühen (32% vs. 28%). Aus Ovarien von tragenden Kühen konnten signifikant mehr Eizellen gewonnen werden als aus zyklischen Kühen (23,2 Eizellen/Tier gegenüber 13,6 bis 15,5 Eizellen/Tier), und die Embryonenausbeute nach IVF war signifikant höher (36% transfertaugliche Stadien gegenüber 22 bis 28% bei den anderen Kühen).
Bei chronisch erkrankten Spenderkühen waren sowohl die Teilungs- als auch die Weiterentwicklungsraten der in vitro befruchteten Oozyten herabgesetzt (Teilungsrate zwischen 43 und 53%; 16 bis 24% transfertaugliche Stadien). Mit steigender Zuhl von Eizellen pro Einzeltier, d.h. pro Kultivierungseinheit stieg der Anteil an transfertauglichen Stadien signifikant an (von 25 auf 33%).     

供体核和受体胞质在核移植重构胚重编程中的研究进展

供体核和受体胞质是影响核移植重构胚重编程的主要因素.文章讨论了供体细胞中的成熟促进因子、形态、核仁结构、组蛋白变化及其DNA甲基化和受体胞质在核移植重构胚重编程中的作用,并且综述了几种促进核移植重编程的方法.     

马尾松林下常见草本、灌木对其苗木生理活性的化感影响

用枯落物浸提液生物鉴定的方法,研究马尾松林下常见草本、灌木种对其幼苗生理活性的化感作用。结果表明：两供体对受体光合色素含量和质膜相对透性的影响,总体表现为促进作用;对受体光合速率和蒸腾速率的影响,基本表现为抑制效应。对氮吸收的影响草本表现出微弱的抑制效应,灌木表现出高促低抑的作用规律;对磷吸收的影响两供体表现出相反的作用趋势,而对受体钾元素的吸收,两者均表现出一定的促进效应。     

Quality and germination capacity of seed material harvested from an Arrhenatherion meadow

Arrhenatherion meadows are an endangered type of semi‐natural grassland in Europe, and their conservation and restoration is an important policy objective. Recent research has led to development of techniques for harvesting seed material from regional donor sites and strategies for re‐establishment of species‐rich grassland, but their practical application requires that consumers are guaranteed sufficient seed quality of directly harvested material. Methods for the evaluation of purity, thousand seed weight (TSW) and germination capacity were developed and tested, a pre‐condition to define the optimal seeding rate for this vegetation type (2000–3000 seeds m^?2). The assessment was based on seed obtained by two harvesting techniques: on‐site threshing (OST) and seed stripping (SS). Materials from both methods obtained 63% pure seeds. The TSW differed significantly between harvesting methods: the OST provided greater seed weight (1·057 g) than the SS (0·84 g). Two trials were implemented to define criteria for the germination capacity test. Organic growing media obtained the best and most homogenous results in a first comparative germination test. In the second trial, different dormancy‐breaking treatments were compared, each with and without pre‐chilling, namely: addition of potassium nitrate (KNO₃), addition of gibberellic acid (GA3) and without addition of chemicals (WA). The germination capacity of the treated variants KNO₃, GA3 and pre‐chilling was lower than that for WA. The harvesting method significantly influenced quality and quantity of the seed material, whereas the substrate and dormancy‐breaking treatments had no effect.