甘蓝型油菜小孢子培养影响因素的研究

本实验对四川成都生态区甘蓝型油菜进行游离小孢子培养,对小孢子培养的影响因素作了系统研究,结果表明：小孢子形成阶段的温度及昼夜温差、花蕾消毒液、小孢子培养浓度及株龄都是影响小孢子胚产量的因素,小孢子形成阶段的温度以10-15℃,昼夜温差5℃左右胚产量最高达到300枚/蕾,温度低于5℃或高于20℃胚产量都较低甚至不出胚;花蕾消毒液以0.1%的Hgcl2效果较好,培养浓度以3-4蕾/皿较好;2009年成都生态环境下,株龄从125天到150天,胚产量随着株龄增加而增加,到141天达到最高,后逐渐下降。     

供体细胞的不同处理方法对牛核移植重构胚发育能力的影响

为了研究供体细胞不同的处理方法对核移植重构胚的作用，比较了用于保种的冻存和新鲜的成纤维细胞做供体细胞、供体细胞不同的离心转数、供体细胞不同的血清饥饿时间及用本实验室冻存的成纤维细胞，解冻复苏后，不同传代次数对重构胚的影响。结果表明分别用冷冻保存的和新鲜的成纤维细胞作为核供体，所得重构胚卵裂率、囊胚率无显著差（P>0.05）；供体细胞离心800 r/min时所得重构胚效果较好，离心1500 r/min所得重构胚的卵裂率、囊胚率与其他3组相比较低；血清饥饿3～5 d组所得重构胚比其他3组好；用解冻复苏后再传2、5代的细胞进行核移植，所得重构胚的卵裂率、囊胚率无明显差异(P>0.05)，显著高于传8代的细胞所得重构胚。说明供体细胞的不同处理方法对核移植重构胚发育有很重要的影响。     

溶葡萄球菌素基因乳腺特异表达载体的构建与检测及转基因核供体细胞的制备

本研究旨在构建溶葡萄球菌素基因牛乳腺特异表达载体(pEPB),转染牛胎儿成纤维细胞,为制备溶葡萄球菌素基因的转基因克隆牛提供核供体细胞.本研究以pEGFP-C1为载体骨架,通过PCR扩增牛2.6 kb的β-酪蛋白5′调控区及0.6 kb的3′侧翼区(poly A)序列作为调控序列,制备成含有绿色荧光和新霉素筛选标记的牛乳腺特异表达载体,经PCR和酶切鉴定正确后,用转染试剂FuGene HD反复转染牛pEPB乳腺上皮细胞3～5次,用催乳素诱导后,经免疫荧光分析,检测目的蛋白的表达.然后,用电转染法转染牛胎儿成纤维细胞,经G418筛选得到阳性细胞后,把阳性细胞扩大培养并提取其基因组,因为溶葡萄球菌素基因是外源基因,经PCR及Southern blot 检测来确定目的基因是否已经整合到细胞的基因组上.结果表明,溶葡萄球菌素基因在牛乳腺细胞中得到了表达,并整合到牛胎儿成纤维细胞的基因组中,得到了转溶葡萄球菌索基因的核供体细胞.结果显示,本研究所获得的转基因牛胎儿成纤维细胞可作为体细胞核移植的供体细胞进行转基因克隆牛研究.     

5-羟甲基糠醛选择性加氢制备2,5-二甲基呋喃的研究进展

鉴于2,5-二甲基呋喃(DMF)优良的理化性质、重要的应用价值和广阔的市场前景,着重从氢气、甲酸、醇类和水等不同氢供体的角度入手,系统归纳和总结了自2007年以来5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)选择性加氢制备DMF的催化反应体系及其最新的研究进展,并对今后HMF选择性加氢制备DMF的研究前景进行了展望。     

猪核移植供体细胞的分离培养及传代的研究

通过对猪的卵丘细胞和胎儿成纤维细胞的分离、培养和传代的研究,摸索出一套猪体细胞的分离、培养和传代的方法,建立了猪的供体细胞系。研究结果表明:猪的卵丘细胞单层的生长需要5~6 d;运用组织块法和酶消化法获得胎儿成纤维细胞,组织块法单层的生长需要10~11 d,酶消化法需要8~9 d。猪的卵丘细胞和胎儿成纤维细胞均可以建立并获得稳定的细胞系,这些供体细胞培养方法的应用可为猪体细胞核移植研究提供丰富的供体细胞材料来源。     

Genotypic and exogenous factors affecting shoot regeneration from anther callus of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Summary The objective of this study was to investigate factors affecting the regeneration capacity of linseed anther culture. Four different environmental conditions in a phytotron were tested with regard to their effects on anther donor plants of cv. Hella. Anther response and shoot regeneration from anther callus was maximal when donor plants were grown in a 16 hrs-day at 14°C day/8°C night temperature. Anthers of four linseed genotypes were cultured on different media. Maximum shoot regeneration was achieved when the induced calli were transferred onto a modified N6 medium containing zeatin (1 mg l^-1). Most of the calli regenerated shoots in the second subculture on regeneration media. Shoots were rooted on modified B5 or MS media containing NAA (0.1 mg l^-1). Cytological examinations of incubated anthers and root tips of regenerated plants indicated that the anther calli were derived from microspores.Abbreviations B5 Gamborg's (1975) medium - BAP 6-benzylaminopurine - 2,4D dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - N6 Chu's (1978) medium - NAA -naphthaleneacetic acid - MS Murashige & Skoog's (1962) medium - ZEA zeatin     

Effects of donor plant temperature,photoperiod, and age on anther culture response of Capsicum annuum L.

Summary Effects of temperature and photoperiod for donor plant growth on embryo formation in Capsicum annuum anther culture were investigated. Donor plants were grown in glasshouses at minimum temperatures between 16 and 30° C and at photoperiods between 11 and 19 h. Anthers were collected from individual plants over five to nine week periods to test the significance of donor plant age. Embryos were obtained at all temperature regimes with a calculated optimum temperature of 26.4° C. Embryo formation was unaffected by the photoperiods tested. Embryo formation varied among successive samplings. However, a significant decline in anther culture response with increasing donor plant age was observed in all three experiments.Abbreviations AT average air temperature the week before anther incubation - EMB 100 1n (embryos per 100 anthers +1)     

用于杂交种改良的群体的遗传评价

用于杂交种改良的供体亲本的选择一直是人为的,没有完善的数量遗传理论指导。本文采用数量性状基因分组的概念,依据加性——显性模型,给出了评价群体供体亲本的9个遗传参数,可以有效地指导杂交种改良:①EP_4值较大的群体可作为供体亲本;②若 Cp_2+Dq_s>Cq_2+DP_s,则应用群体 P 改良 I_1,反之,则应用 P 改良 I_2;③可以运用遗传参数进行杂交种改良的育种决策;④显性度大小对于育种决策有重要影响。     

供体PGCs在鸡-鸭嵌合体胚胎性腺外的发育

通过微注射法将鸡原始生殖细胞 (PGCs)注入到鸭的胚盘下腔中 ,用鸡 W染色体 DNA探针通过原位杂交的方法对供体 PGCs在嵌合体胚胎性腺外的发育作了研究。结果表明 ,所取的 4 8枚胚胎中 ,有 18.8%的脑内和 2 3.9%的神经管周围出现了阳性信号     

转基因猪研究中供体母猪激素水平与胚胎发育阶段的关系

选择３６头青年母猪进行超数排卵，发现孕酮含量与黄体数（排卵点数）呈显著相关（ｒ＿１＝０．４４４１，ｐ＜０．０１）；但与冲出胚胎数没有相关（ｒ＿２＝０．２２９６，Ｐ＞０．０５）；与２细胞以上胚胎数（不包括２细胞）均表现出强正相关（ｒ＿３＝０．６６９２，Ｐ＜０．０１）。因此，孕酮含量在一定程度上可作为胚胎发育阶段的指标。