黑麦优良基因在小麦育种中的应用

黑麦属蕴藏着许多对改良小麦有用的基因资源,将黑麦的优良基因导入小麦不仅可以拓宽小麦的遗传基础,而且可以有效改良小麦的产量、品质、抗性及适应性等性状。为了了解目前黑麦在小麦遗传育种中的研究现状,本文从黑麦基因导入小麦的途径、黑麦基因资源在小麦中的鉴定以及黑麦基因资源在小麦中的应用前景三方面总结论述了黑麦优良基因在小麦育种中的应用,以期促进黑麦优良基因向小麦中转移,深入开拓和利用黑麦基因资源。     

Revealing Genetic Relationship and Prospecting of Novel Donors Among Upland Rice Genotypes Using qDTY-Linked SSR Markers

A total of 17 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to QTLs (qDTYs) governing grain yield under reproductive stage (RS) drought stress were used to assess the genetic relationship and prospecting new donors for qDTYs among 32 popular upland rice genotypes. These SSR markers generated a total of 36 alleles with an average allele count of 2.1 per locus. Polymorphic information content value of the markers ranged from 0.376 to 0.662 with an average value of 0.484. The expected heterozyogosity ranged from 0.381 to 0.632. STRUCTURE analysis divided the 32 genotypes into three sub-populations. Subsequent phenotyping revealed that all the tolerant genotypes were grouped into one sub-population, whereas the moderately tolerant and susceptible genotypes were grouped into separate sub-populations. Phylogenetic tree constructed by the unweighted neighbour-joining method also divided the genotypes into three clusters. The grouping pattern of genotypes into the clusters was similar to that into the STRUCTURE analysis, on the basis of drought tolerance level. The average value of genetic dissimilarity coefficient among the genotypes was observed to be 0.486. Furthermore, by combining genotyping data with phenotyping data, 16 new donors for 6 qDTYs were identified.     

动物营养中胆碱同其它甲基供体间的关系

本文概述了胆碱、甜菜碱和蛋氨酸三种甲基供体的特性与共性;它们之间的代谢关系;饲养实践中的添加效应以及相互替代值。作者认为,日粮中必须含有一定数量的胆碱和蛋氨酸,分别用于合成磷脂和蛋白质。甜菜碱作为一种有效的甲基供体和抗应激剂,有明显的饲用效果。所谓甜菜碱替代蛋氨酸并非指生化途径可以替代,而只是反应在生产指标方面的相同或相近的效应,这种替代效应还受动物本身和日粮类型等因素的影响。