Cities vs countryside: An example of a science-based peri-urban landscape features rehabilitation in Milan (Italy)

Urban-rural boundaries are often abrupt and unmitigated, a trait that significantly enhances their ecological vulnerability. Nonetheless, such fringe systems enclose a high potential in furnishing buffering and resilience functions and services towards the city. Our study intends to give a contribution on the understanding of the ecological behaviour of peri-urban landscape features (PLFs) systems, showing how floristic-vegetational and landscape ecology studies can inform their multi-functional phytocoenoses ecological reconfiguring. Analyses were led among a fringe context of Milan city. An agri-environmental extra-local scale analysis framed the forthcoming finer scale results. Landscape mosaic structural and functional main traits were interpreted, outlining a current impairment of the landscape system capacity to support ecological functions across the area. In parallel, floristic traits were studied through chorological, life forms and Ellenberg’s ecogram analysis (total flora and single sub-areas values). The main phytocoenoses types were qualitatively described and related to the dynamic patterns of reference vegetation series. Results highlighted a significant deterioration of floristic-vegetational traits, if compared to the local potential. Recurrent anthropic disturbances, open space conditions were identified as the major impact factor on phytoconoeses evolution towards higher diversity, complexity and stability traits. Spontaneous recolonization processes were acknowledged as currently unable to change these trends, while past reforestation interventions showed positive effects. These results informed the building of a functional-dynamic interpretative approach, focused on the ecological roles and physical habitat conditions currently influencing phytocoenoses dynamics, and on which to intervene. Accordingly, the current and potential ecological functions of 9 key PLFs categories were inspected. Consequently, design criterions for corrective interventions were outlined. This brought to the identification of the optimal structural and functional patterns of PLFs to be integrated throughout the urban-rural boundary, as well as their floristic-vegetational design specificities, by pursuing a rebalancing effect on the peri-urban agroecosystem inner complexity and environmental stability parameters.     

黑龙江省冰雹灾害时空特征分析

为了了解黑龙江省冰雹灾害的历史特征,基于灰色理论和气象灾害普查资料对黑龙江省冰雹灾害的时空分布特征进行分析。结果表明:黑龙江省冰雹灾害主要发生在5～9月份,4月和10月发生较少,以5～6月最多,7、9月次之。冰雹频次随着时间推移有缓慢减少的趋势,冰雹导致的农作物受灾面积和可比经济损失在20世纪90年代前期以前较多,中期减少,后期略有增加。黑龙江省冰雹灾害划分为重雹灾区、中雹灾区、轻雹灾区和微雹灾区。重雹灾区包括佳木斯市、绥化市、鸡西市、黑河市、鹤岗市、哈尔滨市和齐齐哈尔市;轻雹灾区和微雹灾区位于黑龙江省北部的伊春市和大兴安岭地区。重灾区是黑龙江省粮食主产区、经济发达、文化繁荣、人口密集,气象灾害的承载体极其脆弱;轻灾区以林业为主,农业种植面积非常小,而且人口密度相对稀疏,因此冰雹灾害影响较轻。     

基于自动气象站的乡镇级灾害风险区划初探

以宁夏海原县干旱灾害风险区划为例,利用12个区域站和1个大监站气象观测资料,综合考虑孕灾环境、致灾因子、承灾体和抗灾能力,采用AHP层次分析法赋权重,并将信息栅格化后使用ArcGIS进行重采样、插值及栅格计算,实现250 m格网分辨率的海原县干旱灾害风险区划。结果表明：海城、关桥和甘城3镇为干旱灾害风险高风险区,而保灌率较高的七营、郑旗、李旺和降水量大的关庄为干旱灾害的低发区。此研究为海原县城的迁移提供了佐证,也为海原县未来农业产业结构调整和远景规划提供了技术支撑。     

2008年持续低温降雪冻雨对梁子湖流域鸟类的影响调查

2008年1月,梁子湖流域遭遇历时罕见的持续低温降雪冻雨极端天气,304km~2梁子湖冰冻封湖15 d。地面持续冰雪覆盖,导致鸟类生境结构破坏,生境资源不可利用,最终因长时间食物匮乏和冷害的双重影响出现严重灾害性死亡。涉及鸟类22科42种,流域内数量损失30万～40万只。     

甘肃省草原灾害评价与预警决策信息系统研究

通过对甘肃省草原的基本概况、灾害类型及灾害成因进行分析,利用GIS的分析与决策方法,建立基于WebGIS的草原灾害预警决策信息系统,从而实现甘肃省草原灾害的信息化与可视化。     

荒溪灾害危险区制图技术的研究

荒溪灾害危险区制图（长期预报）是同荒溪分类一并进行治理山区、建设山区、防治荒溪灾害、实现山区可持续发展战略的一项基础性工作。本研究介绍了荒溪灾害危险区制图的具体方法，并已在整个北京山区推广实施，为我国荒溪灾害预报场地的基础危险性研究做了一项行之有效的工作。     

浅谈城市绿地对地震灾害的作用

本文系统探讨了城市绿地和地震灾害的概念,并分析了城市绿地对地震灾害的防灾减灾原理及作用,从地震灾害的防灾减灾的角度提出了城市绿地规划的技术措施,用城市绿地规划的手段为城市防灾减灾规划提供科学依据。     

山西省实施封禁治理的做法与效果

水土保持综合治理中的封禁治理 ,是恢复生态、改善环境最有效、最快捷的办法。近年来山西省在封禁治理中进行的探索与实践 ,已取得良好的社会效果 ,促进了社会生产力的发展和生产关系的调整 ,引发了一系列深刻的变化。封禁治理需要一定的扶持资金作为保障 ,须建立起高素质的科技服务体系     

ANN Disaster Identifying of Wujiawan Landslide in Wanzhou Urban

The paper aims at ANN disaster-possibility identifying of Wujiawan Landslide. ANN construction and parameter setup are analyzed for landslide disaster identifying by ANN, based on a typical landslide-Wujiawan landslide in Wanzhou urban, by confirming evaluation factor and establishing sample data. The ANN model is trained by the similar landslide sample in Wanzhou urban, then the disaster is identified in several different conditions of Wujiawan landslide. Finally, the same conclusion are found by analyzing combined ANN Disaster-Identifying and limit-equilibrium-method calculation. The results show that AAN is accurate and satisfied to be used landslide disaster-possibility identifying.     

Plant nutrients in a degraded soil treated with water treatment sludge and cultivated with grasses and leguminous plants

The objective of this work was to evaluate rates for applications of water treatment sludge (WTS) as a nutrient source for grasses and leguminous plants cropped in a soil degraded by tin mining in the Amazon Region (Natural Forest of Jamari, Rondonia State, Brazil). The treatments consisted of three rates of nitrogen supplied by WTS (100, 150 and 200 mg kg⁻¹ soil), five combinations of plants, two controls (absolute control, without fertilization; and chemical control, soil+lime+chemical fertilizers). WTS modified the contents of macro and micronutrients in the degraded soil, but it was not, as used in the present study, sufficient for the rehabilitation of the degraded area.