肉牛呼吸系统疾病的诊断与防治

肉牛呼吸系统疾病是由环境因素(如断奶、运输、混群、阉割、拥挤和通风不良)、宿主自身因素和病原体等诸多因素相互作用引发的呼吸系统综合症。罹病牛日增重减少、饲料转化率降低、胴体质量下降和防治成本增加。在肉牛养殖业中,该病发病率和死亡率均较高,对世界肉牛养殖业造成巨大经济损失。文章介绍了发达国家和我国对肉牛呼吸系统疾病诊断、治疗和预防的近期研究进展,旨在为其有效防治提供参考。     

犬传染性肝炎的诊断与防治

由犬传染性肝炎病毒(CAV-Ⅰ)引起的疾病在犬、狐、熊等动物中有很强的致病性。犬传染性肝炎病毒主要引起犬传染性肝炎和熊、狐脑炎。该病毒广泛分布于全世界,是对犬业、毛皮动物养殖业危害最大的疫病之一。本文主要就CAV-Ⅰ的流行状况、诊断及免疫作一简介。     

Evaluation of the Abbott LCx Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Assay for Direct Detection of Mycobacterium Bovis in Bovine Tissue Samples

The commercial LCx amplification assay, usually employed to detect the Myocobacterium tuberculosis complex in respiratory specimens, was evaluated by comparing the results it gave with those obtained using Löwenstein-Jensen solid medium and pathological findings on 55 lymph nodes from cattle with positive and 10 lymph nodes from cattle with negative skin tests for tuberculosis. Fifty-three cultures (51 and 2, respectively) were positive for M. bovis, while the results for the LCx assay and the histological method were positive in 48 (45, 3) and 24 (20, 4) samples, respectively. None of the samples from cattle from certified tuberculosis-free herds were positive by any of the procedures. The results obtained with the LCx assay, compared with the culture procedure, regarded as the gold standard among the diagnostic techniques, gave a specificity of 91.6% and sensitivity of 90.5%. Although the sensitivity of LCx was suboptimal, DNA of M. bovis was detected in 81.8% of the skin test-positive animals. Amplification techniques could provide a rapid and reasonably reliable tool for detecting bovine tuberculosis.     

兔肺炎双球菌病的病原分离鉴定及治疗

2013年山东滨州市某兔场发生仔兔高病死率、母兔流产的疾病。为了诊断治疗该病,本试验采集病死兔肺脏进行病原的分离,通过病原分离、形态学观察、生理生化试验、溶血试验、药敏试验等试验,证实分离菌为肺炎双球菌。该菌具有α-溶血性,对青霉素、头孢吡肟、阿米卡星等药物敏感;动物回归试验成功复制出兔肺炎双球菌病,症状典型,病理剖检变化明显。根据临床症状和药敏试验结果,用青霉素等药物进行治疗,病情得到有效控制。     

Comparison of commercial and locally developed layers’ performance and egg size prediction using regression tree method

The aim of this study is to compare the hen-day egg production (HDEP) (%), egg size (ES) (g), feed intake (FI) (g), bodyweight (BWT) (kg), body weight gain (BWTG) (g), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed utilization (FU), and mortality of imported and local commercial egg layers from one to 20 wk of lay, as well as to predict their egg sizes. Two-thousand-six-hundred Hy-line Silver Brown commercial layers (imported) and 2,470 Boschveld indigenous commercial layers (local) were reared from d old to 44 wk of age and fed the same diet throughout. ANOVA was used to test their effects due to the strains, and the CHAID algorithm of regression tree method was used to predict the ES. The local strain came into lay first at wk 20, while the imported came into lay at 21 wk of age. The imported layers performed better in ES, FI, HDEP, BWTG, and FCR (P < 0.05) throughout the laying period, while the local layers were better (P < 0.05) in BWT with higher mortality than the imported. Also, the imported layers performed better in FU (P < 0.05) at wk 4, 8, and 24. Among the imported, the highest ES (58.116 g) was obtained from chickens with HDEP of 13.266 < HDEP < 20.35 and FI of 137.95 < FI< 138.176, while in the local layers, the highest ES (54.802 g) was obtained from chickens with HDEP of 37.876 < HDEP < 47.802.     

奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌刃天青微量板快速诊断及药敏试验

为了建立奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌快速诊断与药敏试验方法,用刃天青钠取代大肠杆菌选择培养基MQQ中的酚红指示剂,通过对刃天青的工作浓度、大肠杆菌接种量和培养时间等参数的研究,建立了奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌刃天青微量板快速诊断方法.将不同细菌及其感染模拟奶样进行刃天青微量板快速培养结果显示,此刃天青微量板对大肠杆菌具有很强的选择培养特性,能在10 h内获得明确诊断结果,并能反映奶牛乳腺大肠杆菌感染强度.对89份临床奶样进行大肠杆菌刃天青微量板快速诊断敏感性和特异性检测,结果显示,此刃天青微量板法诊断大肠杆菌阳性奶样敏感性高达100%,诊断大肠杆菌阴性奶样特异性高达94.9%,总符合率高达95.5%.在此基础上用矫正浓度10种抗生素包被微量板,分别用10株大肠杆菌纯培养菌株及其感染模拟奶样和10份大肠杆菌阳性奶样进行快速药敏试验,所获结果与标准纸片扩散法完全一致.这些研究结果表明,本研究建立的刃天青微量板法可以取代常规方法用于奶样大肠杆菌的快速诊断及药敏试验.     

禽坦布苏病毒研究进展

禽坦布苏病毒(avian Tembusu virus,ATMUV)是一种主要引起蛋鸭发病的新发病毒性传染病,该病毒自2010年4月以来给中国东南沿海地区的养鸭业造成了巨大经济损失,该病毒也可感染鸡、鹅等多种家禽发病.文章综述了ATMUV的病原学、流行病学、生物学特性、基因组学、诊断技术和疫苗研发的研究现状及前景,为进一步研究ATMUV提供参考.     

犬产后惊厥的诊断和治疗

犬产后惊厥是小动物临床经常发生的产科疾病。该病表现为体温升高、呼吸急促、全身痉挛,容易误诊,治疗不及时甚至造成死亡。在小动物临床上要注意该病的诊断、治疗和预防。