溴虫腈在不同溶剂中的光化学降解

研究了高压汞灯光源下溴虫腈在不同溶剂中的光化学降解特性及其影响因素。在室内模拟条件下,初始质量浓度为2 mg/L的溴虫腈在纯水中的光解半衰期为25.86 min,在1~10 mg/L范围内,其光解速率随初始浓度的增大而降低;溴虫腈在pH值为5、7和9的缓冲溶液中的光解半衰期分别为42.52、24.49和32.39 min,即其在中性条件下光解最快;不同形态含氮离子(NO2-、NO3-、NH4+)对溴虫腈的光解均表现为抑制作用,且在离子质量浓度＜20 mg/L时,NO3-、NO2-的抑制作用较强,≥20 mg/L时则NH4+的抑制作用较强;溴虫腈在不同有机溶剂中的光解速率从大到小依次为:正己烷>甲醇>乙酸乙酯>丙酮,其光解速率与有机溶剂的极性大小无关。研究结果可为溴虫腈的环境风险评价提供参考。     

青海省玛多县草地退化原因及畜牧业可持续发展

在玛多县草地退化现状的基础上,综合分析了草地退化的原因,并提出了玛多县畜牧业可持续发展的策略.     

Effect of ERK1/2/c-Fos signal pathway on angiotensin-(1-7) inhibiting proliferation of rat glomerular mesangial cell strain induced by angiotensin Ⅱ

AIM: To investigate the effect of ERK1/2/c-Fos signal pathway during angiotensin-(1-7) inhibiting proliferation of rat glomerular mesangial cell strain (GMCS) induced by angiotensin Ⅱ. METHODS: Rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) were co-cultured with angiotensin Ⅱ and different doses of angiotensin-(1-7). The numbers of GMC were evaluated by crystal violet staining. The amounts of p-ERK1/2 and c-Fos expressions were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: Angiotensin- (1-7) showed its inhibitory effects on GMC number increasing induced by angiotensin Ⅱ as well as the amounts of p-ERK1/2 and c-Fos expressions in a concentration dependent manner. CONCLUSION: ERK/c-Fos signal pathway is involved in the inhibitory effects of angiotensin-(1-7) on angiotensin Ⅱ -induced GMC proliferation.     

Cepharanthine induces autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells

AIM: To investigate the autophagy of human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells induced by cepharanthine and to explore its mechanism. METHODS: The effect of cepharanthine on the viability of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells was measured by CCK-8 assay. The SKOV3 cells were treated with cepharanthine, and then the formation of autophagosome was observed with acridine orange staining under fluorescence microscope. The protein levels of LC3, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR, p-mTOR and GAPDH in the SKOV3 cells treated with cepharanthine were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: Cepharanthine significantly inhibited the viability of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). The number of the intracellular acidic autophagosomes with bright red fluorescence was significantly increased after cepharanthine treatment in the SKOV3 cells. The expression of LC3-Ⅱ in SKOV3 cells was significantly enhanced after cepharanthine treatment. Furthermore, treatment with cepharanthine in the SKOV3 cells also resulted in a significant down-regulation of phosphorylated form of AKT and mTOR (P<0.01), while the total protein level was not changed. Combination of cepharanthine and 3-methyladenine resulted in a substantial decrease in the cell viability compared with using cepharanthine alone.CONCLUSION: Cepharanthine significantly inhibits the growth of human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells and induces the autophagy, which may be correlated with down-regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.     

外源ACC通过激活乙烯合成及信号转导诱导小豆抗锈性

大量研究表明, 乙烯可激发植物对死体营养型真菌的抗性, 但我们前期研究发现, 乙烯合成前体ACC可提高小豆对活体营养型真菌——锈菌的抗性, 为初步明确其机制, 本研究分析了ACC处理对小豆乙烯合成及信号转导的影响, 结果表明, ACC处理显著提高了乙烯合成基因VaACS1及信号通路关键基因VaEIN2?VaEIN3?VaERF5的表达水平?此外, ACC处理后再接种锈菌, 小豆锈病的发病程度显著降低?对接种锈菌后不同时间VaPR2和VaPR4的表达分析表明, 相比ACC处理后不接种对照, ACC处理后再接种锈菌的处理, 接种后1~5 d这两个基因表达量显著升高; 与水处理不接种锈菌相比, 水处理接种锈菌5~8 d后VaPR2和VaPR4的表达量虽显著上调, 但应答时间较ACC处理滞后, 且总体表达水平低, 表明ACC激活乙烯通路进而诱导防卫反应基因上调表达是其诱导小豆抗锈性的关键?     

Effects of naringenin on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress and its related apoptotic pathways in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury

AIM To observe the effect of naringenin on cardiac injury in ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） rats, and to explore whether the role of naringenin is involved in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress and its related apoptotic pathways. METHODS SD rats （n=48） were randomly divided into sham operation （sham） group, model （I/R） group, naringenin treatment （NAR） group and naringenin+LY294002 （NL） group. Myocardial I/R injury model was prepared by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery of rats for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min. After reperfusion, the serum levels of cardiac troponin I （cTnI） was measured by ELISA. HE staining, TTC staining and TUNEL staining were used to detect the myocardial histopathological changes, myocardial infarction area and myocardial cell apoptotic rate. The mRNA levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related indicators glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78）, C/EBP homologous protein （CHOP） and caspase-12 were detected by RT-qPCR. The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, GRP78, CHOP, caspase-12, p-PI3K and p-AKT were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with I/R group, the serum content of cTnI, myocardial pathological damage, myocardial infarction area and myocardial cell apoptotic rate were significantly reduced （P<0.05）, the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 were decreased （P<0.05）, and the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT were increased in NAR group （P<0.05）. LY294002 attenuated the protective effect of naringenin to some extent. CONCLUSION Naringenin reduces myocardial I/R injury in rats possibly by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and subsequently regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and its related apoptotic pathways.     

基于康奈尔净碳水化合物与蛋白质体系的瘤胃非降解蛋白质小肠可吸收氨基酸流量的简化评定技术

本试验旨在简化基于康奈尔净碳水化合物与蛋白质体系(CNCPS)评定瘤胃非降解蛋白质(RUP)小肠可吸收氨基酸流量的技术。小肠可吸收氨基酸来自菌体蛋白和RUP,CNCPS根据溶解性将饲料粗蛋白质(CP)分为A、B1、B2、B3和C共5种组分,只有3种B组分可以过瘤胃并在小肠中消化。为评定RUP小肠可吸收氨基酸的贡献,CNCPS需要分别测定3种B组分的瘤胃降解率,3种过瘤胃B组分的小肠消化率需采用不同常数。选择18份饲料样品,其中精料12份,粗料6份,测定CNCPS评定RUP小肠可吸收氨基酸流量所需数据,同时对饲料CP的瘤胃动态降解率及不同时间点RUP的体外小肠消化率进行了测定,通过这些数据提出简化评定方法。结果表明:1)精料和粗料均以8 h的CP瘤胃降解率(X,%)与有效降解率(Y,%)间相关性最强,二者间呈线性相关,精料和粗料方程分别为Y=12.652+0.828X,r=0.990,P0.000 1和Y=10.967+0.886X,r=0.980,P=0.000 6。2)精料2 h RUP小肠消化率(X,%)与RUP小肠有效消化率(Y,%)间相关性最强,方程为Y=0.026+0.879X,r=0.970,P0.000 1;粗料8h RUP小肠消化率(X,%)与RUP小肠有效消化率(Y,%)间相关性最强,方程为Y=-0.002+0.960 X,r=0.995,P0.000 1。3)简化方案经可靠性评估得出,8 h CP瘤胃降解率和RUP小肠消化率简化CNCPS模型预测的小肠氨基酸流量(X,‰)与CNCPS预测的小肠氨基酸流量(Y,‰)相关性最强,精料方程为Y=-0.056+1.409X,r=0.999,P0.000 1;粗料方程为Y=0.003+2.120 X,r=0.999,P0.000 1。精料和粗料的简化评定结果与CNCPS评定结果的均方根误差分别为0.245和0.005,变异系数分别为7.08%和4.49%。综合得出,基于CNCPS,得到了预测RUP小肠可吸收氨基酸流量的简化模型,简化后的精料和粗料模型分别为Y=-0.056+1.409×[AA×(100-D8)×CP×ID8],r=0.999,P0.000 1和Y=0.002+2.120×[AA×(100-D8)×CP×ID8],r=0.999,P0.000 1,Y为RUP中的某种氨基酸小肠可吸收流量(‰),D8为CP的8 h瘤胃降解率(%),ID8为RUP的8 h小肠消化率(%),AA为不溶性蛋白质中该氨基酸含量(%)。     

Ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae attenuates mouse acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride via modulation of NF-κB pathway

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae on acute liver injury, and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS:Acute liver injury in mice was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of 25% carbon tetrachloride (olive oil solubilization). The effective parts of ethanol extract from Cortex Albizziae against acute liver injury were screened. The pathological changes of the liver tissues were examined by pathological sections with HE staining. The activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) of the liver tissues were detected, the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were mea-sured by ELISA, and the protein expression levels of NF-κB p65, Bcl-2 and Bax in the liver cells of the mice in each group were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with model group, the serum levels of AST and ALT in low-dose n-butanol phase of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae (AB-L, 4 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) group and high-dose n-butanol phase of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae (AB-H, 8 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) group were significantly decreased. The necrosis extent and degree of the hepatocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly lower than that in model group. Compared with model group, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in AB-H group and AB-L group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The protein level of NF-κB p65 in the nuclei of mouse liver cells in AB-H group and AB-L group were also decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the protein expression of Bax was decreased, the protein expression of Bcl-2 was increased, and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased in AB-L group and AB-H group. CONCLUSION:The n-butanol phase of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae may protect the liver by reducing the activation of NF-κB p65, inhibiting the excessive release of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, and decreasing hepatocyte apoptosis via regulating Bcl-2 and Bax expression.     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌复合菌剂对玉米秸秆的降解作用及表征

为获得能提高秸秆饲草品质的微生物发酵菌剂,本研究在前期获得2株具有木质素和纤维素降解能力的解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株的基础上,将两者混配成复合菌剂,考察复合菌剂对玉米秸秆的降解作用,并通过傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(¹H-NMR)、扫描电镜(SEM)及气质联用色谱(GC/MS)等技术对玉米秸秆的微观结构及降解产物进行表征。研究发现,复合菌剂可以有效降解玉米秸秆中的木质纤维素。在发酵24 d时,玉米秸秆中木质素、纤维素和半纤维素的降解率分别达到48.4%,30.5%和41.4%。FTIR和¹H-NMR谱图中能观察到木质纤维素分子结构中主要连接共价键,如木质素单体间的β-O-4和β-β键、木质素与碳水化合物连接键以及碳水化合物中糖环内的价键等明显断裂,木质纤维素被部分降解;SEM扫描电镜图则显示发酵后秸秆的组织结构出现松散和破坏。发酵后秸秆中小分子物质的GC/MS分析结果显示,其中包含苯丙胺和苯丙酸等保留苯丙烷结构单元的木质素单体衍生物以及苄醇和苯甲酸酯类等木质素单体被进一步降解后的芳香族化合物。玉米秸秆中碳水化合物的GC/MS分析结果表明:复合菌剂可将玉米秸秆中的结构性多糖等大分子碳水化合物降解成葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖及乳糖等还原性单糖。并利用这些还原性单糖生长代谢,进一步产生乙二醇、丙三醇及短链脂肪酸类等代谢产物。以上研究结果表明,解淀粉芽孢杆菌复合菌剂可有效降解玉米秸秆中的木质纤维素,在玉米秸秆饲草化利用中极具应用前景。     

中国黑土退化现状与防治对策

我国黑土退化现象是比较严重的 ,在当今世界各国都注重生态安全 ,努力追求可持续发展的形势下 ,有必要加大对我国黑土退化的研究。本文对中国黑土退化的现状及影响中国黑土退化的各种因素做了论述 ,并提出了中国黑土退化防治的一些措施和建议。这对于保护我国黑土资源、保障我国的粮食安全和我国黑土区的生态安全有一定的意义。