p300/p53/Smad3 pathway involved in aging-related atrial fibrosis in human atrial fibroblasts

AIM To investigate the role of p300 in aging-related atrial fibrosis in human atrial fibroblasts （HAFs） and its potential mechanism. METHODS HAFs were obtained from human left atrial tissue, and the senescence model was established by cell passage. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase （SA-β-Gal） staining was used to detect the cell senescence, and Western blot was used to determine the protein levels of p300, p53, Smad3 and other senescence and fibrosis associated proteins in HAFs. RESULTS Compared to passage 3 HAFs, the proportion of senescent cells, and the protein levels of p300, p53, p-Smad3 and other senescence and fibrosis associated proteins were increased in HAFs at passage 7 and 11 （P<0.05）. After treated with curcumin （a p300 inhibitor） or transfection with p300 small-hairpin （sh） RNA plasmid, the protein levels of p300, and the senescence and fibrosis associated proteins were decreased in HAFs at passage 7（P<0.05）. Up-regulation of p300 by transfection with p300 over-expression plasmid increased the protein levels of p53, Smad3 and MMP-2 in HAFs at passage 3 （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION p300/p53/Smad3 signaling pathway plays an important role in aging-related atrial fibrosis in HAFs.     

Effects of naringenin on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress and its related apoptotic pathways in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury

AIM To observe the effect of naringenin on cardiac injury in ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） rats, and to explore whether the role of naringenin is involved in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress and its related apoptotic pathways. METHODS SD rats （n=48） were randomly divided into sham operation （sham） group, model （I/R） group, naringenin treatment （NAR） group and naringenin+LY294002 （NL） group. Myocardial I/R injury model was prepared by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery of rats for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min. After reperfusion, the serum levels of cardiac troponin I （cTnI） was measured by ELISA. HE staining, TTC staining and TUNEL staining were used to detect the myocardial histopathological changes, myocardial infarction area and myocardial cell apoptotic rate. The mRNA levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related indicators glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78）, C/EBP homologous protein （CHOP） and caspase-12 were detected by RT-qPCR. The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, GRP78, CHOP, caspase-12, p-PI3K and p-AKT were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with I/R group, the serum content of cTnI, myocardial pathological damage, myocardial infarction area and myocardial cell apoptotic rate were significantly reduced （P<0.05）, the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 were decreased （P<0.05）, and the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT were increased in NAR group （P<0.05）. LY294002 attenuated the protective effect of naringenin to some extent. CONCLUSION Naringenin reduces myocardial I/R injury in rats possibly by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and subsequently regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and its related apoptotic pathways.     

变铅青链霉菌DNA的研究——Ⅱ.位点特异性降解与DNA修饰的关系

变铅青链霉菌的DNA上存在着一种异常的修饰,使其在含有微量Fe~(++)的缓冲液中电泳时,双链DNA遭到降解。DNA的切割是位点特异性的。与已知修饰特征的DNA进行同步试验发现,变铅青链霉菌的这种特异性修饰与目前所发现的修饰系统(如DNA甲基化)均不相同,很可能是一种新的修饰系统。     

大都市郊区土地利用时空演变特征与生境质量评价

为探究大都市郊区"土地利用-生境质量"可持续机制,以天津市郊区武清区为例,通过分析1980—2018年的土地利用数据,以In VEST模型对其进行Habitat Quality模块水平数值测度,研究京津都市圈发展对大都市郊区土地利用转型与生境质量的影响。研究结果:1)1980—2018年武清区土地利用类型以耕地为主导,但耕地面积下降明显,城镇用地和农村居民点用地面积快速增长,未利用地面积大幅缩减,林地和草地占比较小。2)武清区土地利用类型转换剧烈,耕地转移面积最大,林地和草地集中向城镇用地和农村居民点用地转移,水域集中转向耕地,城镇用地和农村居民点用地转移面积较大,未利用地转换面积较小,但转移概率最为剧烈。3)武清区土地利用综合动态度增长了2.87%,具体表现为城镇用地、农村居民点用地和水域的土地利用变化速率保持正向增长,耕地变化速率呈现负增长。4)总体上,武清区呈现出"城扩耕缩"、"人进草退"的态势,但局部年份也有"草进水进"的转态;武清区生境质量处于中等级,但中等级面积趋于下降,低等级生境质量面积趋于上升,较低等级面积较小且呈下降趋势,较高和高等级生境质量区面积趋于扩大;生境质量低值区以武清城区为核心集中分布,且零星分布于武清区东北、西北地区;生境质量高值区集中分布于武清区东部。研究表明:在我国推进新型城镇化发展,特别是加强跨区域都市圈建设中,应当严格保护大都市郊区生态源地,统筹调控大都市郊区生态安全分区,推进大都市郊区生态廊道和全域生态节点建设。     

土著B[a]P降解菌群的富集及最佳降解条件研究

为了获得能够降解苯并[a]芘(BaP)的微生物菌群,为生物修复多环芳烃污染的土壤提供菌种资源,本试验从长期石油污染的土壤中,富集了一个能够降解BaP的微生物菌群,并研究了其最佳降解条件,通过高通量测序研究了其群落结构。该菌群可以在15 d内将30 mg·L^-1的BaP降解33.34%。高通量测序的结果表明,该菌群主要由Bacillus、Zobellella、Gordonia和Rheinheimera组成,其中Bacillus是主要的降解菌。试验结果表明,该菌群的最佳降解条件为1%盐度,酵母浓度为80 mg·L^-1,pH值7.0。该菌群对芘、菲、荧蒽等多环芳烃也有一定的降解效果,其中荧蒽的降解效果最好,降解率达到99%。试验结果表明,该菌群在实际应用中具有很大的潜力。     

Remediation of amide pesticide-polluted soils by combined solarization and ozonation treatment

Agriculture has a close relationship with nature, but it can also be the source of negative and permanent environmental effects. The use of pesticides in modern agriculture is a common practice, but their side effects on the environment cannot be disregarded. In this study, we evaluated a combination of solarization and ozonation techniques for the elimination of six amide pesticides (boscalid, chlorantraniliprole, cyflufenamid, fluopyram, napropamide, and propyzamide) in soil. Initial experiments were performed with four different soils to assess the efficiency of this methodology at different soil temperatures and ozone dosages under laboratory conditions, and then a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted under controlled conditions during summer. Fifty days after the onset of the experiments, higher degradation percentages of amide pesticides were observed in ozonized soils than in other treated soils, particularly when ozone was applied at 10 cm soil depth. The results show that the utilization of ozonation, along with solarization, represents a valid method for degrading residues of the studied pesticides and suggest that this combined technology may be a promising tool for remediating pesticide-polluted soils.     

MC1R c.676A>G与山羊皮肤色素沉积的关系及其对黑色素合成的影响

为探讨山羊MC1R基因c.676A>G突变与山羊皮肤色素沉积的关系,及其对黑色素合成和cAMP信号通路下游色素相关基因表达的影响：一方面采用直接测序法检测酉州乌羊及其杂交后代群体(120个个体)MC1R基因c.676A>G的突变情况,用色差仪测量不同基因型个体的腹部皮肤色度值,分析c.676A>G突变与皮肤色素沉积的关系;另一方面,构建野生型(MC1R c.676A)和突变型(MC1R c.676G)真核表达载体,采用脂质体介导法转染到小鼠皮肤黑色素瘤细胞(B16-F10)中进行过表达,利用酶标仪检测各组细胞黑色素含量的差异,并通过实时荧光定量PCR方法检测各组细胞中cAMP信号通路下游色素相关基因(MITF、TYR、TYRP1、DCT)的表达差异性。结果显示：酉州乌羊及其杂交后代群体中,c.676A>G位点均以GG基因型占优势,不同基因型群体的皮肤色度值差异不显著(P>0.05)。MC1R突变组(MC1R c.676G)细胞中的黑色素含量极显著(P<0.05)高于MC1R野生组(MC1R c.676A)。MITF、TYRP1和DCT基因在MC1R突...     

基于生命周期评价的现代"草-羊-田"农牧循环系统调控

现代循环农业是实现农业绿色发展、推进乡村全面振兴的重要途径。但以农户经验构建而成的传统循环农业系统多缺乏精确的数据支持与参数匹配,使得系统的高效循环运行面临挑战。因此,本研究在数据采集与跟踪调研的基础上,采用生命周期评价对现代"草-羊-田"农牧循环系统进行实证研究,通过特征化、标准化与加权评估分析不同类别潜在环境影响,并计算系统模拟调控前后污染降级所需环境服务能。结果表明,饲料加工与湖羊养殖亚系统所产生的各类潜在环境影响都超过了其类别总影响的85%,远高于粮食种植和有机堆肥亚系统的;人体毒性和水体生态毒性在各亚系统中所产生的环境影响都较大,而陆地生态毒性的均最小。为实现污染降级每年所需空气、水体和土壤的环境服务能分别为7.42×1010、6.03×1016和1.59×1012J;通过耦合参数协调和关键技术优化对系统进行模拟调控,经测算与原系统相比每年所需各项环境服务能分别降低52%、44%和21%。该研究基于生命周期评价形成的适用于现代"草-羊-田"农牧循环系统并指导其整体调控的方法体系,对现代农牧循环系统的可持续发展与复制推广具有指导意义,同时可为其他现代循环农业系统的优化调整提供方法参考。     

硫酸根自由基高级氧化技术对污染场地多环芳烃的修复效果研究

硫酸根自由基高级氧化技术(sulfate radical(SO_4~(·–))based advanced oxidation processes,SR-AOPs)是一种被广泛应用于降解土壤有机污染物的原位氧化修复技术。然而,关于SR-AOPs降解土壤多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)的报道相对较少。本研究以南京某炼钢厂附近土壤作为试验样本,通过设置不同比例混合体系的过硫酸钠(Na_2S_2O_8)和亚铁离子(Fe~(2+))以及反应不同时间,探究SR-AOPs对土壤中16种PAHs的修复效果以及最佳技术方案。结果表明:Na_2S_2O_8和Fe~(2+)的配比会显著影响土壤PAHs的降解效果,当两者比例达到10︰1时,即Na_2S_2O_8用量为5 mmol/g,Fe~(2+)用量为0.5 mmol/g,反应时间为24 h时,PAHs总降解率最高,可达到29.32%;不同环数的PAHs决定了SR-AOPs的降解效果,其中SR-AOPs对四环PAHs降解效率最高,总降解率达到37.32%;此外,降解效率随反应时间增加而增加,在24 h达到效果最佳。因此,本研究结果可为SR-AOPs修复土壤PAHs提供理论依据。     

甲氰菊酯在苹果园土壤中的降解行为研究

为了评价甲氰菊酯在苹果园使用后的生态环境行为和效应,采用室内模拟方法,借助气相色谱分析技术,研究了甲氰菊酯在3种苹果园土壤中的降解半衰期与土壤理化性质和环境条件的关系。结果表明,甲氰菊酯在土壤中的降解主要是微生物降解,非生物降解所占比例较小,降解规律符合一级动力学模型,在25℃时降解半衰期为27．5～30．4d;甲氰菊酯在苹果园土壤中降解的半衰期与土壤有机质含量和土壤pH值呈显著高度负相关,常温下相关系数为0．9;综合微生物降解和非生物降解因素,苹果园土壤中甲氰菊酯降解的适宜温度是30—35℃。