Genetics of colour traits in common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)

Five parents of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) having orange/beige cotyledon colour, brown/white testa colour, purple/green seedling colour and purple/white flower colour were crossed as a full diallele set. The inheritance patterns of cotyledon, testa or seed coat colour, flower and seedling colour, were studied by analyzing their F₁, F₂, BC₁ and BC₂ generations. The segregation pattern in F₂, BC₁ and BC₂, showed that cotyledon colour was governed by a single gene with incomplete dominance and it is proposed that cotyledon colour is controlled by two allelic genes, which have been designated Ct₁ and Ct₂. Testa colour was governed by a single gene with the brown allele dominant and the recessive allele white. This gene has been given the symbol H. Two complementary genes governed both flower and seedling colours. These flower and seedling colour genes are pleiotropic and the two genes have been given the symbols S and F.     

Transgene introgression from Brassica napus to different varieties of Brassica juncea

Transgene introgression from transgenic rapeseed (Brassica napus) to different varieties of B. juncea was assessed in this study. Crossability between a transgenic rapeseed line Z7B10 (pollen donor) and 80 cultivars of 16 B. juncea varieties (including two wild accessions) was estimated by artificial pollination in a greenhouse. As a result, interspecific crossability between the transgenic Z7B10 line and the 80 B. juncea cultivars varied considerably, with seeds per flower from 0.00–10.67. Seed germination rates of the interspecific F₁ hybrids ranged from 49.0%–89.3%. The estimated frequencies of natural gene flow from the transgenic Z7B10 line to 10 B. juncea cultivars with different uses in the experiment field varied from 0.08% to 0.93%. The natural F₁ hybrids were highly sterile, with seeds per silique ranging from 0.27 to 1.03. In addition, seeds per flower of hybrid descendants varied from 0.02 to 0.22 when F₁ hybrids were self‐pollinated, and those ranged from 0.03 to 0.30 when F₁ hybrids were backcrossed with their corresponding B. juncea parents. Results of this study suggest a low level of transgene introgression from transgenic rapeseed to different B. juncea varieties, which provides a sound scientific basis for the safety management of coexisting transgenic B. napus and B. juncea varieties in China.     

费约果花芽石蜡切片技术的改良

为获得用石蜡切片方法观察费约果花芽形成和分化的整个过程的最优条件,选择了3 个不同发育时期的花芽进行石蜡切片技术研究。以常规石蜡切片方法为基础,在固定、软化、脱水、透明、包埋以及染色等具体方法上进行了适合费约果花芽特点的改良。结果表明：对材料进行24 h 盐酸水溶液浸泡法进行软化后,采用优化后的一系列脱水、透明等步骤进行制片操作,可以得到连续的、完整的蜡带;最终获得切片通过显微观察,可见材料内部结构完整、染色清晰。优化后的石蜡切片技术,避免了常规制片过程中出现浸蜡不彻底、组织变硬变脆、蜡带不连续、内部结构不完整等问题。该研究为费约果石蜡切片技术提供了一套具体的操作步骤,同时也为与费约果花芽结构相似树种的研究提供技术参考。     

甜樱桃花芽不同发育时期内参基因的筛选与验证

为了筛选甜樱桃花芽不同发育时期均稳定表达的内参基因,以甜樱桃桑提娜和黔樱一号不同发育时期花芽为材料,通过qRT-PCR技术检测28S rRNA、EF1-a1、EF1-a2、UBC、RPL13、18S rRNA、RSP3、CYP40、ACT2和α-TUB3等10个常用看家基因的表达水平,并利用GeNorm、NormFinder和BestKeeper综合评价其表达稳定性。结果表明,EF-1a2和RSP3在所有样品中稳定性最好。分别以EF-1a2、RSP3及EF-1a2+RSP3作为内参基因检测不同发育时期花芽生长素运输载体AUX1基因及生长素响应因子ARF基因的表达模式,该2个基因在不同内参基因标定下表达模式相同。表明EF-1a2、RSP3及EF-1a2+RSP3可作为甜樱桃花芽不同发育时期的内参基因。     

拟南芥APETALA1基因在花发育中的网络调控及其生物学功能

为了阐明拟南芥花分生组织特征基因--APETALA1（AP1）基因在开花调控网络的中心位置,笔者重点综述了AP1在花发育中的网络调控及其生物学功能,探讨了花发育机制的研究重点。AP1既是花分生组织决定基因,也是花器官发育特征基因,处于成花调控网络的关键位置。AP1基因需要通过与其他调控基因的相互作用,决定花分生组织的形成、花芽的起始及花器官的发育。     

Traits of shattering resistant buckwheat ‘W/SK86GF’

Seed shattering is a significant problem with buckwheat, especially at harvesting time. Several reports have shown that a green-flower mutant of buckwheat, such as W/SK86GF, has a strong pedicel. Although a strong pedicel may provide some resistance to shattering in the field, no study has thoroughly examined this issue. In this paper, we demonstrate that a W/SK86GF has shattering resistance by comparing the degrees of shattering of W/SK86GF and Kitawasesoba (leading variety of Hokkaido with non-green-flower traits) through a test for four years, including a typhoon hit year in the field. In a non-typhoon year, the shattering seed ratio (shattering seed weight/(yield + shattering seed weight) × 100) of W/SK86GF at maturing time +15 days (+15D) was lower than that of Kitawasesoba. In a typhoon hit year, the shattering seed ratios of Kitawasesoba at maturing time and +15D were surprisingly high, 14.4 and 21.1%, respectively. On the other hand, those of W/SK86GF were only 3.08% and 2.57%, respectively; indicating W/SK86GF is promising as a shattering resistant line even in a typhoon hit year. From these results, shattering resistance of W/SK86GF can be evaluated after maturing time such as +15D and pedicel strength would confer W/SK86GF a shattering resistant trait.     

影响花卉生长和花期的环境因子研究

花卉生长的好坏以及花期的应时与否不仅与花卉自身习性、栽培措施有关,而且还与许多外界环境条件有很大关系。通过对花卉生长环境的调控,可以有效提高花卉的品质及应时能力,使花卉生产更好地迎合人们的需求。本文就光照、温度、植物生长调节剂、肥料等几个方面阐述了环境因素对花卉生长和花期的影响。     

不同栽培基质对切花非洲菊生长和开花的影响

通过对切花非洲菊不同基质组合随机区组设计,以常规土壤栽培为对照进行试验,分析比较不同基质对切花非洲菊生长及开花的影响,从中筛选比较适合切花非洲菊无土栽培的基质配方。试验结果表明,以煤渣+珍珠岩+草炭土（2：1：1）为最佳配方。     

红花羟基黄色素A含量与花色相关性及其品种间的差异评价

探讨80个红花品种羟基黄色素A含量(HSYA)差异及其与花色的相关性,评价不同红花品种间的HSYA和花色的差别。以来源于不同产地的80份红花品种为试验材料,用高效液相色谱仪和HunterLab EasyMatch QC4.41型色差仪分析红花HSYA和花色差异。不同基因型红花HSYA差异显著,变异幅度为0.05～14.99 mg/g,相差近288倍,平均为11.31 mg/g。在所有供试材料中,有43个红花品种的HSYA高于平均值。不同地理来源红花品种的HSYA差异较大,欧洲红花品种的HSYA高于亚洲和非洲;中国红花的HSYA高于土耳其、印度和肯尼亚等;河南红花品种的HSYA高于新疆。视觉法将80份红花分为四个花色型,红色型红花HSYA高于橘色、黄色和白色型红花。白色、黄色、橘色和红色型红花的L分别为50.99、36.22、33.51和33.13,a分别为6.37、21.32、26.80和27.66,b分别为50.99、21.32、33.80和32.65。不同红花品种花色与L、a和b值呈显著正相关;黄色型和橘色型红花的HSYA与a值、色调值和色光值呈显著正相关;红色型红花HSYA与a值、b值和色光值呈显著正相关,表明a值越高,颜色越偏红,b值越高,颜色越偏橙。     

龙眼雌花数和坐果率与温度及降雨量的关系

为了解龙眼雌花开放数量和雌花坐果率与温度及降雨量的关系,应用调查研究和数理统计方法对石硖龙眼开花前后的温度、降雨量与雌花开放数及雌花坐果率的关系进行了分析。分析结果表明：开花前30d的气温对正处于雌蕊形成期的小花原基分化具有影响,日均温21.0℃时雌花开放数最多;当开花前30d、50d的降雨量依次＜41.8mm和＜57.5mm时,降雨量增加可提高雌花开放数,降雨量过大雌花开放数减少;开花当日和开花后1-15d的气温影响雌花坐果率,开花当日日均温越高,坐果率越低,日均低温<20.2℃时,随温度升高,雌花坐果率提高,开花后1-15d日均温和日均低温越高,坐果率越低,日均高温<30.7℃时,温度升高雌花坐果率提高;在开花坐果和第一次生理落果期,降雨量增多雌花坐果率下降。