Allocating fishing rights in South Africa: a participatory approach

Abstract  A new fishing rights allocation system was introduced in South Africa in 2001. The system, its application and the complaints by fishers were assessed. In response to the weaknesses in the 2001 system, a participatory multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA)-based approach was proposed as a new system for evaluating applicants. To test the approach, workshops were held with fishers and the authority responsible for allocating rights. The MCDA system allowed the concerns (criteria) of different stakeholders to be integrated into a coherent framework and for their priorities to be reflected in scores and weights. Simple MCDA approaches, accessible to fishers and the authority, were used to elicit scores and weights, thus providing a record of the process and a theoretically justifiable basis for the use of a weighted sum of scores. Although the perception was that the authority and fishers' priorities were very different, they proved to be similar and could be accommodated in an integrated system.     

基于双通道目标运动检测的乒乓球运动决策系统*

动作是体育运动的关键技术，要规范运动员动作，不但使他们的运动成绩能够达到或接近最高水平，同时也可以避免运动员积累型运动损伤，达到这样的训练目的就需要科学的方法。目前，我国已经建立了标准动作多媒体视频数据库，利用了一种双通道目标运动检测算法，结合了运动检测技术和人的行为理解方法，实现了感知技术对体育动作量化分析和体育动作模式识别。针对乒乓球快速多变特点，以及手腕动作的精细变化与球拍的较高关联度，对乒乓球和乒乓球拍建立了离散小波变换的空时模型，剔除运动模式识别中的噪声孔洞有助于提高检测的正确性。通过定性分析和实验结果，这种基于双通道混合算法的乒乓球运动决策系统能够较为准确的识别乒乓球运动中的有误动作，为及时更正动作提供了科学和有效的依据。     

参考群体对消费者网络购买决策影响的实证研究

以参考群体的信用水平、感知价值水平为自变量,设计3×2×4的模拟实验，考量参考群体对消费者网络购买决策的影响。结果表明：不同信用度的参考群体对消费者网络购买决策有显著正向影响，参考群体的信用度越高，消费者的网络购买决策所受影响越大；不同感知价值的参考群体对消费者网络购买不同产品的决策均有正向显著影响，感知价值越高，消费者购买决策越受影响。参考群体的信用水平与感知价值的交互作用对消费者网络购买决策有正向显著影响。     

大学生职业决策的现状及对策的质化研究

随着信息的社会化全球化,我们接收到的信息复杂多变。职业决策就是从这些信息中选择对自己最有利的选项,确保利益最大化。职业决策不仅是一个过程,也是一种可以习得的技巧。文章针对当代大学生的决策能力进行分析,并提出提升职业决策能力的方法。     

Multicriteria and Critical Threshold Value Analyses in Assessing Sustainable Forestry

Abstract

This paper presents different models designed to operationalize the principle of forest sustainability. Concepts such as resource or environmental utilization space, carrying capacity, and critical thresholds are defined. The paper also describes an application of the qualitative and quantitative multicriteria models in assessing forest sus-tainability. Sustainability analysis was done in three stages: Stage 1 involves the development of an appropriate set of criteria and indicators (C&I); Stage 2 involves the use of multicriteria analysis (MCA) models for estimating relative importance of each C&I; and Stage 3 involves the qualitative and quantitative assessment of each C&I. The qualitative model is based on a simple flagging method where C&I elements are evaluated and assigned appropriate flag colors depending on the experts' judgments on their criticality. Similarly, the same set of C&I elements were also evaluated quantitatively using a scaled scoring system. These models were applied in a case study involving a community-managed forest in the Philippines. An assessment team consisting of representatives from various disciplines, local institutions, and local stakeholders was organized and served as the expert team that provided the assessment information used in the analysis. Feedback received from the assessors indicate that the models were found to be useful, transparent, and helpful tools not only in generating relevant sets of C&I, but more importantly, in evaluating these C&I with respect to overall forest sustain-ability.     

规模化种鸡场智能生产管理系统的构建

针对规模化种鸡场生产管理信息化水平低,对领导生产决策支持力度不够等问题,构建了一个既支持鸡群精细养殖,又支持领导科学决策的种鸡场智能生产管理系统。该系统基于"面向对象"的思想设计鸡群生产管理模块,在此基础上利用数据仓库和数据挖掘技术设计分场生产管理和集团生产管理模块,并利用SQL Server实现决策数据的分析。系统的应用将规范种鸡场的养殖行为和管理行为,极大地提高了种鸡场的养殖效益。     

基于ArcGIS技术的森林防火辅助决策系统的研制

森林火灾扑救一直是我国森林防火工作的薄弱环节,为提高林火扑救的信息化水平,以中日防火项目为依托,以ArcObject组件为技术手段,研制开发了基于COM的森林防火辅助决策系统。该系统通过对林火行为模拟、火场损失预评估和最佳扑火路线的分析,实现辅助林火扑救、决策工作。     

山西省秋千沟林场林种和树种结构的研究

选用分析系统递阶层次结构的层次分析法作为数学工具。对山西省秋千沟林场的林种、树种结构进行了研究。结果表明，该法对于“目标结构比较复杂，缺乏必要数据的结构优化问题”比较适用，可按兼顾生态效益、社会效益、经济效益，又有所侧重的原则，将各林种、树种的面积比例落实到合理的水平上。     

木麻黄防护林不同造林密度综合评价研究

以不同造林密度木麻黄防护林的抗风性及速生丰产特性为调查基础,运用多目标决策方法,对木麻黄防护林造林密度进行评价研究,结果表明:在木麻黄7种造林密度林分中,初植密度2500株/hm2的林分抗风能力和丰产性能最强,初植密度1667株/hm2的林分最速生,抗风能力和丰产性第二。综合评价指标以造林密度1667株/hm2的林分为最高,2500株/hm2的林分第二,建议滨海沙地木麻黄造林密度控制在1667～2500株/hm2。