坡面侵蚀动力学及其相关参数的探讨

 从分析坡面水流形态动力学特性着手,对比土壤侵蚀临界坡度的研究;概述土壤侵蚀的机制,以及坡面水流中水流速度、泥沙含量和下垫面三者相互作用的关系。发现及时、准确和动态地测量水流速度和泥沙含量,是分析这些复杂关系的关键,它使定量研究坡面土壤侵蚀的机理成为可能。     

岷江上游某建设场地山洪泥石流灾害危险性分析

某建设场地位于岷江上游大沟流域,为山洪泥石流多发区。从主、支沟山洪泥石流特征、泥石流暴发规模及支沟泥石流对主沟山洪特征的影响等方面分析了场地可能遭受山洪泥石流灾害的危险性,并以此为基础对场地按危险程度进行了分区。结果表明,该场地主体位于基本无危险区,其建设计划是可行的。     

回转破碎气流干燥设备试验研究

介绍了回转破碎气流干燥设备的结构特点及其性能试验。该设备将滚筒破碎干燥机与气流干燥机串联组合，其组合衔接处采用封头板带过流孔的独特结构形式，把整个干燥过程分为三个阶段，集滚筒破碎干燥机、闪急干燥机和气流干燥机的优点于一体，提高了烘干效率和产品质量。     

大型泵站用轴流泵结构的开发与应用

论述了大型泵站用井筒立式轴流泵的结构特征，采用优化水利计算对泵站进水流道进行优化设计，对泵体结构进行改造。说明该泵的优点及实际应用效果，并介绍了该泵的安装方法。     

陕西省生态遥感监测与评价研究

通过对研究区CBERS—2影像进行预处理、建立解译标志、人工判读、分类等过程得到了陕西省县级土地利用数据库;以此为依据,按照生态环境质量评价技术标准进行生态环境质量指数计算,最后得到该区2004年生态环境质量综合评价结果:陕北黄土高原地区生态环境质量一般,榆林地区环境较差;中南部地区环境质量良好,其中秦岭地区环境质量优。将计算结果与该区2000年的评价结果对比分析得出:全省环境质量总体上呈现不同程度的提高,其中关中平原地区生态环境显著改善,但也有少数地区环境继续恶化。     

RZWQM simulation of long-term crop production, water and nitrogen balances in Northeast Iowa

Agricultural system models are tools to represent and understand major processes and their interactions in agricultural systems. We used the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) with 26 years of data from a study near Nashua, IA to evaluate year to year crop yield, water, and N balances. The model was calibrated using data from one 0.4 ha plot and evaluated by comparing simulated values with data from 29 of the 36 plots at the same research site (six were excluded). The dataset contains measured tile flow that varied considerably from plot to plot so we calibrated total tile flow amount by adjusting a lateral hydraulic gradient term for subsurface lateral flow below tiles for each plot. Keeping all other soil and plant parameters constant, RZWQM correctly simulated year to year variations in tile flow (r² = 0.74) and N loading in tile flow (r² = 0.71). Yearly crop yield variation was simulated with less satisfaction (r² = 0.52 for corn and r² = 0.37 for soybean) although the average yields were reasonably simulated. Root mean square errors (RMSE) for simulated soil water storage, water table, and annual tile flow were 3.0, 22.1, and 5.6 cm, respectively. These values were close to the average RMSE for the measured data between replicates (3.0, 22.4, and 5.7 cm, respectively). RMSE values for simulated annual N loading and residual soil N were 16.8 and 47.0 kg N ha⁻¹, respectively, which were much higher than the average RMSE for measurements among replicates (7.8 and 38.8 kg N ha⁻¹, respectively). The high RMSE for N simulation might be caused by high simulation errors in plant N uptake. Simulated corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields had high RMSE (1386 and 674 kg ha⁻¹) with coefficient of variations (CV) of 0.19 and 0.25, respectively. Further improvements were needed for better simulating plant N uptake and yield, but overall, results for annual tile flow and annual N loading in tile flow were acceptable.     

The study on method to draw large-scale soil map in diluvial soil area in Hokkaido, using digital elevation data for a 10 m grid

(pp. 59–66)
In order to understand the detailed soil distribution of a terrace with a diluvial deposit, the method to draw a large-scale soil map was studied in Urausu Town of Sorachi district by combinig soil survey and digital elevation data for a 10 m grid.
The results are summarized as follows:

• 1) 

  From a soil survey, soils in the research area were classified into 3 soil series groups according to Classification of Cultivated Soils in Japan, Third Approximation, which were Skeletal Terrace Brown Forest Soils, Fine-textured Aquic Brown Forest Soils and Fine-textured Haplic Gray Upland Soils. In addition, Fine-textured Haplic Gray Upland Soils · were classified into 2 categories based on the abundance of gravel in the subsoil.

       

清水河流域泥石流成因分析及其防治对策

本文通过对影响该区土壤侵蚀的地质、地貌、气候、植被、土壤等自然因素和人类生产活动等因素的调查研究,分析了清水河流域泥石流发生的原因,并提出了防治对策。     

温室环境信息语音提示系统的设计与实现

为解决温室内测量数据的及时获取问题，研究了温室数据实时语音提示及报警系统，该系统能够实时地将传感器采集的温室环境信息以语音的方式播放出来。该系统采用MSC51系列单片机作为主控芯片，控制保存在ISD系列语音芯片内的语音数据的输入及输出，同时给出了将数据信息按人的阅读习惯正确朗读出来的控制算法。通过实践应用证明，该系统实现了实时语音提示功能，并具有控制灵活，接口简单，扩展性强等特点。     

不同糙率坡面水力学特征的试验研究

在室内试验的基础上,采用定床阻力试验研究了坡面流水力学参数(雷诺数、佛汝德数、阻力系数和流速)随床面糙率、流量和坡度的变化规律。初步得出以下结论:(1)在床面和流量相同条件下,坡面流雷诺数和佛汝德数均随坡度的增加而增大。(2)在坡度和流量相同情况下,随着坡面粗糙度增加,坡面流雷诺数和佛汝德数均呈减小趋势;同时水流流速减小,阻力系数增大,这说明水流克服阻力做功所消耗的能量也增加。