松属细胞学分类和系统演化初探

本文通过对分布于世界6个地区的松属28个种的染色体组型分析和染色体组型分析和染色体臂比模糊聚类分析,结合其地理分布及其它方面资料,探讨了松属的起源,变异及其系统演化的过程,并对松属一些在形态分类上有分歧意见的种,进行了细胞分类的分析,并提出了作者的见解。     

大白菜Ogura雄性不育系及保持系花药发育的细胞学观察

[目的]研究3个大白菜Ogura雄性不育系及保持系花药小抱子发育过程.[方法]对3对大白菜Ogura雄性不育系及其保持系花药发育进行细胞学观察.[结果]3个大白菜Ogura雄性不育系(OBY,OBK,OD5)的小孢子败育均发生在单核早期,在开花前完全败育.[结论]不育系绒毡层液泡化早于保持系,花粉母细胞减数分裂时不育系绒毡层细胞已开始退化,而保持系(BY,BK,D5)绒毡层自然解体,供给小孢子发育所需的营养物质和发育空间.     

香榧体细胞胚发生、发育的形态与细胞学观察

将香榧(Torreya grandis‘Merrillii’)的未成熟合子胚置于SH+0.1 mg·L-1 NAA+500 mg·L-1AC+3%蔗糖+0.5 g·L-1 Gln培养基上暗培养45 d,诱导产生半透明颗粒状胚性愈伤组织;将胚性愈伤组织转入SH+20 g·L-1 PEG+10 mg·L-1 ABA培养基中暗培养3个月诱导体细胞胚。采用碘—碘化钾染色和石蜡切片技术对体胚起源、形态发育与细胞组织学进行了观察。结果表明:胚性愈伤组织起源于合子胚胚轴表皮或皮层细胞的对称分裂。胚性愈伤组织含有两类细胞,一种是细胞质浓厚、细胞核大、体积小的圆形胚性细胞,另一种是高度液泡化拉长的细胞。胚性愈伤组织包含由这两种细胞构成的原胚团Ⅰ、原胚团Ⅱ和原胚团Ⅲ,以及一些游离细胞。原胚团Ⅲ在无植物生长调节剂的SH基本培养基上形成原胚,原胚接入成熟培养基,历经球形、棒状、心形、鱼雷形胚后发育成子叶胚。将子叶胚转入萌发培养基后胚根伸长,胚芽发育长出针叶,形成完整的再生植株。同时在离体培养中合子胚胚柄处退化的裂生多胚也能重新发育形成胚体。在初生体胚发育过程中表面常伴有次生体细胞胚的形成。     

海岛棉与瑟伯氏棉、辣根棉、裂片棉、松散棉的杂种F_1细胞学研究

本文报道了海岛棉(Gossypium barbadense,(AD)_2)、与瑟伯氏棉(C.thurberi,D_1)、辣根棉(G.armourianum,D_(2-1))、裂片棉(C.lobatum,D_7)和松散棉(C.laxum,D_8)等4个D染色体组的杂种三倍体F_1主要形态遗传变异及其花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体配对的研究结果。这4个种间杂种F_1,有的表型象海岛棉,有的象野生二倍体棉,有的表现为中间型。每细胞染色体平均构型依次为:12.83Ⅱ+13.27Ⅰ+0.024Ⅲ;12.10Ⅱ+14.84Ⅰ;12.44Ⅱ+14.24Ⅰ+0.02Ⅲ和12.70Ⅱ+13.40Ⅰ+0.025Ⅲ+0.033Ⅳ;完全配对成13Ⅱ和13Ⅰ的细胞,其比例分别为60.3％、19.9％、42.2％和45.9％。这表明:在这4个D染色体组棉种中,以瑟伯氏棉与海岛棉的关系最为密切,其次为松散棉、裂片棉,而辣根棉的关系最远。本文还讨论了这4个D染色体组种与海岛棉的亲缘关系。     

Radiation-Induced Nullisomy in Hordeum vulgare L.

A plant with drastically reduced vigour was observed in a population of diploid barley (Hordeum vulgare) raised from seeds exposed to gamma radiation. Cytological studies revealed that the plant was nullisomic with 2n = 12. At meiosis, regular formation of 6 bivalents was observed. The plant was totally sterile and produced neither stainable pollen nor seed.     

滇牡丹分类处理的细胞学与分子生物学证据

滇牡丹Paeonia delavayi是中国西南地区特有种,其分类一直存在争议。回顾了滇牡丹的分类历史和分类处理,综述了滇牡丹在细胞学及分子生物学的研究现状及进展,着重介绍了滇牡丹的染色体核型、Giemsa C-带、同工酶生化标记、分子标记及基因序列测定等研究成果,认为染色体核型、Giemsa C-带、同工酶生化标记、分子标记等结果支持将滇牡丹复合群归并为滇牡丹一个种的分类处理,基因序列分析只涉及滇牡丹的2个居群,认为二者亲缘关系很近。表1参42     

Bronchoalveolar lavage cytology from captive badgers

Background: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is evaluated for the diagnosis and study of lung disease and airway inflammation. Cytologic profiles for BAL fluid have not been reported for badgers and may be useful in understanding the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases such as Mycobacterium bovis. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate cytologic and microbial findings in BAL fluid from captive European badgers (Meles meles) and identify correlates with the results of concurrently collected blood and fecal samples. Methods: BAL fluid (by a nonbronchoscopic method) and jugular venous blood samples (for routine CBC) were obtained from 23 captive tuberculosis‐free anesthetized badgers on 2 occasions 4 weeks apart. Fecal samples were collected for routine parasitology. Morphologic evaluation and 100‐cell differentials were done on cytocentrifuged BAL specimens. Pellets from centrifuged BAL were aerobically cultured for bacteria. Results: With the 2 BAL samples from each of the 23 badgers combined, the median (range) cell percentages were 73.0% (5–95%) neutrophils, 7.5% (2–16%) macrophages, 8.0% (0–27%) lymphocytes, and 9.5% (0–92%) eosinophils. Macrophages frequently contained silica‐like crystals. Other findings included ciliated epithelial cells, goblet cells, mucus, and Aelurostrongylus sp. larvae. A light growth of Streptococcus, Pasteurella, or Escherichia coli was cultured in 6 badgers. Trypanosoma pestanai were identified in blood from 10 badgers and fecal parasites (mainly coccidia) were found in 20 badgers. No correlation was found between BAL and CBC results and the presence of parasites. Conclusions: The predominance of neutrophils in BAL fluid from badgers differs from the predominance of macrophages found in BAL from other species. This difference may reflect the burrowing lifestyle or the unique immune response of badgers.     

What is your diagnosis? Peritoneal effusion from a dog

Abstract: A 5‐year‐old, female Italian hound dog was presented with progressive weight loss, anorexia, and lethargy. Physical examination abnormalities included poor body condition, abdominal distension, splenomegaly, and areas of crusty alopecia on the head and limbs. Clinicopathologic abnormalities included mild normocytic normochromic anemia, moderate hyperproteinemia and hyperglobulinemia, mild hypoalbuminemia, and hyponatremia, a mild increase in serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and a moderate to marked increase in β‐ and γ‐globulins on serum protein electrophoresis. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed peritoneal effusion. Abdominocentesis yielded ～200 mL of serosanguinous, slightly turbid fluid with 2.6 × 10⁹ nucleated cells/L, and a protein concentration of 32 g/L. Cytologic specimens of the fluid contained a mixed population of inflammatory cells. Intracytoplasmic inclusions identified as Leishmania sp. amastigotes were observed in numerous macrophages and also free in the background. An ELISA for canine Leishmania sp. antibody was positive. The abdominal effusion resolved within a few days of beginning treatment with meglumine antimoniate and allopurinol. Finding Leishmania amastigotes in peritoneal fluid is rare in canine leishmaniasias and allows an easy, quick diagnosis of the disease.