3个钓钟柳品种叶绿素荧光特性比较

利用叶绿素荧光测定技术测定了多年生宿根花卉紫红钓钟柳Penstemon campanulatus ‘Purple Passion’,毛地黄钓钟柳P. digitalis‘Husker Red’和五彩钓钟柳P. barbatus ‘Rondo’等3个钓钟柳品种的叶绿素荧光参数,并对它们进行比较。结果表明：3个钓钟柳品种间的叶绿素荧光参数均达到显著或极显著水平,紫红钓钟柳的可变荧光（F_v）,光系统Ⅱ原始光能转化效率（F_v/F_m）,光系统Ⅱ的潜在活性（F_v/F_o）,光合量子产额（Y）,表观光合电子传递速率（E_TR）,光化学猝灭系数（q_P）,非炮化学猝灭系数（N_PQ）值最高,其次为五彩钓钟柳,最低是毛地黄钓钟柳。说明紫红钓钟柳具有较好的光合生理功能,其次是五彩钓钟柳,最差是毛地黄钓钟柳;相关分析表明：F_o与F_m,q_P与F_m,q_P与F_v,Y与E_TR,F_m与F_v,F_o与F（任意期间实际荧光产量）,F_m′与Y呈显著正相关或极显著正相关;F_o与E_TR,F_v/F_o与Y呈显著负相关。图1表3参16     

轴压比对T形截面构件承载力的影响

采用数值积分法编制了对T形截面构件的正截面承载力分析程序,通过对同一种截面配筋形式的等肢T形截面构件,在不同轴压比下的Mx-My曲线进行了计算、分析,提出以下建议:对抗震等级为3级的异形柱框架结构,在轴压比小于0.03时,轴压比对T形截面构件正截面承载力的影响不大,可以按受弯构件计算。     

应用PV技术评价银川市7种针叶绿化树种抗旱性

应用PV技术测定油松、樟子松、白皮松、青海云杉等7种针叶树种的主要水分生理参数,评价其抗旱性.结果表明,不同树种的π0、πp、ROWCπp、RWCπp及AWC值具有一定的差异,且各树种的水分生理参数值在6～10月间呈现的变化趋势不尽相同.以这些参数为指标,采用聚类分析方法对树种的抗旱性进行综合分析表明,这几个树种的抗旱性顺序为樟子松和侧柏>白皮松,青海云杉>圆柏、油松和刺柏.     

A site index model for lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia) in northern Sweden

A model was developed for predicting site index (SI) values and top height growth of lodgepole pine in northern Sweden. Data on 169 experimental plots from 61 experiments were used for model construction. Six dynamic site equations derived using the generalized algebraic difference approach (GADA) were tested. All of the equations estimate height and SI values on the basis of a known height and total age, and are base-age invariant. Unbiased parameter estimates were obtained by non-linear modelling without accounting for autocorrelation of residuals. The special formulation of the Hossfeld model and the GADA-transformed logistic function produced the most reliable SI curves. The Hossfeld model is recommended as it did not produce extreme outlying estimates for young stands. The developed model is polymorphic with variable asymptotes and can predict SI and dominant height growth for lodgepole pine between 20 and 50 years old.     

西湖风景名胜区森林群落结构特征与动态

以西湖风景名胜区森林植被为研究对象, 在样方法野外调查的基础上, 进行组平均聚类, 划分出8个群落类型, 分别为马尾松Pinus massoniana林、马尾松-苦槠Castanopsis sclerophylla林、朴树 Celtis sinensis-珊瑚朴C. julianae林、樟树Cinnamomum camphora-麻栎Quercus acutissima林、木荷Schima superba-苦槠林、青冈Cyclobalanopsis glauca林、毛竹Phyllostachys edulis林和毛竹-槲栎Quercus aliena林。用"空间序列代替时间变化"的方法, 对优势种群的年龄结构、存活曲线进行研究。结果表明:马尾松-苦槠林、木荷-苦槠林、青冈林为增长型的种群, 马尾松林属于衰退型种群, 朴树-珊瑚朴林属于稳定型向衰退型过渡的类型。樟树-麻栎林为不稳定类型, 有发展成为樟树纯林的可能。采用方差/均值比率法、负二项式法和平均拥挤指数等方法, 研究优势种群的空间分布格局, 种群随机分布的是马尾松林、马尾松-苦槠林、樟树-麻栎林和毛竹-槲栎林, 集群分布的是朴树-珊瑚朴林、木荷-苦槠林、青冈林和毛竹林。     

非参数估计在构造树高曲线中的应用

研究测树因子之间的数学关系,是森林调查的重要理论工作.该文以树高曲线模型为例,首先分析了最小二乘估计（LS估计）存在的缺陷,然后采用非参数核密度估计和最大概率估计两种方法建立了树高曲线模型.结果表明:①核密度估计能在一定最优准则下很好地适应样本,误差小,样本的统计特性和多峰形态亦得到很好的反映;②最大概率估计则适合在因变量和自变量均有误差的情况下建立模型.它摈弃了LS估计和核密度估计只考虑因变量统计误差的局限性,因此这种估计方法更符合实际情况.同时,当样本中含有误差很大的异常数据时,核密度估计和最大概率估计所得模型比LS估计方法所得模型更稳定.      

施用生物炭对冬小麦光合潜力和籽粒产量的影响

为探究生物炭对冬小麦光合潜力和籽粒产量的影响,在中国农业大学吴桥实验站设置了施用生物炭7200kg·hm^-2(BH)、3600kg·hm^-2(BM)、1800kg·hm^-2(BL)和不施生物炭(BO)4个处理,测定分析了冬小麦开花期和灌浆期旗叶净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率日变化、光响应曲线及籽粒产量。结果表明,不同施炭水平下冬小麦开花期和灌浆期旗叶净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率日变化均呈双峰曲线趋势,有明显的光合“午休”现象,而施用生物炭可以减弱光合“午休”。冬小麦叶片胞间CO2浓度的日变化呈现先降后升的趋势,呈广口“V”型。随着光照强度的增加,在开花期,净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率光响应曲线呈现逐渐上升趋势,而灌浆期的响应曲线在光照强度1600~2000μmol·m^-2·s^-1时呈现逐渐下降趋势,就不同处理而言,开花期和灌浆期各指标均表现为BH和BM处理大于BL和BO处理;模拟得到的灌浆期最大净光合速率以BM处理最大,分别比BH、BL和BO处理高2.50%、6.20%和8.88%。与BO处理相比,BH、BM和BL处理的籽粒产量分别增加了4.14%、5.97%和1.49%,其中BH和BM处理增产显著(P<0.05)。综上所述,施用生物炭可以减弱冬小麦开花期和灌浆期的光合“午休”,增强光合性能和潜力,提高籽粒产量。在本试验条件下生物炭以年施用量3600kg·hm^-2效果最好。     

Evaluation of Serum Ferritin as a Tumor Marker for Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma

Background: Canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive malignancy. Hyperferritinemia has been documented in dogs with HS and could serve as a tumor marker aiding in diagnosis and treatment. In people, hyperferritinemia is found in inflammatory diseases, liver disease, and hemolysis, and thus may occur in dogs with these conditions. Objective: To determine if serum ferritin concentration is a tumor marker for canine HS. Animals: Dogs with HS (18), inflammatory diseases (20), liver disease (24), immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) (15), and lymphoma (23). Methods: Prospective, observational, cohort study: Serum ferritin concentration was measured at initial diagnosis. Parametric methods were used to compare mean log ferritin concentrations among disease categories. Receiver‐operating characteristic curves and likelihood ratios were used to evaluate serum ferritin concentration as a tumor marker. Results: Varying proportions of dogs with IMHA (94%), HS (89%), liver disease (79%), lymphoma (65%), and inflammatory diseases (40%) had hyperferritinemia. Dogs with IMHA had significantly higher mean ferritin concentration than dogs in all other categories. Dogs with HS had significantly higher mean ferritin concentration than those in the inflammatory disease and lymphoma categories. Mean serum ferritin concentration was not significantly different between dogs with HS and those with liver disease. Decision thresholds were determined to distinguish IMHA and HS from the other diseases associated with hyperferritinemia. Conclusion: Hyperferritinemia is common in dogs with HS and, after IMHA is ruled out, the degree of hyperferritinemia may be useful in differentiating dogs with HS from dogs with inflammatory diseases, liver disease, and lymphoma.     

Tolerance of selected weed species to broadcast flaming at different growth stages

Organic producers rank weeds as the most important pests that limit their crop production. In order to optimize the use of propane flaming as a weed control tool, the objective of this study was to test tolerance of selected weed species to broadcast flaming performed at different growth stages. Six annual species, including one grass [barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)] and five broadleaves [field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), kochia (Kochia scoparia), ivyleaf morning glory (Ipomoea hederacea), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and Venice mallow (Hibiscus trionum)] were flamed at three growth stages with six doses of propane. The propane doses applied were 0, 12, 31, 50, 68 and 87 kg/ha. Flaming treatments were applied utilizing a custom built flamer mounted on a four-wheeler moving at a constant speed of 6.4 km/h. Species response to propane were described by log-logistic models based on visual injury ratings and dry matter (DM) for each weed species. Overall response to flaming varied among species, growth stage and propane dose. Broadleaf weeds were more susceptible to flaming than the grass regardless of the growth stage. A dose of 76 kg/ha of propane was needed to obtain 90% DM reduction for 7-leaf (L) barnyardgrass compared to much lower doses of 40, 49, 55, 56 and 51 kg/ha propane for 8-L bindweed, 6-L kochia, 10-L morning glory, 7-L velvetleaf and 5-L Venice mallow, respectively. Moreover, the tolerance of both grassy and broadleaf weed species to broadcast flaming increased with increase in plant size. A 90% DM reduction in velvetleaf was obtained with 42, 56 and 102 kg/ha of propane for 5-L, 7-L and 16-L stages, respectively. The tested broadleaf weed species were effectively controlled (90% DM reduction) with propane dose of 30–60 kg/ha when flamed at early growth stages (3-L to 14-L), while the same dose of propane provided only 80% DM reduction in barnyardgrass when flamed at vegetative stages (4-L to 7-L). It was not possible to obtain 90% DM reduction in barnyardgrass when flamed at flowering stage with the propane doses tested in this experiment.     

Popcorn (Zea mays L. var. everta) yield and yield components as influenced by the timing of broadcast flaming

Farmers are interested in producing popcorn under organic production systems and propane flaming could be a significant component of an integrated weed management program. The objective of this study was to collect baseline information on popcorn tolerance to broadcast flaming as influenced by propane dose and crop growth stage at the time of flaming. Field experiments were conducted at the Haskell Agricultural Laboratory of the University of Nebraska, Concord, NE in 2008 and 2009 using five propane doses (0, 13, 24, 44 and 85 kg ha⁻¹) applied at the 2-leaf, 5-leaf and 7-leaf growth stages. Propane was applied using a custom-built research flamer driven at a constant speed of 6.4 km h⁻¹. Crop response to propane dose was described by log-logistic models on the basis of visual estimates of crop injury, yield components (plants m⁻², ears plant⁻¹, kernels cob⁻¹ and 100-kernel weight) and grain yield. Popcorn response to flaming was influenced by the crop growth stage and propane dose. Based on various parameters evaluated, popcorn flamed at the 5-leaf showed the highest tolerance while the 2-leaf was the most susceptible stage. The maximum yield reductions were 45%, 9% and 16% for the 2-leaf, 5-leaf and 7-leaf stages, respectively. In addition, propane doses that resulted in a 5% yield loss were 23 kg ha⁻¹ for the 2-leaf and 7-leaf and 30 kg ha⁻¹ for the 5-leaf stage. Flaming has a potential to be used effectively in organic popcorn production if properly used.