Field performance of Salix clones propagated via shoot cultures in vitro

Survival, growth, plant structure and insect damage of in vitro‐derived cuttings from two Salix clones (5. schwerinii and 5. viminalis) were compared in a field trial with performance of conventional cuttings of the same clones. No obvious morphological abnormalities were induced by in vitro treatment. The survival rate of in vitro‐derived cuttings of the S. schwerinii clone was much higher than that of conventional cuttings. In the 5. viminalis clone, height growth was slightly but significantly reduced for in vitro‐derived cuttings compared with conventional cuttings although stem basal area and estimated plant dry weight were unaffected. The number of stems per cutting, the number of side shoots per stem and gall midge damage did not appear to be affected by the type of cutting. Electrophoretic analysis of 12 enzyme systems revealed identical isozyme patterns for m vitro‐derived and conventionally propagated plants.     

黄花白芨组培快繁技术

用不同的基本培养基,不同的植物生长调节剂及其配比,不同的原球茎切割方式系统地研究了黄花白芨组织培养技术,试验结果表明：１／２ＭＳ＋１．０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１ＢＡ＋０．１ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１ＮＡＡ培养基有利于原球茎增殖,培养６０ｄ增殖到４．２１倍;     

表达bar基因的抗除草剂转基因甘薯的获得

用农杆菌介导法将bar基因导入甘薯主栽品种徐薯18的胚性悬浮细胞中,获得了抗除草剂的转基因植株.农杆菌菌株EHA105携带的双元载体pCAMBIA3300上含有bar基因.来自于徐薯18胚性悬浮细胞的直径为0.7～1.3 min的280个胚性细胞团用于遗传转化.共培养3 d后,首先在含有2 mg/L 2,4-D、100 mg/L Carb的液体MS培养基中培养1周,然后将胚性细胞团转移到添加2 mg/L 2,4-D、100 mg/L Carb 和0.3 mg/L PPT的固体MS培养基上进行选择培养.选择8周后,将获得的37个PPT抗性愈伤组织转移到添加1 mg/L ABA、100mg/L carb和0.3 mg/L PPT的固体MS培养基上,其中的34个愈伤组织诱导得到体细胞胚并发芽形成小植株,共获得了164株拟转基因植株.PCR分析表明,其中的123株为转基因植株.Southern blot和Northern blot分析表明,bar基因稳定整合到转基因植株的基因组中并正确表达.除草剂喷洒试验结果表明,转基因植株具有高度除草剂抗性.     

无籽西瓜培养基的选择及培养研究

以三倍体无籽西瓜顶芽为外植体，在ＭＳ＋ＢＡ３ｍｇ／Ｌ琼脂培养基上诱导丛芽发生，于ＭＳ＋ＢＡ２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＡＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ培养基上继代培养，周期２０－３０天。平均繁殖系数，前１０代为８左右，１－２０代为５左右，１个芽在半年内可形成８－１０万株苗。丛芽最高代次为３０代。芽的分化与生长正常。将伸长芽嫁接在瓠瓜上，成活率达９０％以上，移栽成活率可达９５％以上。     

苦丁茶树微繁殖技术的研究

以苦丁茶树腋芽为外植体进行培养，诱导腋芽萌发，产生丛芽，同时，试管内外结合法诱导生根，并大田移栽．结果表明：ａ．初代培养以Ｂ５＋ＢＡ２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＧＡ３０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ固体培养基诱导腋芽萌发较好；ｂ．Ｂ５＋ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＺＴ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＧＡ３０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ固体培养基能诱导大量丛芽产生；ｃ．适当剪除叶片并去掉顶芽能促进腋芽萌发；ｄ．小苗在附加ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＩＢＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ，或ＮＡＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＩＢＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ的１／２ＭＴ，１／２Ｂ５培养基上培养１０～１５ｄ，插入蛭石上发根，成苗快；ｅ．土壤保湿、避免强光照，是小苗成活的关键．     

嘉陵江黄颡鱼养殖研究

用配合饲料Ⅰ、Ⅱ和白链肉,泥鳅肉,猪肉,田螺肉等,在室内饲养黄颡鱼６０天。结果表明,６种饵料在黄颡鱼消化道中出现率,鱼体重增加率和胃,肠蛋白酶与淀粉酶活性均以配合饲料Ⅰ最高,白鲢肉次之,表明黄桑鱼具有较强的消化能力。因此,黄颡鱼可进行人工养殖。     

油菜原生质体培养与融合技术的研究进展

综述了７０年代以来油菜原生质体培养与融合技术的研究概况，并对该技术在油菜育种生产实践上的应用前景进行了分析与讨论。     

Different methods for the evaluation of species of the genus Mesaphorura (Collembola, Tullbergiinae)

Field studies and laboratory investigations based upon cultures, isoenzyme electrophoresis and RAPD-PCR were carried out to get a better understanding of the value of morphospecies within the genus Mesaphorura.Culturing of seven Mesaphorura species under constant as well as variable conditions provided a basis for evaluation of morphological characters, but did not yield any statistically supportable evidence that intraspecific variability reached interspecific delimitations.In enzyme tests, esterases gave the best results. The search for species-specific band patterns is, however, time and material consuming. DNA investigations using RAPD-PCR resulted in band patterns that appeared to be species specific. Nevertheless, these require further investigations.None of the studies carried out gave any conclusive evidence for invalidation of the morphologically defined species of the genus Mesaphorura.     

In Vitro Gas Production from Batch Cultures of Stomach and Hindgut Digesta of Horses Adapted to a Prebiotic Dose of Fructooligosaccharides and Inulin

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin may modulate hindgut fermentation. It was tested if digesta batch cultures taken from horses adapted to FOS and inulin show different fermentation compared with such taken from nonsupplemented horses. Six horses received 0.15 g FOS and inulin/kg body weight/d via Jerusalem artichoke meal (JAM) upon a hay-based diet; six horses received corncob meal without grains (CMG) as placebo. The horses were euthanized after 20 days. Digesta samples were taken from stomach, cecum, ventral colon ascendens (VCA), and colon transversum (CT). Digesta batch cultures were incubated 48 hours to measure in vitro gas production as well as pre- and post-incubation pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). A distinct fermentation of the surplus of fructans present in the inoculum was found with JAM-adapted batch cultures. Gas production was accelerated in inoculated gastric contents of horses adapted to JAM compared with CMG adapted ones (7.8 vs. 16.4 hours to achieve half of the 48 hours gas quantity, respectively; P > .05). Although buffered, pH decreased during fermentation. Postincubation pH was lower with JAM than CMG-adapted batch cultures (P > .05). Preinoculation ORP was lower with stomach batch cultures adapted to CMG than with such adapted to JAM. The ORP increased twofold from pre- to post-incubation with the latter. Asymptotic maximal gas production decreased gradually using cecum, VCA, or CT digesta. Parts of FOS and inulin of digesta are fermented in the stomach, which reduce possible effects on hindgut fermentation. Elevated fermentation may considerably impact stomach health.     

解析儒道文化对胶东民居的影响

从分析儒教文化、道教文化对胶东民居的影响入手,着重分析了＂中庸之道＂对胶东民居建筑格局的影响、仁爱礼制对胶东民居空间序列的影响,指出儒教文化强化了空间的等级秩序和内外界域以及庭院布局的对称格局和有序节奏;同时还分析了道教文化在胶东村落形成方面的影响,突出了胶东民居＂以天合天＂、＂自然而然＂、＂无为而治＂、＂顺乎天性＂的自然哲学观。以对现存民居的实地调研为依据,挖掘传统民居中普遍而朴素的文化价值、现实意义及可持续性,以期为新民居设计提供理论及实践依据。