Canopy density in stands of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris after different thinning methods

Altogether 82 plots (261 estimations) of Picea abies (L.) Karst, and 193 plots (360 estimations) of Pinus sylvestris (L.) stands were estimated by a vertical tube. The “crown free projection”, CFP, of stands thinned in three methods with different thinning grades was measured: unthinned, heavily and very heavily thinned, heavily thinned delayed first thinning, extra heavily thinned and thinned from the top. Basal area (m²ha^?1) density (stems ha^?1) and diameter sum (m ha^?1) were plotted against CFP. Basal area was the best practical measure of stand in this study. Generally Scots pine stands have higher CFP and the curves are steeper than in Norway spruce stands. Depending on the grade of thinning, heavily and very heavily thinned spruce stands, delayed first thinning included, have CFP values of 10–15% and stands thinned from the top, 20–40%, compared with 30–80% and 30–60% respectively in pine stands. Extra heavily thinned stands have the highest CFP, 20–80% in spruce and 50–90% in pine stands. The CFP levels after thinning are too high in pine stands for avoidance of sucker and sprout production of aspen and birch. In dense Norway spruce stands thinned from the top or heavily and very heavily thinned, the CFP values are low enough (≤30%) to diminish the production of suckers.     

利用遥感技术预测人工林木材性质及其产品价值的初探

阐述了遥感技术在森林树冠参数提取以及林木冠层与木材结构、性质间的关系研究现状,分析了树冠冠层和木材性质二者之间潜在的关系,探讨了利用高空间分辨率遥感卫星影像(QuickBird)数据分析林木树冠冠层特征的方法,提出了遥感树冠因子与木材性质间的关系模型的构想,进而进行木材性质的预测和产品经济价值的评价。     

Crown and branch attributes of mid-aged Betula alnoides plantations in response to planting density

Both crown and branch characteristics greatly affect tree growth and timber quality, and their development is closely related to planting density (PD). Here crown and branch attributes of Betula alnoides were investigated in a 14-year-old experimental plantation in southern China with five planting densities ranging from 500 to 3333 stems per hectare (sph). The results showed that high PD significantly reduced crown and branch sizes. The ratios of crown diameter to stem diameter at breast height at the stand level and for dominant and co-dominant trees were almost constant regardless of PD. PD also had no significant influence on the number and angle of branches, and only planting with the highest density significantly increased branch density and mortality. Insertion angle (IA) of dead branches was greater than that of live branches and these differences were significant at the two low planting densities (833 and 500?sph). Linear mixed models revealed that branch diameter (BD) was negatively correlated with its relative height in the crown and IA. The binary-logistic regression model indicated that branch status (live or dead) was codetermined by BD and PD. These findings can help farmers cultivate high-quality wood of B. alnoides and obtain a higher economic return.     

园林大树夏季全冠移植的几项关键技术

园林大树夏季全冠移植是现阶段园林绿化建设的常用手段,通过分析大树移栽的几个关键技术,认为铁勾网包扎可代替木箱移植,抗蒸腾剂技术应深入研究推广,成熟后可用于代替全光喷雾技术。易积水的移栽地可使用根部土壤透气技术。营养液滴注技术使用时应注意输液孔处病虫害的侵袭。文章总结提出了断根处理、树干钉板、根部固定和浇水节律等配套技术,可为园林大树夏季全冠移植工作提供参考。     

马尾松林冠下套种阔叶树种林分的生长效应

在30年生马尾松林下进行了不同阔叶树种套种试验.结果表明:在马尾松林冠下套种不同阔叶树种生长存在明显差异,其蓄积大小排序为拉氏栲>格氏栲>青栲>苦槠,其中20年生拉氏栲的年平均蓄积生长量分别是格氏栲、青栲和苦槠的1.06、1.26和1.49倍;拉氏栲和格氏栲是马尾松林冠下套种的首选树种,生长中等的树种有青栲,苦槠生长较差,不适宜作为马尾松林冠下造林树种;利用马尾松林分具有林冠稀疏和透光度大的特点,在马尾松林冠下套种拉氏栲、格氏栲不仅能充分利用林分地上和地下的空间,而且对于减轻马尾松林松毛虫危害具有重要现实意义,是值得南方林区大力推广的林冠下套种模式.     

木蠹象对受疱锈菌侵染华山松树皮挥发物的EAG和行为反应

采用触角电位仪和"Y"型嗅觉仪分别研究了茶蔗生柱锈菌锈孢子、感疱锈病树皮、华山松健康树皮挥发性成分对华山松木蠹象的触角电生理和引诱活性.羽化3 d的木蠹象对3种挥发性成分在各浓度下都有明显的EAG反应,锈孢子的EAG反应值最大,健康树皮次之,感病树皮最小,且明显小于前二者.同时,嗅觉生测结果证明,锈孢子挥发性成分对木蠹象的引诱活性最低,平均引诱率不超过20%;同样,感病树皮挥发性成分除浓度为1:15外,其余引诱率都低于35%,二者对该虫总体表现出驱避活性;而健康树皮挥发性成分则有明显的引诱活性.EAG反应值与行为反应的趋向率具有一致性.     

不同杨树品种冠径比的差异性分析

对32个杨树品种冠幅与胸径比例关系的差异性进行比较,结果表明:不同杨树品种冠径比存在极显著差异,107杨、鲁山杨、W46杨、95杨、895杨等5个品种具有生长快和冠径比小的优点。冠径比在品种选择和密度确定等方面具有一定参考价值。     

森林火行为与特殊火行为研究进展

森林火灾主要包括地表火、地下火、树冠火3种蔓延形式。目前火蔓延模型主要关注于森林地表火的蔓延研究, 对一些特殊的火行为, 如树冠火、火旋风、飞火等研究极为薄弱, 而这些火行为在特大森林火灾的蔓延传播中起着重要作用, 往往加速火蔓延, 并对扑火人员造成生命危险。我国森林大多集中在山区, 火灾一旦发生, 由于复杂的地形、不均匀的可燃物分布、多变的局地风和林火的相互作用, 极易形成复杂的火行为。文中对森林火灾中的火行为和特殊火行为进行了论述, 讨论了当前的研究进展和未来发展趋势。     

杨树栅锈菌Melampsora spp的数量分类研究

栅锈菌种Melampsora spp.的分类过去主要根据其寄主、转主寄主范围及冬孢子形态特征;但用这个原则对杨树上栅锈菌分类是很困难的。因为:1.冬孢子的相似性,大部分杨树栅锈菌的冬孢子在形态上区别不显著;2.多寄主性;3.交叉发生性;一种杨树甚至同一棵树上能同时有两种栅锈菌存在;4.缺转主寄主性;即有些杨树栅锈菌不经转主寄主而完成生活史;5.强制接种可以使非寄主植物发病。由于分类中遇到的上述困难,使杨树栅锈菌的分类转向了夏孢子阶段的性状。Kraa-     

2002年我国小麦条锈病发生回顾

2002年小麦条锈病是继 1950年、1964年和 1990年后在全国范围内又一次大流行 ,其发生面积近 670万hm²,损失小麦约 10亿kg。发生区域涉及甘、陕、川、渝、云、贵、宁、鄂、豫、鲁、冀等 11个省 (市 )区。 2001年冬季和2002年春季气候适宜 ,以条中 32号小种为代表的毒性菌系的发展 ,使我国绝大部分主栽小麦品种不抗病 ,出现了条锈病发生早、发展快和发生重等特点 ,促成了 2002年我国小麦条锈病的流行。尽管 2002年条锈病发生范围广 ,但损失少于 1990年。提出了以品种抗病性利用及小麦抗病性变异和病菌群体动态监测、药剂和农业防治相结合 ,病害发生流行预测预报和条锈菌菌源基地治理为主的持续治理策略。