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971.
Inheritance of yield components and yield in relation to evidence for heterosis in F1 barley hybrids
Summary Yield components and yield were studied in F1 barley hybrids produced by hand pollination or male sterility. Grain number exhibited only partial dominance but grain weight showed dominance or overdominance and contributed to the heterotic situation particularly in 2×6-row crosses. For the commercial exploitation of heterosis it is essential that hybrids should be found which show greater dominance for high grain number. 相似文献
972.
No information is available on the effects of different biomass yield environments on selection efficiency in switchgrass
(Panicum virgatum L.) breeding improvement. This study was conducted to assess the effects of high- and low-biomass yield environments (HYE
and LYE, respectively) on recurrent selection for general combining ability (RSGCA) in a lowland population of switchgrass
(NL-94). The top 14 of 65 NL-94 C0 parent plants were selected based on biomass yield of half-sib (HS) progeny tested for one post-establishment year under HYE
and LYE conditions. Nine of the 14 C0 parent plants were the same based on HS performance under HYE and LYE. Selected plants were intercrossed to produce NL-94
HYE and NL-94 LYE C1 populations. One hundred and twenty-five HS C1 progeny families (60 NL-94 HYE and 65 NL-94 LYE) were evaluated for biomass yield for 3 years (2002–2004) under HYE and LYE
conditions. The HYE produced about 2.5 times higher biomass yields than the LYE in both C0 and C1 HS progeny tests. Estimated additive genetic variance and predicted gains from selection (ΔG) were high in the C1 populations indicating that RSGCA should achieve higher biomass yields. Mean biomass yields of C1 HS families originating from the LYE protocol were significantly higher than those of families originating from the HYE protocol
in both HYE and LYE performance tests, suggesting greater selection response under LYE in the C0 population. The estimates of narrow-sense heritability (
) and ΔG from the C1 populations indicate that positive response to selection for biomass yield is possible in subsequent cycles of selection
under either HYE or LYE, with a possible small advantage for HYE. 相似文献
973.
Summary Pepino (Solanum muricatum), a vegetatively propagated plant from the Andean region used for its edible fruits, has been identified as a potential crop
for greenhouse cultivation in Mediterranean regions. However, attempts for introducing it have been unsuccessful, either because
of the low yield, poor fruit quality, or both. Screening of germplasm under Mediterranean conditions showed that sources of
variation for high yield existed in the cultivated genepool and that wild species S. caripense and S. tabanoense could contribute to a considerable improvement of soluble solids content (SSC) of pepino. Progenies obtained after crossing
genetically distant (AFLP-based) parental clones were heterotic for yield, and allowed the selection of clones with an improved
combination of yield and SSC. As a result of this intraspecific programme, two new improved cultivars (‘Turia’ and ‘Valencia’),
which outperform the rest of cultivars available, have been selected for cultivation in Mediterranean conditions. The interspecific
programme involved the selection of clones with high yield and SSC in backcross generations. The results show that introgression
of genes from the wild species can contribute to improve the SSC of pepino. The backcross programme is in an advanced stage
and new cultivars derived from the interspecific crosses are expected to be released in a near future. New prospects for the
future in pepino breeding include the genetic transformation, the establishment of a genetic map, and the use of the genomic
information from related Solanaceae important crops. All the information obtained is illustrative for the breeding for adaptation
of vegetatively propagated crops. 相似文献
974.
M. Santalla M. Lema A. P. Rodiño A. M. González A. B. Monteagudo A. M. De Ron 《Euphytica》2005,142(1-2):85-95
Approaches are needed to broaden the genetic base and improve earliness and yield potential of large-seeded beans under sustainable cropping systems. The objective of this research was to develop adapted dwarf bean populations having a commercial seed quality and yield suitable for the production in the South of Europe. The original base populations were produced from crosses between genotypes within each Mesoamerica, Nueva Granada and Peru races, and between Peru and Nueva Granada, and Mesoamerica and Nueva Granada races. Visual mass selection for plant performance was practised in the F2 and F3 generations. In the F4 and F5, single plants were harvested under two cropping systems (sole cropping and intercropping with maize). From F4, selection was based on precocity, combined with seed yield and seed commercial type. The F4:7 selected lines from each original population were compared with their parents and five checks at four environments and two cropping systems. Differences among environments, populations, parents and checks were observed for all traits. Under intercropping with maize, there was a 50% reduction in seed yield. Yield of parents and checks belonging to Andean South American races, intraracial (Nueva Granada × Nueva Granada) and interracial (Nueva Granada × Peru) populations, was higher than that of those of Middle American origin. Intraracial crosses within large-seeded Andean South American (Peru race) and Middle American gene pools (Mesoamerica race) did not produce lines yielding more than the highest yielding parent. Only two large-seeded lines selected from crosses between small- and large-seeded gene pools out-yielded the best parent and check cultivar. 相似文献
975.
黑龙江春玉米种植区高产品种籽粒灌浆、脱水特性及产量分析 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
为了研究不同高产玉米品种在黑龙江春玉米区种植的可行性,以‘先玉335’和‘郑单958’为试材,通过对比分析,探讨2个品种在该地区种植的灌浆和脱水特性。结果表明,‘先玉335’灌浆迅速,生理性脱水快,产量高;‘郑单958’灌浆持续期略长,前期和中期灌浆速率较‘先玉335’慢,但后期灌浆速率和自然性脱水速率都快,产量较高。从气温和降雨特点来看,在黑龙江春玉米种植区部分积温较高地区,可考虑将‘郑单958’作为品种更替及多样化的备选材料。 相似文献
976.
Yields of large-seeded Andean (A) common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars of Chile and Nueva Granada races are 40 to 60% lower compared to their Middle American (M) counterparts of small-seeded Mesoamerica and medium-seeded Durango races. Our objective was to use the concept of congruity backcrossing between Andean x Middle American inter-gene pool [AM 11833 = A 483 (A)///// A 686 (M) //// PVA 800A(A)/// ‘Carioca’ (M)// Carioca (M)/ G 19833 (A)] and between races within Andean gene pool [i.e., intra-gene pool Andean, AA 11834 = A483 (A)//// ‘Cardinal’(A) /// ‘Blanco Español’(A) // BlancoEspañol (A) / ‘Taylor’ (A)] to compare selection for seed yield improvement of large-seeded Andean beans. Seven hundred sixty seven F2-derived F3 (F2:3) families were produced for each population. Visual appraisal for total plant performance, combined with seed yield from non-replicated plots was used for selection of 551 families in F2:3, 182 families in F2:4, and 91 families in F2:5 in each population. Eight hundred twenty three F5:6 lines were developed from the 91 F2:5 families in each population. Visual selection, combined with seed yield in non-replicated plots was again used to select 294 lines in F5:6 in each population. Similarly, 44 highest yielding F5:7 lines were selected in AM 11833 and 39 F5:7 lines in AA 11834. Thus, single plant selections were made in the F2 and F5, and plants within each plot were harvested in bulk in F3, F4, F6, and F7. Thirty nine F5:8 lines from AA 11834 and 44 lines from AM 11833, parents, and checks were evaluated at Popayán and Quilichao, Colombia in 1998 and 1999. Selected lines in both populations, on average, out-yielded the mean of their large-seeded Andean parents. Mean yield of the lines selected from AM 11833 was 50% higher than AA 11834 lines. Twelve F5:8 lines out-yielded the highest yielding Andean parents G 19833 and A 483 in AM 11833, whereas only one line yielded significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the highest yielding parent A 483 in AA 11834. However, none of selected lines out-yielded small-seeded Middle American parents used in AM 11833 (A 686 and ‘Carioca’). The mean 100 seed-weight of AA 11834 was 36 g compared to 28 G for AM 11833 F5:8 lines. Selected lines had similar days to maturity as parents in AM 11833, and matured 3 d later in AA11834. Correlation coefficients between yield and 100 seed-weight were negative in both populations. Yield and days to maturity were positively correlated in AA 11834. 相似文献
977.
Summary Selection criteria for agronomic characters in a potato breeding program at the diploid (2x) level may differ from selection criteria used when selecting breeding lines at the tetraploid (4x) level. Differences between selection criteria are expected, (1) when expression of the characters is different at both ploidy levels and/or (2) when the effect of diploid breeding lines on agronomic characters of tetraploid progenies is different from the effect of tetraploid breeding lines. In this investigation sets of diploid and tetraploid progenies, each set derived from the same 2x.2x cross, were compared as to the expression of six agronomic characters. Diploid progenies had significantly lower yields (due to smaller tubers) and significantly higher under water weights than tetraploid progenies. Vine maturity and chip colour were similarly expressed at both ploidy levels. Correlations between yield and yield components, and between under water weight and chip colour were similar at both ploidy levels. The lower yields and higher under water weights found in diploids point to the need of different selection criteria for selecting diploid and tetraploid breeding lines. 相似文献
978.
Summary Five parents from each of four race groups of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were hybridized to produce five crosses within each group. Also, five crosses were made for each of the six possible combinations among four groups. Parents, F1 and F2, and parents, F2 and F3 were evaluated for seed yield in 1990 and 1991, respecitively, at two locations in Colombia.Yield of parents belonging to Middle American races and crosses among them was higher than that of races of Andean origin. Positive correlations were found among the mid-parent value, F1, F2 and F3. Also, the mid-parent value predicted the mean seed yield of all possible lines that could be derived from the F-generation in 42 out of 47 crosses. Four crosses, all between common bean races of Andean and Middle American origin, indicated a possible loss of favorable epistatic parental alleles. On average, mean yield of interracial F1 hybrids was higher than that of intraracial ones.Positive heteroris (26.4%–123.8%) over the mid-parent in 31 crosses, and F1s yielding higher (23.7%–91.8%) than the high parent in 20 crosses and yielding higher (22.1%–53.2%) than the highest control among all parents (MAM 13) in 12 crosses, were found. Heritability, estimated by the parent-offspring regression, ranged from 0.42± 0.07 to 0.49±0.04. Expected and realized gains from selection (at 20% selection pressure) ranged from 10.3% to 21.0% over the mean of F1 hybrids and F2 and F3 population bulks. 相似文献
979.
S. P. Singh 《Plant Breeding》1995,114(3):269-271
The objective of this study was to compare the seed yield, seed weight, and maturity of random lines derived from two contrasting populations of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.): Middle American (TR 7790) and Andean × Middle American (TR 7791). TR 7790 involved crosses between common-bean races of Middle American origin only (Mesoamerica and Durango), whereas TR 7791 involved crosses between races of Middle American and Andean origin (Mesoamerica and Nueva Granada). A total of 85 random lines from each of these two double-cross, interracial populations, a bulk sample of both populations, and all parents were evaluated in a replications-in-set design in eight environments in Colombia between 1991 and 1993. The mean yields of parents, population bulk, and lines from TR 7790 were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of TR 7791. Six lines in TR 7790 and nine lines in TR 7791 yielded significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the mean of their parents. Four lines from TR 7790 out-yielded the highest-yielding line from TR 7791. Moreover, while three lines from TR 7790 out-yielded its best parent, none of the lines from TR 7791 out-yielded its highest yielding parent. Thus, substantial yield gains should be expected from interracial populations within the Middle American group of common beans, whereas selection for higher seed yield from Andean × Middle American populations would seem problematic. 相似文献
980.