华南地区高大平房仓综合控温模式试验

根据华南地区生态条件,通过高温期间开展空调调节仓温等综合控温措施,基本实现了低温、低药量保粮,延缓了储粮品质劣变并抑制了虫霉活动。     

甘肃白水江林区落叶松球蚜红杉亚种发生及防治

落叶松球蚜红杉亚种以成虫和若虫群集在落叶松嫩枝、梢、针叶上吸食汁液。温度和湿度对红松球蚜的发生影响较大；相对湿度在58％-70％时，危害严重；相对湿度在75％以上时，落叶松球蚜数量减少；5月为发生危害高峰期。施药区相对防治效果可达92．4％。     

温度与饲粮维生素C水平对后备蛋鸭血清免疫和抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究温度与饲粮维生素C水平蛋鸭的血清免疫和抗氧化指标的影响.选取12周龄金定鸭216只,温度设低温(2±1)℃和适温(18±1)℃2个水平;饲粮中的维生素C添加水平分别为0、200和800 mg/kg.试验共6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复6只试验鸭.试验期为6周.试验结果表明:1)低温使血清维生素C浓度显著降低了27.78%(P＜0.05),对氧化氢酶(CAT)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)、白介素2(IL-2)、免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgA、IgM)、生长激素(GH)、胰岛素(Ins)、胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-I)、瘦素(Lep)、皮质醇(Cort)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)和甲状腺素(T4)的含量影响显著(P＜0.05);2)饲粮中添加200 mg/kg维生素C时,血清维生素C、IGF-I、Lep水平显著升高(P＜0.05),Cort浓度显著降低(P＜0.05);3)温度和维生素C的交互作用对Cort的含量的影响极显著(P＜0.01),对IGF-I、Lep、IgG和IgA的含量影响显著(P＜0.05),对GH、Ins、维生素C、L3、T4及各个抗氧化指标的影响没达到显著水平(P＞0.05).结果提示,低温影响后备蛋鸭血清维生素C的浓度,但饲粮中添加200 mg/kg维生素C时,可提高在低温条件下的后备蛋鸭血液维生素C的水平、提高血液中Lep和IGF-I的浓度、增强机体抗氧化和抗寒冷应激能力.     

高温条件下复合抗应激剂对肉鸡的影响

本文研究了高温条件下复合抗应激剂对肉鸡的影响。结果表明：经历３２ ℃一周的５ ～８ 周龄肉鸡采食量、增重、饲料转化率均显著下降（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ，饮服复合抗应激剂显著改善增重和饲料转化率（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ， 采食量未见明显改变，饲料转化率达到常温水平。３２ ℃１６ 小时血浆皮质酮、Ｔ３ 显著下降（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 、Ｔ４ 显著升高（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ；３２ ℃１２０ 小时血浆皮质酮、Ｔ３ 升高并超出常温组（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 、Ｔ４ 较１６ 小时下降但仍高出常温组（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 。饮服复合抗应激剂时血浆皮质酮、Ｔ３ 、Ｔ４ 显现相同变化规律，但这种变化得到显著缓解     

Osmotically Primed Seed and Seedling Reactions to Variations in Day/Night Temperature

The effects of alternating day/night temperatures, varying in maxima and minima but all averaging 30 °C, on germination and seedling characteristics of Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench) were investigated. Seeds of sorghum CSV 15 were soaked in 2, 4 or 6 g NaCl l⁻¹ solutions for 2 days at 25 °C, soaked in water for 1 day at 25 °C, or untreated. After treatment, drying and storage, seeds were germinated at 30/30 (day/night), 35/25, 40/20 or 41/19 °C temperature regimes under a polyethylene glycol-induced drought level of −3 bar. Results revealed no advancement of germination percentage but a partial increase in germination speed by osmotic seed treatments. All three osmotic treatments also reduced the plumule/radicle ratio owing to a speculated increase in root over shoot growth. Temperature regimes significantly influenced both germination and seedling characteristics with the optimum temperature appearing to be 35/25 °C. Increasing the temperature amplitude from 30/30 to 35/25 °C increased germination speed, which was reduced by incremental increases in temperature amplitude to 40/20 or 41/19 °C.     

Effect of Temperature and Photoperiod on the Development of Lupinus albus L. in a Controlled Environment

An experiment to determine the effect of temperature and photoperiod on Lupinus albus under controlled environmental conditions was carried out, using the three Lupinus albus genotypes 'Tifwhite', 'Esta' and 'Kiev', and three temperature (10/20, 18/28 and 20 °C continuously) and two photoperiod (8 and 16 h daylength) regimes, in all combinations. Half of the seeds were vernalized for 21 days at 4 °C to alleviate the obligate vernalization requirement of Tifwhite. Although Esta and Kiev do not have obligate vernalization requirements, they were influenced by this vernalization period. Observations included the duration of the period from planting to seedling emergence, the duration of the period from planting to the beginning of flowering and the duration of flowering. The vernalization treatment accelerated plant development in all genotypes. The period from planting to emergence was shorter under the higher temperature regime. For all genotypes, the period from planting to flowering was shorter under the longer photoperiod, the same trend as would be expected for long-day plants. Duration of flowering periods were, in contrast to pre-flowering periods, shorter for all genotypes at cooler temperatures. The results of this study confirm that photoperiod does contribute to the growth period from planting to flowering in L. albus and that this species does behave as a long-day plant.     

烘炉温度无线检测系统设计

提出了一种检测烘炉温度的无线数字检测系统.该系统将无线收发模块nRF905与单片机系统相结合,实现无线温度检测,其也适用于其他领域设备的温度无线测量.     

低温弱光对不同品种黄瓜苗期^14C—同化物运输分配的影响

在低温和弱光下对５个不同来源的黄瓜品种苗期＾１４Ｃ－同化物运输分配进行了研究。结果表明，两种低温２０℃／１０℃（昼／夜）和１５℃持续低温均明显地抑制了喂叶同化物的运输率，与对照均呈极显著差异，显著的抑制部位是向其它叶的运输，而生长点，茎和根系部分均未受一抑制，与对照无明显差异，低温下不同品种间的不同部位的同化物的运输分配未出现显著差异。     

Changes in NMR Relaxation of Rice Grains,Kernel Quality and Physicochemical Properties in Response to a High Temperature after Flowering in Heat-Tolerant and Heat-Sensitive Rice Cultivars

Abstract

Rice productivity is related to the ability of plants to adapt to heat stress. The heat-tolerant cultivars ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’ and heat-sensitive cultivar ‘Hinohikari’ were grown at 30ºC and 25ºC for 49 days after flowering. At 30ºC, only a few white immature kernels were produced in ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’, but about 22% of grains had immature kernels in ‘Hinohikari’. The high temperature(30ºC) caused no significant changes in grain dry weight, water content, and the NMR T₁ value during the early ripening stage in ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’. It also did not affect grain development, especially with respect to the nucellar epidermis, in ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’, but caused clear cessation of development of the nucellar epidermis at 14 days after flowering in ‘Hinohikari’. In addition, high temperature decreased the amylose content and increased hardnessvs. adhesion ratio of cooked rice in both ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’ resulting a softer, less sticky texture, but not in ‘Hinohikari’. The maximum viscosity and breakdown values were increased, and final viscosity decreased at 30ºC in all three cultivars. These results suggested that starch in the endosperm of grains changed from a fluid state to a doughy state more slowly in ‘Nikomaru’ and ‘Chikushi 64’ than in ‘Hinohikari’, in which the water content and NMR relaxation time decreased, and transported assimilates accumulated slowly during grain development.     

Expression Patterns of the Serine Protease Gene AlSP 3 in Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera: Miridae) at Different Temperatures

As an important digestive enzyme gene, the serine protease gene AlSP 3 plays a key role in Apolygus lucorum for digesting conventional cotton. To understand the effect of different temperatures on the expression level of AlSP 3, we analyzed the expression patterns of AlSP 3 in A. lucorum reared at different temperatures using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that at the normal temperature of 24 ℃, the expression of AlSP 3 in A .lucorum at different nymphal stages was similar. The expressions of AlSP 3 in the female adult at the pre-mating stage and the male adult at post-mating stage were 19.71- and 7.16-fold higher than their control at the 1^st nymphal stage, respectively, which were significantly higher than at any other stages. However, expression in the 4^th to 5^th A. lucorum at the nymphal stage increased with rising temperature in the range of 21～30 ℃. At 30 ℃, the expression of AlSP 3 in the 2nd to 5^th A. lucorum was the highest. The expression levels of AlSP 3 in adult A. lucorum reared at different temperatures during the new emergence and pre-mating stages were significantly higher than that of the control reared at 24 ℃ (P < 0.01), while the expression during the post-mating stage at 18℃ was higher than that at other temperatures. When incubated at extreme temperatures (4 ℃ and 40 ℃), the expression of AlSP 3 in female and male adult A. lucorum was significantly higher than that at 24 ℃ (P < 0.01). Taken together, our results showed that the external environment temperature and the internal stage of A. lucorum or its sex all had significant effects on the expression of AlSP 3 in A. lucorum (P < 0.01), and that there was some interactions between them. Therefore, AlSP 3 is very important for the female adult A. lucorum to obtain nutrition at the early stages and temperature is an important limiting factor for the expression of AlSP 3.