楸树的初代培养研究

以楸树的4个品种(类型)(圆基长果楸、豫楸1号、豫楸2号和梓树)为材料进行组织培养研究,试验结果表明:(1)通过豫楸1号和圆基长果楸在MS、1/2MS、N6、WPM、B55种基本培养基上的诱导率和启动时间确定了该实验的最佳培养基为N6,其诱导率达80%,接种后2 d即启动。(2)外植体的消毒方式采用75%的酒精和0.1%HgC l2双步消毒,4个品种(类型)中豫楸2号的成活率最高,污染率最小。而不同品种(类型)最适消毒时间分别为:圆基长果楸5 min、豫楸1号8 min、豫楸2号7 min、梓树9.5 min。(3)大田栽培的圆基长果楸的污染率是温室栽培下的4~6倍,而成活率仅为温室栽培下的1/4,温室栽培的材料更适于进行组织培养。(4)豫楸1号在30 d内的污染率动态变化表明,外植体在接种7 d后出现污染,而主要污染发生在接种后的第14 d和第21 d。     

结肠小袋纤毛虫体外培养特性的初步观察

目的观察结肠小袋纤毛虫（Balantidium coli）在体外培养条件下的生长情况。方法取粪样分别置于4℃～8℃冰箱,28℃和37℃恒温培养箱中,观察记录虫体数量,统计不同温度条件下滋养体生存时间。28℃恒温条件下,将粪液加入不同稀释液（蒸馏水、生理盐水及洛克氏液）中,观察滋养体的活力及数量;采用同样的观察方法,统计滋养体在双相培养基以及免血水培养基内的生存时间。在28℃和37℃恒温条件下,分别观察滋乔体在RSS培养液（Ringer液＋血清＋米粉）及不加米粉的RSS培养液内的生存时间。结果结肠小袋纤毛虫滋养体在体外的最适生存温度为28℃,在洛克氏夜中生存时间明显长于生理盐水和蒸馏水,在RSS培养基及双相培养基中可在培养24h时达到高峰。在含有诺氟沙星的兔血水培养基中,滋养体的数量可在培养后96h达到高峰,生存时间可达到180h。结论结肠小袋纤毛虫体外培养受很多因素的影响,有待于进一步研究。     

实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测禽白血病病毒J亚群

将禽白血病病毒J亚群(ALV-J)NX0101毒株接种1日龄和7日龄SPF雏鸡并设阴性对照组,采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法,定期检测病毒在体内的复制情况。根据GenBank发表的ALV-Jenv基因保守序列(AY897227)设计1对特异性引物扩增目的基因;根据鸡的3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(GAPDH)基因序列(K01458),在保守区内设计1对引物扩增内参照基因,分别克隆入质粒作为标准品制作标准曲线,采用SYBR GreenⅠ染料建立荧光定量PCR法,并对方法的特异性、敏感性和重复性进行评价。结果显示,标准曲线的Ct值与标准品浓度的对数值之间存在线性关系;最低每个反应可检测到60个拷贝的病毒数,比常规PCR灵敏度高1 000倍。检测结果分别采用绝对定量法和相对定量法进行分析,都达到了良好的效果。通过对病毒含量变化的检测发现,在雏鸡4周龄时,2个接毒组ALV-J病毒突然呈对数式增长。据此分析ALV-J病毒在体内经过3~4周潜伏后,突然呈暴发式增长,这种情况可能和临床表现的免疫抑制直接相关。结果表明,本试验建立了一种特异性强、敏感性高、可定量分析ALV-J病毒增殖的方法,为进一步相关研究奠定了基础。     

不同腐熟剂接种下肉牛粪污腐熟进程的比较研究

通过肉牛粪污好氧堆肥发酵,对接种不同腐熟剂与空白处理堆肥过程进行物理化性质分析比较,研究不同腐熟剂接种对堆肥过程的影响。结果表明：向堆肥物料中添加腐熟剂可加快堆肥升温速度,提高水分散失率、有机质降解速率,加快粪污腐熟进程,缩短堆肥周期;自主研发腐熟剂和市售腐熟剂堆肥效果相似,项目组自主研发腐熟剂具有加速肉牛粪污腐熟进程的功效。     

利用作物生长模型和时序信号甄别水稻镉胁迫

在自然农田生态系统中,农作物的生长通常受到各类环境胁迫（如重金属胁迫、病虫害、水分、营养）的影响,如何区分重金属胁迫与其他胁迫有待进一步研究。该研究选取了湖南省株洲为试验区,收集2017-2019年的Sentinel-2卫星影像数据,结合野外实测数据,开展水稻重金属镉（Cd）胁迫识别研究。首先,利用作物生长模型World Food Studies（WOFOST）同化时序遥感数据获取每年的叶面积指数（Leaf Area Index,LAI）时间序列曲线;然后运用集合经验模态分解（Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,EEMD）方法对LAI时间序列进行多尺度分解,得到不同的时序信号分量（Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF）;最后使用动态时间规整（Dynamic Time Warping,DTW）方法计算受胁迫水稻分解后的时间序列与健康水稻分解后的时间序列之间的DTW距离,即归一化胁迫指数。结果表明：归一化胁迫指数是水稻重金属胁迫敏感的参数,与土壤重金属含量的相关系数为0.851,水稻受到的胁迫程度越高,归一化胁迫指数值越大,反之越低;在试验区中,水稻重度重金属胁迫的分布面积比例相对较低,且主要集中在西部、东北部以及偏东南地区。融合集合经验模态分解和动态时间规整方法能有效地甄别并定量分析水稻重金属胁迫状况,从而为作物重金属污染胁迫监测提供重要参考。     

牡丹江地区山楂最佳采收期评价

[目的]评价牡丹江地区山楂最佳采收期.[方法]对牡丹江地区山楂果实发育情况进行观测,应用Logistic方程拟合山楂果实生长曲线.[结果]表明,Logistic方程拟合优度(R2)为0.95513,拟合效果好,模型选择正确,预测结果较真.[结论]最佳采收期应不迟于山楂落花后第19.8周,牡丹江地区表现为应在10月上旬进...     

应用滤波方法提高高山松地上生物量遥感估测精度的研究

基于1987年、1992年、1997年、2002年、2007年、2012年分布在香格里拉市的34个高山松固定样地数据,以及Landsat时间序列数据集,利用谷歌地球引擎和Python,通过3种滤波算法对时间序列数据进行重构,应用随机森林算法对森林地上生物量进行估测,根据模型评价指标对重构前后时间序列数据的估测效果进行分析。结果表明：采用3种不同滤波方法重构的时间序列数据训练的非参数模型,其拟合精度和预测精度均高于滤波前时间序列的预测精度,整体均方根误差和相对均方根误差指标均优于滤波前数据,其中ARMIA方法最佳。应用滤波方法在一定程度消除了影像自身所携带的大量噪声和不确定性,有效地提高了数据质量,提高了高山松地上生物量遥感估测的精度。     

Piscine reovirus in wild and farmed salmonids in British Columbia,Canada: 1974–2013

Piscine reovirus (PRV) was common among wild and farmed salmonids in British Columbia, western Canada, from 1987 to 2013. Salmonid tissues tested for PRV by real‐time rRT‐PCR included sections from archived paraffin blocks from 1974 to 2008 (n = 363) and fresh‐frozen hearts from 2013 (n = 916). The earliest PRV‐positive sample was from a wild‐source steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), from 1977. By histopathology (n = 404), no fish had lesions diagnostic for heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI). In some groups, lymphohistiocytic endocarditis affected a greater proportion of fish with PRV than fish without PRV, but the range of Ct values among affected fish was within the range of Ct values among unaffected fish. Also, fish with the lowest PRV Ct values (18.4–21.7) lacked endocarditis or any other consistent lesion. From 1987 to 1994, the proportion of PRV positives was not significantly different between farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. (44% of 48), and wild‐source salmonids (31% of 45). In 2013, the proportion of PRV positives was not significantly different between wild coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), sampled from British Columbia (5.0% of 60) or the reference region, Alaska, USA (10% of 58).     

Effect of ruminal dosing of mechanical stimulating brush on rumination time, ruminal passage rate and rumen fermentation status in Holstein steers fed a concentrate diet

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of ruminal dosing of a mechanical stimulating brush on rumination time, ruminal passage rate and rumen fermentation status in steers fed a concentrate diet at maintenance level. Animals were dosed three Rumen Faibu (RF) per head through the rumen fistulae (RF treatment) and not dosed (control) in a change‐over design. The organic cell wall content of the concentrate diet was 12.7% of dry matter. Daily time spent on rumination was very short in both treatments with 24 min in RF treatment and 15 min in control. The turnover rate of ruminal fluid in RF treatment was higher than that in control. There were no differences in ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentration between RF treatment and control. Acetic and butyric acid concentrations were not different between the treatments. Propionic acid concentration tended to be higher in the animals on RF treatment than in control animals. The RF dosing in Holstein steers fed a low fiber diet did not affect the rumination time, but increased rumen digesta passage rate and ruminal propionic acid production.     

Qualitative tear film and conjunctival goblet cell assessment of cats with corneal sequestra

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the tear film qualitatively and conjunctival goblet cell numbers in cats with and without corneal sequestra. ANIMALS STUDIED AND PROCEDURES: This was a prospective evaluation of 11 cats with corneal sequestra and 14 control eyes that were either the contralateral normal eye when the sequestrum was unilateral or from control cats of similar age with no ocular disease. All cats in this study were examined by a veterinary ophthalmologist. The ophthalmic examinations included a neuro-ophthalmic evaluation, Schirmer tear tests, fluorescein staining, tear film break-up times, applanation tonometry, biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. The palpebral conjunctiva at the dorsal nasal, ventral nasal, dorsal temporal and ventral temporal fornices were biopsied after topical anesthetic was applied to the cornea and conjunctiva. The conjunctival biopsies were fixed in formalin and sectioned routinely and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and periodic acid-Schiff. These slides were examined by light microscopy by a blinded examiner. Goblet cell numbers were compared to conjunctival basal epithelial cell numbers by region. The goblet cell numbers by region from the eyes with sequestra was statistically compared to those from eyes without sequestra, with a student's paired t-test. Conjunctival swabs were collected from the cats with corneal sequestra and submitted for polymerase chain reaction for Herpes felis, Chlamydia psiitticia, and Mycoplasma felis. The corneal sequestra were removed by surgical keratectomy and fixed and stained routinely, and examined by light microscopy. RESULTS: No neurologic abnormalities were detected in any of the cats. The Schirmer tear tests (eyes with sequestra 14+/-5.1 mm/min; normal eyes 15+/-6.8 mm/min) and intraocular pressures (eyes with sequestra 21+/-6.6; normal eyes 22+/-5.8) were within normal reference ranges for cats. Biomicroscopic examinations revealed varied sizes and depths of brown- and amber-colored corneal sequestra. No abnormalities were noted on indirect ophthalmoscopic examinations. The tear film break-up time was 21 s (+/-12) for the normal eyes (n=14) and 14 s (+/-13) in eyes with corneal sequestra (n=11). The average goblet/epithelial cell ratios by region for the normal eyes and the eyes with sequestra respectively were 0.66, 0.56 for the dorsal nasal fornix, 0.68, 0.57 for the ventral nasal fornix, 0.63, 0.48 for the temporal dorsal fornix, and 0.55, 0.49 for the temporal ventral fornix. There were no significant differences in tear film break-up times and goblet cell numbers in eyes with corneal sequestra and those without sequestra. Three conjunctival swabs from two of 11 cats with sequestra were positive with PCR for Herpes felis virus. These included one cat with bilateral sequestra and one cat with unilateral corneal sequestrum. CONCLUSIONS: The pathogenesis of feline corneal sequestra does not appear to be linked primarily to abnormal goblet cell numbers, qualitative tear film abnormalities, and accelerated tear film break-up time.