Strawberry Production,Growth and Development in Northern Climates

Abstract

This paper focuses on the cropping systems in northern European countries such as Norway and Finland. Winter injury commonly occurs in strawberry fields in northern climates and inadequate snow cover further aggravates the problem. During the last decade there has been an increase in programmed “out-of-season” strawberry production. Greenhouse producers aim for year-round production, whereas those using polyethylene tunnels extend the main production season to include May/June and September/October. The dominant strawberry cultivars in Nordic countries are ‘Senga Sengana’ for the processing industry and the Dutch cultivar ‘Korona’ is preferred for direct fresh market consumption due to its good flavor and high yields. Recently, ‘Honeoye’ has gained considerable interest among Danish and Swedish growers due to its high productivity and its relatively low susceptibility to grey mold. In Finland, the Norwegian cultivar ‘Jonsok’ is one of the most popular cultivars due to its high tolerance to winter injury and grey mold.     

呼伦贝尔地区麦类密植播种的试验研究

针对呼伦贝尔地区现有免耕播种机行距宽、麦类作物出苗后封垄不好导致水分蒸发快、杂草不易控制、秋收割晒时易掉沟或塌铺以及单位面积土地利用率不高等问题,在现有2 BMG-24型免耕施肥播种机基础上进行改造,形成缩垄增行免耕施肥播种机,使种植行距由传统的16cm 缩减到10cm,并进行了大麦和小麦的对比试验研究。结果表明：小麦密植播种的株高、穗粒数和千粒质量较常规播种分别减少4．9％,8．3％和0．8％,但每公顷穗数增加了17．6％;大麦密植播种的株高和千粒质量无明显变化,平均每穗粒数减少1粒,但每公顷穗数增加了22．2％。     

我国农业种植结构的调整与优化

种植业作为农业的基础,要使农业在整个国民经济中充分发挥其基础作用,首要任务是应该促使农业种植业生产持续地稳定、高产、高质和高经济效益。因此,调整和优化农业的种植结构是发展现代农业的必由之路。     

植质钵育秧盘蒸汽烘干工艺参数的优化研究

以植质钵育秧盘试样为研究对象,以YXQ-LS-50SⅡ立式电热压力蒸汽灭菌器作为烘干设备,对植质钵育秧盘蒸汽烘干工艺参数进行优化研究。通过单因素试验,确定了试样成分配比、烘干时间以及烘干温度为主要影响因素,给出了各因素取值范围。通过正交试验,分析得出各因素对评价指标的影响程度,得到了最佳工艺参数(即成分配比)为62%:20%:3%:15%,烘干时间为16h,烘干温度为125℃。     

AGRONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND PROFITABILITY OF P-FERTILIZERS APPLIED AT DIFFERENT PLANTING DENSITIES OF MAIZE IN NORTHWEST PAKISTAN

The use of appropriate source of phosphorus (P) fertilizer at different planting densities has considerable impact on growth, grain yield as well as profitability of maize (Zea mays L). Field experiment was conducted in order to investigate the impact of P sources [(S₀ = P not applied, S₁ = SSP (single super phosphate) S₂ = NP (nitrophos), and S₃ = DAP (diammonium phosphate)] on maize growth analysis, yield and economic returns planted at different planting densities (D₁ = 40,000, D₂ = 60,000, D₃ = 80,000, and D₄ = 100,000 plants ha^?1) at the New Developmental Agricultural Research Farm of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan, during summer 2006. This paper reports the profitability data with two objectives: 1) to compare agronomic efficiency and profitability of P-fertilizers, and 2) to know whether plant densities affect agronomic efficiency and profitability of P-fertilizers. Application of DAP and SSP resulted in higher partial factor productivity (PFP) (63.58 and 61.92 kg grains kg^?1 P), agronomic efficiency (AE) (13.01 and 13.71 kg grains kg^?1 P) and net returns (NR) (Rs. 16,289 and 16,204 ha^?1), respectively, while NP stood at the bottom in the ranking with lower PFP (57.16 kg grains kg^?1 P), AE (8.94 kg grains kg^?1 P) and NR (Rs. 4,472 ha^?1). Among the plant densities, D₃ stood first with maximum PFP (69.60 kg grains kg^?1 P), AE (18.21 kg grains kg^?1 P) and NR (Rs. 21,461 ha^?1) as compared to other plant densities. In conclusion, the findings suggest that growing maize at D₃ applied with either SSP or DAP is more profitable in the wheat-maize cropping system in the study area.     

水稻新品种开粳1号特征特性及高产栽培技术

开粳1号以秋田32为母本,沈抗1585-3为父本杂交选育而成。生育期156～158d。株高95～105cm,穗长17～19cm,穗粒数85粒,平均产量549.8kg/667m2,其糙米率、精米率等指标7项达部颁优质粳米一级,2项达二级。提出了播期、稀播稀种、科学施肥、浅水间歇灌溉、综合防治病虫草害等主要高产栽培技术措施。     

豫北两熟区不同夏播作物对后茬冬小麦中后期群体微环境及产量的影响

为探讨不同夏播作物前茬对后茬冬小麦生长和产量的影响,在河南省新乡市获嘉县开展田间二因素试验,设置两个不同施肥水平(常规施肥和不施氮肥)和三种夏播作物前茬(玉米、大豆和花生),分析小麦拔节期至成熟期叶面积指数(LAI)、叶夹角(LA)、光合有效辐射(PAR)、叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD)、叶绿素荧光(F_v/F_m),以及土壤含水量(SWC)、土壤温度(Ts)和土壤呼吸速率(Rs)变化,并在成熟期测定小麦产量及其构成因素。结果表明,与常规施肥(CK)相比,不施氮肥条件下不同前茬的小麦LA略增,而LAI、IPAR、SPAD、F_v/F_m、SWC、Ts和Rs均有所降低。不施氮肥条件下,花生前茬的小麦LAI、IPAR、SPAD、F_v/F_m、SWC、Ts和Rs均显著低于其他两种前茬(P<0.05),其中花生、大豆和玉米前茬的SWC较CK的降幅分别为13.56%、13.39%和10.77%。与CK相比,不施氮肥条件下,花生前茬的小麦LA较CK的增幅在3种前茬中居中,小麦...     

两种密度系谱法选择玉米自交系的一般配合力分析

【目的】探究高密度选育玉米自交系的效果。【材料】将3个二环系的S1代玉米育种材料等分为2份,在97500和60000株/hm2两个密度下连续自交选择两代,各二环系的S3代与测验种杂交形成3组试验材料,采用NCⅡ遗传设计分析两种密度下的选择效果。【结果】3个育种材料S3代单株粒重一般配合力(GCA)的最大值分别为29.4236,18.1563和14.7467,均出现在高密度选系内;高、低两种密度选系的GCA总合平均分别为43.4906和-43.4938;高密度选系GCA>5的自交系共17个,占所有被测系的50%,低密度选系GCA>5的自交系有8个,占所有被测系的23.5%。试验的16个S1中,有10个S1高密度选系的GCA相对较大,而GCA相对较大的S1低密度选系仅有2个,4个S1在高密度选择中其S2代被淘汰。在低密度选择的S3,经测配其GCA均较低。【结论】高密度创造的逆境环境条件简单易行,能准确、有效、经济地选育出一般配合力较高的玉米自交系。     

基于Google Earth Engine平台的关中冬小麦面积时空变化监测

以关中地区为研究区,基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)平台,根据冬小麦生育期内归一化植被指数(NDVI)时序曲线和物候特征,采用NDVI重构增幅算法和光谱突变斜率,构建了关中地区冬小麦提取模型并实现了冬小麦种植面积的提取。用农业统计面积验证提取结果表明:在市级和县级尺度上,决定系数R²分别为0.82和0.62,一致性指标d分别为0.95和0.84,提取结果与实地调查数据的空间一致性精度为93.4%。结果显示:关中地区冬小麦主要分布在中部关中平原,冬小麦种植面积在2011—2017年呈下降趋势,减少了83.22×10³ hm²(8.47%)。综合考虑冬小麦NDVI时序曲线的"峰""谷"特征,具有一定的普适性,可为大面积连续年份冬小麦种植面积时空监测提供参考。     

北京市西瓜种植收益的回归分析——以844户农户调查为例

依据2015年北京市西瓜种植的调研数据,通过建立多元线性回归模型,进行了成本效益的实证分析。研究发现,产量、价格、文化程度、种植面积、种植模式、灌溉方式、销售方式、种植费用是影响西瓜种植收益的主要影响因素,结合分析结果和本次调研情况,指出应当从改善经营管理方式、加强政府引导、提高组织化程度三个方面着手,提高西瓜种植的收益。