Selection for non-branching in castor, Ricinus communis L.

A 5-year selection programme was conducted to obtain an unbranched type of castor plant suitable for efficient mechanical harvesting. Each population (S_n) consisted of several progenies obtained from the selfed main raceme of unbranched plants selected in the previous generation (S_n-1). After self-fertilization of all individuals, selection was conducted in the autumn, at the end of the cycle, so as to have fully developed plants. Unbranched plants were counted in each generation. Comparisons between populations showed significant differences owing to increased recovery of the selected phenotype over the generations. The final population could be useful as a source for the development of improved cultivars in future breeding programmes.     

扁桃的栽培管理及开发利用

扁桃是世界名贵的干果树种和优质木本油料树种,种仁具有极高的食用价值、药用价值及工业用价值,也是我国的重要出口物资,其开发利用价值巨大。本文重点介绍了扁桃的栽培管理技术及其开发利用。     

馅用耐热大棵小白菜品种比较研究

对9个小白菜品种夏季育苗移栽后的生长情况和馅用特性进行了研究。结果表明,五月慢、火青菜植株高大,开展度大,产量高,但叶柄比例大,植株含水量高,出馅率低,馅色偏白,且五月慢抗病性较差;夏冠和京油1号植株矮小,产量低;京冠2号易抽薹;抗热605抗病性较差;均不适宜作夏季馅用大棵小白菜栽培。暑绿、京冠1号和F-143株型适中,产量较高,出馅率高,馅色绿,口感好,适宜作夏季馅用大棵小白菜栽培。     

An overview of potentially life-threatening poisonous plants in dogs and cats

Objectives: This article discusses the toxicity of the most common poisonous plants known to cause life‐threatening systemic effects or death in dogs and cats as reported to the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC). Data sources: The article presents an overview of geographic distribution, toxic principle, clinical signs, clinical chemistry alterations, and treatment of intoxication as reported in the literature and based upon data retrieved from the APCC between January 2001 and December 2003. Summary: Most plant exposures in dogs or cats result in mild to moderate signs of vomiting and diarrhea while liver, kidney, central nervous system, or cardiovascular effects are rare. Some garden or household plants can cause serious systemic effects or death when a small amount of plant material has been ingested. Based on APCC records, the most frequently reported poisonous plants causing serious systemic effects include Lily (Lilium and Hemerocallis spp.), Azalea (Rhododendron spp.), Oleander (Nerium oleander), Sago palm (Cycas spp.), Castor bean (Ricinus communis), Kalanchoe (Kalanchoe spp.), and Autumn Crocus (Colchicum autumnale). Conclusion: Despite the variety of toxins present in the plants listed above, early clinical signs of toxicosis in dogs and cats can be nonspecific and can include vomiting, lethargy, anorexia, salivation, or diarrhea. Cardiac arrhythmias may be present with oleander, azalea, or kalanchoe ingestion. Evidence of liver or kidney damage (Cycas, Lilium, Hemerocallis spp., Ricinus communis) may occur 1–2 days after the exposure. Treatment consists of early decontamination and supportive care and may vary according to the type of plant involved and clinical signs present.     

桃叶片组织结构与其抗旱性关系的研究

对6个栽培桃品种的叶片组织结构进行解剖观察,并测定了叶片结构参数.结果表明,各品种间叶片厚度、表皮毛密度、上表皮细胞大小、气孔密度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、叶片组织结构紧密度、疏松度、栅栏组织与海绵组织厚度比等指标差异较大.表皮厚度、角质层厚度、气孔长度各品种间无明显差异.其中,气孔密度大、栅栏组织较厚、叶片组织紧密度大、疏松度小、栅栏组织与海绵组织厚度比较高、上表皮细胞较小者抗旱性较强.     

喷施植物生长调节剂对蓖麻营养和生殖生长的影响

对蓖麻幼苗喷施不同浓度的植物生长调节剂(IAA、6—BA、GA3、KT),并以清水处理为对照,观测分析植物生长调节剂对蓖麻营养生长及生殖生长的影响。结果表明:100 mg/L的IAA、100~200 mg/L的6-BA、200 mg/L的GA3和100~200 mg/L的KT对蓖麻的地径和株高均有促进作用,KT则提早了始花期;IAA延迟了蓖麻的始花期,但提高了蓖麻花序总长度和雌花序的长度。其中200 mg/L IAA分别使花序总长度和雌花序长度增长了26.38%和56.17%。植物生长调节剂影响种子的大小和色泽,对种子含油率无明显影响。     

小白菜对外源甘氨酸响应的品种差异

选用常规栽培的8个小白菜品种,以清水作为对照,研究喷施甘氨酸后小白菜生长和氮代谢的品种差异。试验结果表明,与对照相比,甘氨酸处理提高了除五月慢以外其他7个品种的鲜重、干重、含氮率、氮累积量,同时提高了各品种的可溶性蛋白质含量;在硝态氮含量与游离氨基酸含量方面,各品种响应存在较大差异。说明了甘氨酸可以作为一种氮源供植物利用,且不同品种对甘氨酸的响应不同。喷施甘氨酸后,华王、金申热情干、鲜重最高。聚类分析,华王、金申热情、五月慢、长征52号、长征53号、917喷施甘氨酸后硝态氮提高百分比较低,其他品种提高百分比较高。因此华王与金申热情为吸收并利用甘氨酸较高、植株硝态氮含量较低的品种。     

荻芦害虫的综合治理

阐明了在一年生的荻芦多样化系统内荻芦害虫综合治理的可行性，叙述了农业防治、生物防治、化学防治、物理防治和人工防治的具体做法，供各地具体操作时参考。     

三峡库区消落带现状与对策研究

芦苇不但有很高的经济价值,在环境保护方面也具有广阔的应用前景。通过分析三峡库区消落带的生态环境问题,预测了芦苇在库区的应用前景,即可防止水土流失、水体富营养化、重金属污染、固体废弃物污染、垃圾渗漏液污染和藻类爆发等问题。同时,合理利用芦苇资源还可增加库区人们的经济收入,加快库区农村的经济建设步伐。     

新疆英吉沙县4种扁桃果树叶片光合速率及相对含水量和细胞膜透性的比较研究

4种扁桃在6月幼果膨大期的光合速率排序为：麻壳＞纸皮＞克西＞双果，其中麻壳品种的光合速率最高为30．22mg.dm^-2h^-1。9月份果仁成熟期，克西和双果的光合速率维持在20．30mg.dm^-2h^-1，而纸皮和麻壳则降至10．52mg.dm^-2h^-1；4种扁桃相对含水量从高到低排序为：双果＞克西＞麻壳＞纸皮，4种扁桃在6月份的细胞膜透性从大到小排序为：克西＞双果＞麻壳＞纸皮，9月双果的细胞膜透性是4种扁桃中最低的，从相对含水量和细胞膜透性上看双果具有较强的抗旱性。