引发处理对丹参种子萌发及幼苗抗旱性的影响

用H2O、200 g.L-1PEG-6000、2.5 g.L-1KNO3、100 mg.L-1GA3、12.5 mg.L-16-BA引发处理丹参种子,研究不同处理对种子萌发及幼苗抗旱性的影响。结果表明,各处理提高发芽势、发芽率的顺序为12.5 mg.L-16-BA100 mg.L-1GA32.5 mg.L-1KNO3200 g.L-1PEG-6000H2OCK;简化活力指数顺序为2.5 mg.L-1KNO3100 mg.L-1GA3≈200 g.L-1PEG-6000H2O12.5 mg.L-16-BACK。幼苗的抗旱性顺序为H2O200 g.L-1PEG-60002.5 mg.L-1KNO312.5 mg.L-16-BACK100 mg.L-1GA3。最终得出用200 g.L-1PEG-6000或2.5 mg.L-1KNO3作为引发剂处理丹参种子,可有效促进种子萌发和提高幼苗抗旱性。     

热处理对黄皮果实贮藏效果和活性氧代谢的影响

以海南本地黄皮果实为试验材料,采用45℃、50℃、55℃和60℃热水对果实进行热处理,以不作热处理为对照,研究热处理对黄皮果实贮藏效果和活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明,50℃以上热处理能将果实贮藏期延长至21d,好果率在90%以上,且能明显抑制果实重量损失;热处理能使果实维持较高的可溶性固形物和总酸含量,55℃以下热处理能维持较高的固酸比;热处理果肉和果皮的MDA含量和PPO活性表现低于对照的趋势,SOD、POD和CAT活性表现高于对照的趋势,表明热处理能减轻果实活性氧自由基损伤和增强果实清除活性氧自由基的能力。热处理中以55℃热水最宜。     

两种施肥处理对红富士苹果香气成分的影响

用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱质谱联用技术对2种不同施肥处理的洛川红富士苹果的香气成分进行了分析,共鉴定出了35种化学成分,其中酯类20种,主要有乙酸2-甲基丁酯、乙酸丁酯、2-甲基丁醇、乙酸己酯等;醇类6种,主要有1-丁醇和1-已醇等;醛类4种,主要包括正己醛和2-已烯醛。结果表明:分期施肥处理的苹果香气成分的含量和丰富度明显高于一次性施肥处理的苹果。     

IBA激素对巴戟天扦插条生根的影响

为提高巴戟天的扦插育苗率,对不同年龄巴戟天插条进行不同浓度的IBA激素浸泡扦插处理。结果表明:浓度为50mg/L、100mg/L和150mg/L的IBA溶液均可显著提高不同年龄巴戟天扦插条的生根率、平均生根数和最长根平均长以50mg/L的IBA溶液的处理效果最佳;1~3年生的扦插条以3年生的生根效果最佳,其生根率为88.3%,平均生根数为20.92条,最长根平均长为2.12cm。在生根过程中,POD活性呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,PPO活性呈先升高后下降再升高的变化趋势,IAAO活性呈先下降后升高的变化趋势;POD、PPO活性比对照组的高,而IAAO活性比对照组的低,IBA处理改变了POD、PPO及IAAO的活性进而影响插条生根。     

不同覆盖方式对温室葡萄耗水规律和产量的影响

为筛选出适合河西走廊地区的日光温室葡萄最佳覆盖模式,在张掖市水务局灌溉试验站,设白膜+秸秆覆盖、黑膜+秸秆覆盖、白膜覆盖、黑膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和砂子覆盖等不同覆盖处理,对温室葡萄耗水规律和产量表现进行了研究分析。结果表明:1不同覆盖方式均可增加土壤含水量,秸秆+黑膜覆盖下的土壤含水量最大,全生育期内秸秆+黑膜覆盖下的土壤相对含水量达到了16.54%,单一的秸秆覆盖的土壤含水量在中后期也增大较快,土壤含水量增大到了17.64%,秸秆+地膜双重覆盖与单一的秸秆覆盖在中后期均能明显提高土壤储水能力;2不同覆盖处理相比对照(不覆盖)均能增加葡萄产量,以黑膜+秸秆覆盖葡萄的增产效果最好,增产高达28.85%(P0.05),白膜+秸秆覆盖增产25.53%(P0.05);3不同覆盖处理均能调节土壤温度,地膜+秸秆覆盖方式兼备了单一地膜和单一秸秆覆盖处理的特点,前期土壤升温幅度大于秸秆覆盖,后期降温趋势小于地膜覆盖,且以黑膜+秸秆覆盖较为明显,其处理下土壤温度保持在21.13℃左右;4各覆盖处理均可提高灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)和水分生产效率(WUE),达到节水增产的目的,以黑膜+秸秆效果最好,黑膜+秸秆覆盖处理的灌溉水利用效率和水分生产效率均最大,分别达到了6.53 kg·m~(-3)和5.88 kg·m~(-3)。     

热处理对水牛乳稳定特性的影响

为比较不同热处理条件对水牛乳稳定性的影响,实验采用不同条件热处理后的pH缓冲容量、总溶解固体（total dissolved solids,TDS）、蛋白沉淀量及表观黏度等指标研究杂交高代水牛乳样品。结果表明：与未经处理的水牛乳样品相比,水牛乳经不同条件热处理后,其pH缓冲容量、TDS、蛋白沉淀量及表观黏度皆发生显著变化。其中水牛乳分别在经121℃/15 min和95℃/5 min处理后,其pH缓冲容量、TDS、蛋白沉淀量及表观黏度分别达到最大值和最小值。因此,认为在本实验研究范围内,水牛乳经121℃/15 min及95℃/5 min处理后,对其稳定性影响最大。     

Root characteristics of Alhagi sparsifolia seedlings in response to water supplement in an arid region,northwestern China

The effect of variation in water supply on woody seedling growth in arid environments remain poorly known.The subshrub Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.(Leguminosae),distributed in the southern fringe of the Taklimakan Desert,Xinjiang,northwestern China,has evolved deep roots and is exclusively dependent on groundwater,and performs a crucial role for the local ecological safety.In the Cele oasis,we studied the responses of A.sparsifolia seedling roots to water supplement at 10 and 14 weeks under three irrigation treatments(none water supply of 0 m3/m2(NW),middle water supply of 0.1 m3/m2(MW),and high water supply of 0.2 m3/m2(HW)).The results showed that the variations of soil water content(SWC) significantly influenced the root growth of A.sparsifolia seedlings.The leaf area,basal diameter and crown diameter were significantly higher in the HW treatment than in the other treatments.The biomass,root surface area(RSA),root depth and relative growth rate(RGR) of A.sparsifolia roots were all significantly higher in the NW treatment than in the HW and MW treatments at 10 weeks.However,these root parameters were significantly lower in the NW treatment than in the other treatments at 14 weeks.When SWC continued to decline as the experiment went on(until less than 8% gravimetric SWC),the seedlings still showed drought tolerance through morphological and physiological responses,but root growth suffered serious water stress compared to better water supply treatments.According to our study,keeping a minimum gravimetric SWC of 8% might be important for the growth and establishment of A.sparsifolia during the early growth stage.These results will not only enrich our knowledge of the responses of woody seedlings to various water availabilities,but also provide a new insight to successfully establish and manage A.sparsifolia in arid environments,further supporting the sustainable development of oases.     

Effects of heat treatments on trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinating activities in winged bean

The effect of different heat treatments on inactivation of trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinin of winged bean was investigated. Trypsin inhibitor extracted from winged bean meal was stable at 60 °C for 60 min. At 80 °C, the activity of the extracted inhibitor decreased by 25% within 5 min, and continued to decline gradually to a loss of 45% of activity after 30 min. When the extracted inhibitor was incubated at 100 °C, it exhibited a triphasic pattern of inactivation. The winged bean extract incubated at 60 °C lost 60% of its hemaggluinating activity within 30 min. At 80 °C, there was a complete loss of activity within 5 min. The microwave treatment to winged bean meal had no effect on trypsin inhibitor or hemagglutinating activities in the meal. However, infrared treatment to winged bean seeds for 60 seconds was effective in destroying most of the trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinating activities. Autoclave treatment (120 °C at 15 lb pressure) for 10 min inactivated trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinin in winged bean meal almost completely. Cooking of presoaked beans in boiling water for 30 min was effective in destroying most of the trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinating activities.     

高CO2冲击处理对采后蓝莓生理代谢及品质的影响

为了解高CO2处理对采后蓝莓果实生理代谢的影响及其作用机制,该试验采用体积分数为99.9%的高CO2处理蓝莓果实48、96 和144 h,然后装入聚乙烯薄膜袋后松扎口,贮藏在1℃下。贮藏期间,分析测定了果实风味指数、呼吸速率、腐烂率、呼吸商、果肉乙醇含量和pH值、果实硬度以及与自由基形成和清除相关的多酚氧化酶 （PPO）、 过氧化物酶 （POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和脂氧合酶（LOX）等酶活性。结果表明,高CO2处理48 h和96 h降低了蓝莓果肉的pH值,有效控制了腐烂率,保持了较高的果实硬度,诱导了POD活性升高并使LOX活性维持在较低水平,从而降低了蓝莓果实的呼吸速率,并使有效贮藏期延长到50 d 左右。144 h的高CO2处理对果实造成不可逆伤害,导致无氧呼吸发生,诱发了果实异味产生以及腐烂率的增加。研究结果表明,高CO2短时冲击用于采后蓝莓果实贮前的“休克冲击”处理,具有抑制果实生理代谢和保持品质的保鲜效果。     

吲哚乙酸处理对银杏幼苗生长指标的影响

银杏（Ginkgo biloba L.)幼苗移栽后，用吲哚乙酸（IAA）溶液喷布叶片，结果表明：500μg/g与250μg/g的IAA溶液处理能极显著地提高银杏苗高，料大程度地增粗干径，同时也能增加银杏苗叶片数。从处理效果和经济的角度综合考虑，500μg/g与250μg/g的IAA溶液处理为本试验的最佳处理。