转基因大豆发展及中国大豆产业对策

为探讨中国商业化种植转基因大豆的可行性，利用公布的统计数据，系统分析了全球大豆主产国转基因大豆的发展及中国种植转基因大豆可能存在的问题。结果表明：1）1996-2004年，美国、阿根廷和巴西转基因大豆种植率分别从2％、1．7％和0增至85％、98％和22％。2）美国和阿根廷转基因大豆快速发展的主要原因是种植转基因大豆可使杂草管理便利化和高效率。3）可能存在问题是：提高单产和增加利润存在不确定性；中国是大豆原产地并具有独特的消费结构，而转基因大豆生物安全和食品安全隐患会对中国大豆产业产生重大影响：中国生产转基因大豆缺乏竞争优势。因此建议：继续禁止在中国商业化种植转基因大豆。     

水分处理及覆膜历时对春玉米生理特性的影响

【目的】探究不同水分处理模式及不同覆膜历时对春玉米光合特性与根系活力的影响,为春玉米节水高产栽培提供参考。【方法】在移动式遮雨棚下,以"隆玉58"为供试材料,采用子母桶栽土培法和一般桶栽相结合的方法,研究全生育期充分灌水和分生育期调亏灌水2种水分处理模式,以及覆膜到拔节期、覆膜到抽雄期和全生育期覆膜3种覆膜历时对春玉米苗期、拔节期和抽雄期净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率以及根系活力的影响。【结果】调亏灌水期间的土壤水分亏缺降低了春玉米叶片的净光合速率和蒸腾速率,抽雄期恢复充分灌水后,两者均有一定程度的改善。相对于叶片的净光合速率,蒸腾速率对土壤水分亏缺更为敏感。与充分灌水相比,调亏灌水有利于叶片水分利用效率的提高。充分灌水下根系活力大于调亏灌水,抽雄期复水后,除覆膜到抽雄期处理外,其余2个处理均与充分灌水无显著性差异。【结论】叶片蒸腾速率对土壤水分状况较净光合速率更为敏感,水分亏缺可提高叶片的水分利用效率,覆膜到抽雄期可获得较高的净光合速率和叶片水分利用效率。     

Hypericum perforatum L. Seed Germination: Interpopulation Variationand Effect of Light, Temperature, Presowing Treatments and Seed Desiccation

Germplasm conservation of medicinal plants is of increasing interest and, when possible, seed banking is the most efficient system for ex situ conservation of these plant genetic resources. Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort, Guttiferae) is a medicinal plant with evidence of efficacy as an anti-depressant. The aim of this work was to increase knowledge of its seed germination behaviour by studying 68 wild populations. Seed germination tests were carried out at 25/15 °C under a photoperiod of 16-h light/8-h darkness. Final germination percentages were highly variable depending on the accession, ranging from 6 to 98%. Similarly, germination rate (as expressed by T ₅₀ values) varied significantly from 6.1 to 23.0 days. The effect of seed desiccation with silica gel on subsequent germination was also studied. The effect of two other incubation temperatures (15 and 25 °C) and light (photoperiod or darkness) on seed germination was studied in several accessions. Temperature had no significant effect on final germination percentages. However, light significantly increased the germination of most but not all accessions assayed. Seeds from four accessions with low germination percentages were subjected to different presowing treatments that could increase germination: dry heat, hot water and gibberellic acid. Germination was promoted significantly by gibberellic acid in two of the four accessions assayed, but the thermal treatments did not enhance significantly the germination percentages. This study reveals that conclusions based on one population of Hypericum perforatum cannot characterize the germination behaviour for the entire species.     

烟草染色体制片技术与核型分析

对烟草染色体制片技术中的几种预处理方法进行了比较。结果表明,用风油精溶液（20％）进行预处理效果最好,染色体分散度较高,收缩长度适宜,且可显示一定的带纹。用此预处理方法对粘烟草进行核型分析,得出简式为2n=24=16m(2SAT) 6sm(1SAT) 2t。其中第2对染色体短臂上具1个随体,第5对染色体短臂上具1对随体。     

Effect of heat treatments on alpha-amylase inhibitor activity in sorghum (Sorghum bicolour L.)

The application of dry heat to sorghum seeds and meal was not effective in inactivating the amylase inhibitory activity. Overnight soaking followed by heat treatment was more effective in destroying amylase inhibitory activity. Cooking the meal, raw seeds and soaked seeds drastically reduced the levels of -amylase inhibitory activity.     

覆盖处理对媚丽葡萄果实品质及土壤理化指标的影响

【目的】研究不同覆盖处理对媚丽葡萄果实品质与土壤理化性质的影响,为改善陕西关中地区葡萄品质,改进葡萄园栽培管理措施提供理论依据。【方法】于2019年3月,以酿酒葡萄媚丽（Vitis vinifera cv. Meili）为试材,采用塑料地膜（PF）、可降解液态地膜（LF）、碎枝条（GB）对葡萄进行行内覆盖处理,以清耕为对照（CK）,在成熟期采集果实和行内表层（0～20 cm）土壤,测定不同处理的果粒横纵径、百粒质量和可溶性固形物、还原糖、可滴定酸、酚类物质（总酚、总花色苷、总黄烷-3-醇、总类黄酮、总单宁）含量与成熟系数（M,还原糖含量与可滴定酸含量的比值）及表层土壤的理化性质,对各处理葡萄果实品质和土壤理化性质进行主成分分析与聚类分析。【结果】PF、LF、GB处理与CK的果粒横纵径、百粒质量和可溶性固形物、还原糖、可滴定酸含量存在明显差异。与CK相比,各覆盖处理（PF、LF、GB）不仅能够提高果实的成熟系数以及葡萄皮中的总花色苷和总类黄酮含量与葡萄籽中总酚、总黄烷-3-醇和总类黄酮含量,显著降低葡萄籽中单宁含量,而且还可以显著提高土壤全氮、全磷含量及pH值,而对全钾、速效磷、全碳和有机质含量无显著影响,其中以GB处理效果总体最优。主成分分析（PCA）结果显示,特征值>1的2个主成分PC1(87.44%)和PC2(11.81%)的累积贡献率为99.25%,说明这2个主成分能充分反映原始数据的大部分信息,可以达到降维的目的;PF、LF、GB、CK处理可以明显区分开,表明4个处理之间均有显著差异。聚类分析结果显示,不同覆盖处理葡萄的品质指标和土壤理化性质指标可以分为5类,覆盖方式可分为4类,其中GB处理得分高于其他处理。【结论】地表覆盖处理可以有效改善陕西关中地区葡萄园土壤的理化性质,提高葡萄果实的品质,而枝条粉碎还田是最好的覆盖方式之一。     

Protein quality of chickpea (Cicer arietenum) with different grades ofCallosobruchus chinensis L. infestation

Dry heat treatments at 140 °C for 20 min or 160 °C for 10 min of peanut kernels significantly improved protein solubility, water and oil absorptions, foaming capacity and stability, and least gelation concentration of the defatted meal. However, heat treatments at 160 °C for 30 min or more than 30 min period resulted in significant decrease in these properties. Such heat treatments significantly decreased the level of albumin and globulin fraction with concomitant increase in glutelin fraction in the meal.     

中密度纤维板抗菌处理方法及抗菌效果

选取LS-500光触媒基础蜡、硅藻纳米复合光触媒液体活性炭、LS-E100(CAPP)吡喃多胺聚酯,配制成不同稀释倍数的抗菌剂;采用喷涂、刷涂工艺对中密度纤维板进行处理;分析抗菌剂的种类、稀释倍数、施加方式等因素,对纤维板的抗菌性能和物理力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:2种处理,中密度纤维板的力学性能,均随着抗菌剂稀释倍数的增大而降低;涂刷工艺处理后的试件,力学性能优于喷洒处理试件的力学性能。涂刷工艺处理的中密度纤维板抑菌圈直径,大于喷洒工艺处理的抑菌圈直径。3种抗菌剂对阳性金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用,好于对阴性大肠杆菌的抑制作用;抗菌剂稀释倍数越小,抗菌效果越好。硅藻纳米复合光触媒对阴性大肠杆菌的抑制效果,比LS-500、LS-E100的抑制效果差;其对阳性金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果是3种抗菌剂中最好的。     

鸡粪与化肥不同配施方式对土壤有机碳及杨树幼苗生长的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了N100(尿素提供100%的氮),M10N90(鸡粪和尿素分别提供10%和90%的氮),M30N70(鸡粪和尿素分别提供30%和70%的氮)和M50N50(鸡粪和尿素各提供50%的氮)等不同施肥处理下,土壤有机碳含量、活性有机碳含量和碳库管理指数(CPMI)的变化规律。结果表明,M30N70和M50N50处理的有机碳含量分别比N100处理提高了8.11%和14.64%;M30N70处理的活性有机碳含量和CPMI均为最高,其中活性有机碳含量分别比N100,M10N90和M50N50处理提高了47.36%,14.93%和7.14%,CPMI分别提高了65.49,26.74和20.22,其差异均达到显著水平;同时,M30N70处理对杨树幼苗地径和苗高生长的提高幅度最大。土壤活性有机碳与总有机碳、杨树苗的地径和苗高呈显著相关,与CPMI呈极显著相关;CPMI与地径、苗高呈显著相关,能够指示土壤生产力的变化。由此可见,鸡粪与化肥的不同配比对土壤有机碳、活性有机碳、CPMI及杨树幼苗的生长均有显著影响,其中鸡粪与化肥以3∶7比例配施的作用效果最佳。