柑桔锈螨种群系统微机管理模型

通过对柑桔锈螨Phyllocoptruta oleivora的生物学、生态学特性研究和为害损失测定,用BASIC语言编制了该螨种群系统微机管理模型,包括种群数量动态模型,产量及经济损失模型,防治指标模型,施药模型(利用种群数量动态模型预测是否需要药剂防治的模型),并系统地论述了SASIC程序的运行过程和使用方法。     

水分处理及覆膜历时对春玉米生理特性的影响

【目的】探究不同水分处理模式及不同覆膜历时对春玉米光合特性与根系活力的影响,为春玉米节水高产栽培提供参考。【方法】在移动式遮雨棚下,以"隆玉58"为供试材料,采用子母桶栽土培法和一般桶栽相结合的方法,研究全生育期充分灌水和分生育期调亏灌水2种水分处理模式,以及覆膜到拔节期、覆膜到抽雄期和全生育期覆膜3种覆膜历时对春玉米苗期、拔节期和抽雄期净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率以及根系活力的影响。【结果】调亏灌水期间的土壤水分亏缺降低了春玉米叶片的净光合速率和蒸腾速率,抽雄期恢复充分灌水后,两者均有一定程度的改善。相对于叶片的净光合速率,蒸腾速率对土壤水分亏缺更为敏感。与充分灌水相比,调亏灌水有利于叶片水分利用效率的提高。充分灌水下根系活力大于调亏灌水,抽雄期复水后,除覆膜到抽雄期处理外,其余2个处理均与充分灌水无显著性差异。【结论】叶片蒸腾速率对土壤水分状况较净光合速率更为敏感,水分亏缺可提高叶片的水分利用效率,覆膜到抽雄期可获得较高的净光合速率和叶片水分利用效率。     

Hypericum perforatum L. Seed Germination: Interpopulation Variationand Effect of Light, Temperature, Presowing Treatments and Seed Desiccation

Germplasm conservation of medicinal plants is of increasing interest and, when possible, seed banking is the most efficient system for ex situ conservation of these plant genetic resources. Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort, Guttiferae) is a medicinal plant with evidence of efficacy as an anti-depressant. The aim of this work was to increase knowledge of its seed germination behaviour by studying 68 wild populations. Seed germination tests were carried out at 25/15 °C under a photoperiod of 16-h light/8-h darkness. Final germination percentages were highly variable depending on the accession, ranging from 6 to 98%. Similarly, germination rate (as expressed by T ₅₀ values) varied significantly from 6.1 to 23.0 days. The effect of seed desiccation with silica gel on subsequent germination was also studied. The effect of two other incubation temperatures (15 and 25 °C) and light (photoperiod or darkness) on seed germination was studied in several accessions. Temperature had no significant effect on final germination percentages. However, light significantly increased the germination of most but not all accessions assayed. Seeds from four accessions with low germination percentages were subjected to different presowing treatments that could increase germination: dry heat, hot water and gibberellic acid. Germination was promoted significantly by gibberellic acid in two of the four accessions assayed, but the thermal treatments did not enhance significantly the germination percentages. This study reveals that conclusions based on one population of Hypericum perforatum cannot characterize the germination behaviour for the entire species.     

烟草染色体制片技术与核型分析

对烟草染色体制片技术中的几种预处理方法进行了比较。结果表明,用风油精溶液（20％）进行预处理效果最好,染色体分散度较高,收缩长度适宜,且可显示一定的带纹。用此预处理方法对粘烟草进行核型分析,得出简式为2n=24=16m(2SAT) 6sm(1SAT) 2t。其中第2对染色体短臂上具1个随体,第5对染色体短臂上具1对随体。     

Effect of heat treatments on alpha-amylase inhibitor activity in sorghum (Sorghum bicolour L.)

The application of dry heat to sorghum seeds and meal was not effective in inactivating the amylase inhibitory activity. Overnight soaking followed by heat treatment was more effective in destroying amylase inhibitory activity. Cooking the meal, raw seeds and soaked seeds drastically reduced the levels of -amylase inhibitory activity.     

覆盖处理对媚丽葡萄果实品质及土壤理化指标的影响

【目的】研究不同覆盖处理对媚丽葡萄果实品质与土壤理化性质的影响,为改善陕西关中地区葡萄品质,改进葡萄园栽培管理措施提供理论依据。【方法】于2019年3月,以酿酒葡萄媚丽（Vitis vinifera cv. Meili）为试材,采用塑料地膜（PF）、可降解液态地膜（LF）、碎枝条（GB）对葡萄进行行内覆盖处理,以清耕为对照（CK）,在成熟期采集果实和行内表层（0～20 cm）土壤,测定不同处理的果粒横纵径、百粒质量和可溶性固形物、还原糖、可滴定酸、酚类物质（总酚、总花色苷、总黄烷-3-醇、总类黄酮、总单宁）含量与成熟系数（M,还原糖含量与可滴定酸含量的比值）及表层土壤的理化性质,对各处理葡萄果实品质和土壤理化性质进行主成分分析与聚类分析。【结果】PF、LF、GB处理与CK的果粒横纵径、百粒质量和可溶性固形物、还原糖、可滴定酸含量存在明显差异。与CK相比,各覆盖处理（PF、LF、GB）不仅能够提高果实的成熟系数以及葡萄皮中的总花色苷和总类黄酮含量与葡萄籽中总酚、总黄烷-3-醇和总类黄酮含量,显著降低葡萄籽中单宁含量,而且还可以显著提高土壤全氮、全磷含量及pH值,而对全钾、速效磷、全碳和有机质含量无显著影响,其中以GB处理效果总体最优。主成分分析（PCA）结果显示,特征值>1的2个主成分PC1(87.44%)和PC2(11.81%)的累积贡献率为99.25%,说明这2个主成分能充分反映原始数据的大部分信息,可以达到降维的目的;PF、LF、GB、CK处理可以明显区分开,表明4个处理之间均有显著差异。聚类分析结果显示,不同覆盖处理葡萄的品质指标和土壤理化性质指标可以分为5类,覆盖方式可分为4类,其中GB处理得分高于其他处理。【结论】地表覆盖处理可以有效改善陕西关中地区葡萄园土壤的理化性质,提高葡萄果实的品质,而枝条粉碎还田是最好的覆盖方式之一。     

Protein quality of chickpea (Cicer arietenum) with different grades ofCallosobruchus chinensis L. infestation

Dry heat treatments at 140 °C for 20 min or 160 °C for 10 min of peanut kernels significantly improved protein solubility, water and oil absorptions, foaming capacity and stability, and least gelation concentration of the defatted meal. However, heat treatments at 160 °C for 30 min or more than 30 min period resulted in significant decrease in these properties. Such heat treatments significantly decreased the level of albumin and globulin fraction with concomitant increase in glutelin fraction in the meal.     

几种杀虫剂对榕管蓟马的室内毒力测定

在室内采用浸叶法测定了水胺硫磷、对硫磷、丙溴磷、辛硫磷、灭多威、毒死蜱、噻虫嗪、顺式氯氰菊酯等8种杀虫剂对榕管蓟马的毒力.结果表明这几种杀虫剂处理24 h后对榕管蓟马按计算的LC50值大小,其毒力效果强弱依次为:顺式氯氰菊酯>噻虫嗪>毒死蜱>灭多威>对硫磷>水胺硫磷>辛硫磷>丙溴磷.     

剥壳与切头对槟榔种子发芽的影响

研究剥壳和切头对槟榔种子发芽的影响。结果表明,对槟榔种子进行剥壳和切头处理,其芽及根生长与对照的相比差异极显著,芽及根生长均明显比对照的好;其中切头处理的发芽势和发芽率最高,发芽指数和活力指数则以5／13剥壳处理的最高,且5／13剥壳处理的芽长平均值也最大：5／14剥壳处理的根长和根数的平均值均比对照的高。