祁连山青海云杉林抚育更新研究

为培育祁连山水源涵养林资源,对该林区青海云杉林抚育更新进行了调查,结果表明：影响青海云杉林天然更新的主导因素是水热条件及其时空组合和配比、林分郁闭度、林内地被物厚度和盖度以及放牧。更新迹地的管护是人工造林更新的关键环节,封山育林是促进天然更新和造林更新的重要手段和措施。森林抚育有利于培育后备资源,在抚育强度为８．５％～３０％,抚育后林分郁闭度为０．５～０．６时能有效地促进天然更新。     

A simulation of the development and restoration of old-growth structural features in northern hardwoods

Thinning treatments in second-growth forest may be a practical means of accelerating the development of certain old-growth structural features in regions where old stands are presently uncommon. We used CANOPY, an individual-tree model calibrated with data from thinned and unthinned stands, to simulate effects of thinning on growth rates and development of old-growth structural features in second-growth northern hardwoods. Three simulated, moderately heavy thinnings over a period of 45 years nearly doubled the predicted mean radial increment of canopy trees, percent of stand basal area in large trees, and area of canopy gaps. Compared to untreated stands, thinned stands had fewer dead trees per ha, but the dead trees were larger in size and the overall volume of snags and logs was little affected. In a 77-year old even-aged stand, moderately heavy thinning was predicted to reduce the time needed to attain the minimum structural features of an old-growth forest from 79 to 36 years. Simulated treatments in an older, uneven-aged stand gave mixed results; the moderately heavy treatment stimulated individual tree growth, but the removal of some medium-sized canopy trees in conjunction with natural mortality delayed the development of old-growth structure. Total volume of dead wood may still be deficient under the thinning regimes investigated in this study, but predicted live-tree structure 45 years after moderately heavy thinning was typical of stands in the advanced transition and steady-state stages of old-growth development. Results suggest that thinning can substantially accelerate the development of old-growth structure in pole and mature northern hardwoods, but response in older, uneven-aged stands is more modest, and treatments in these stands may need to be more conservative to achieve restoration goals.     

不同水肥条件下白羊草叶片叶绿素荧光特性研究

采用盆栽控制试验,比较研究了四种养分(不施肥、施N肥、施P肥和施N+P肥)处理和三种水分(充分供水、轻度水分胁迫、重度水分胁迫)水平下白羊草叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数特征.结果表明:在不施肥(CK)处理中,重度水分胁迫下白羊草叶片的Fm、Fv/Fm、φPSII、qP和ETR显著最小,F0显著最大,表明重度水分胁迫会显著影响其叶片PSII反应中心活性.重度水分胁迫下,施N、P和N+P肥处理的Fm、Fv/Fm、φPSII和ETR显著大于CK,而F0显著小于CK,表明重度水分胁迫下N肥、P肥及其配施均能有效提高白羊草叶片PSII反应中心活性、开放程度和光合电子传递.不同水分处理下,施N+P肥比单施N肥和P肥能够更大程度提高白羊草叶片ETR值,显著减小水分胁迫对其F0、Fv/Fm和φPSII的影响,表明氮磷配施能更有效地改善其PSII反应中心结构和功能.     

菜用土人参种子发芽特性研究

用菜用土人参Talinum lriangulare(jacq.) Willd种子进行发芽特性的研究，结果显示：菜用土人参种子的适宜浸种时间为3h，适宜催芽温度为35℃。GA3和PEG处理均可明显促进菜用土人参种子发芽，适宜浓度分别为150mg／L和25％。     

物理农业技术在种子选后处理中的应用

物理农业是近年发展起来的一项高科技农业技术,它利用基本物理学科知识和相关领域的高新技术相结合,应用于农业科研和生产.针对种子加工选后处理的传统与常规技术存在的问题与不足,综述采用物理新技术处理种子的特点、意义及应用,重点介绍磁化处理技术,并提出解决问题的对策.     

Systemic effects of thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole seed treatments on adult Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in rice

BACKGROUND: Feeding assays using adult rice water weevils and foliage of plants treated as seeds with chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam at different rates were conducted to evaluate the systemic adulticidal and feeding effects. Dose–mortality relationships were determined for thiamethoxam seed treatments by combining leaf area lost due to feeding and insecticide residues analyzed by LC/MS/MS. Changes in adulticidal activity of thiamethoxam were also investigated by contrasting adult mortalities at the 5–6‐leaf and tillering stages of rice. RESULTS: Adult weevil mortalities and leaf consumption rates on foliage were affected in thiamethoxam but not in chlorantraniliprole treatments when rice was at the 6–7‐leaf stage. The LD₅₀ for weevils feeding on thiamethoxam‐treated rice at the 2–3‐leaf stage was 447 pg insecticide weevil^?1 (95% CL: 25–830 pg weevil^?1) but was lower (142 pg weevil^?1; 95% CL: 102–180 pg weevil^?1) in experiments with 3–4‐leaf‐stage plants. Mortalities on leaves from 5–6‐leaf‐stage plants were consistently higher than on leaves from tillering plants. Thiamethoxam residues measured by ELISA increased with seed treatment rate and differed between plant stages. CONCLUSION: The LD₅₀ values developed in this study are the first values for leaf‐feeding insects on foliage of plants treated as seeds with thiamethoxam. The attrition of adulticidal activity of thiamethoxam in foliage of older plants may help to explain the reduced effectiveness of seed treatments against rice water larvae that is seen at later stages of rice growth in field studies. The differential activity of these two seed treatments on adults suggests that adult mortality contributes to the field efficacy of thiamethoxam but not to that of chlorantraniliprole. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

牛乳中乳过氧化物酶活性的影响因素

牛乳中乳过氧化物酶活性是巴氏杀菌热处理强度的重要指标,过度热处理会明显破坏牛乳本身的营养,也会导致不良物质的产生。测定经不同工艺处理后的牛乳中乳过氧化物酶活性,研究贮藏温度、贮藏时间对牛乳中乳过氧化物酶活性的影响。结果表明：经低温陶瓷膜过滤处理的牛乳中乳过氧化物酶活性损失率明显小于经75 ℃、15 s巴氏杀菌处理的牛乳;过多的工艺流程也会导致乳过氧化物酶活性损失,同时过高的贮藏温度会导致牛乳中乳过氧化物酶失活更快,且随着贮藏时间的延长,牛乳中乳过氧化物酶活性逐渐降低,原料乳中乳过氧化物酶活性降低更快。     

小麦加工中的调质处理

全面系统地阐述了小麦加工过程中调质处理对操作的影响及最佳入磨水分的控制方法 ,并提出一系列缩短润麦时间的方法。     

抗菌肽不同处理方式对虹鳟免疫指标的影响

为明确中国鲎基因工程抗菌肽不同处理方式对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)存活率的影响,分别在虹鳟仔鱼和成鱼两个阶段采用浸泡和混合饲料两种方式应用抗菌肽。采集仔鱼全鱼组织,成鱼血清及头肾组织,通过对SOD、ALP、CAT、IL-1β、IFN-γ、TNF-α等免疫相关酶水平及细胞因子表达量变化情况的检测,验证抗菌肽不同处理方式对虹鳟免疫指标的影响。结果发现:应用84 U/mL抗菌肽浸泡虹鳟仔鱼10次,浸泡后第4天,试验组免疫相关酶水平明显高于对照组,其中IL-1β、IFN-γ差异极显著(P<0.01),其他差异显著(P<0.05)。浸泡后第15天,试验组免疫相关酶水平仍高于对照组健康鱼,其中IL-1β、IFN-γ差异极显著(P<0.01),其他差异显著(P<0.05),但对照组发病鱼免疫相关酶水平与试验组相比显著下降,SOD、ALP、IL-1β、IFN-γ均差异极显著(P<0.01),其他差异显著(P<0.05)。试验结束统计仔鱼存活率,试验组存活率高达95.1%,对照组存活率仅为29.9%。成鱼期采用混合饲料和浸泡两种方式应用抗菌肽。结果显示,混合饲料的最适添加量为50 mg/kg饲料,浸泡最佳浓度为84 U/mL,最佳浸泡时间为3 min。研究表明,对不同处理方式进行对比,在仔鱼期进行浸泡对虹鳟免疫指标的影响最为显著。其可能与抗菌肽种类、作用方式及养殖虹鳟疾病暴发特点有关。本研究可以为虹鳟养殖过程中抗菌肽的应用方式提供依据。