不同药剂处理对库尔勒香梨枝条抗冻性的影响

以库尔勒香梨为试验材料,秋季落叶前2周进行水杨酸（SA）0.5,1.0,2.0 mmol/L,腐胺（Put）1.0,5.0,10.0 mmol/L,亚精胺（Spd）0.5,1.0,2.0 mmol/L等3个药剂、9个不同处理,取样后在人工低温处理条件下分析库尔勒香梨的抗冻性。试验结果表明,相对电导率、脯氨酸、MDA、SOD的累积贡献率达到94.1%,可作为库尔勒香梨主要的抗寒性鉴定指标,其中,相对电导率贡献率为71.6%,可单独作为库尔勒香梨抗寒性的鉴定指标。3种药剂处理后枝条的抗冻强弱顺序为1.0 mmol/L SA〉2.0 mmol/L SA〉5.0 mmol/L Put〉1.0 mmol/L Spd〉0.5 mmol/L Spd〉对照。在生产实践中,可根据实际情况于果实采收后喷施浓度1.0-2.0 mmol/L的水杨酸,以提高库尔勒香梨在越冬期的抗冻性。     

矿区塌陷复垦地土壤养分及酶活性的变化

经过大田试验,研究了不同施肥处理对复垦土壤养分和酶活性的影响,结果表明,不同施肥处理对复垦区土壤养分和酶活性有一定影响。在玉米整个生育时期,化肥(C)、化肥+有机肥(CM)和化肥+有机肥+菌肥(CMB)处理土壤全氮含量分别增加了2%～11%,10%～60%,9%～79%,土壤速效磷含量分别增加42%～53%,64%～76%,71%～80%,土壤速效钾含量分别提高了1%～38%,16%～32%,21%～47%;土壤酶活性也有一定程度的提高,其中以CM和CMB处理提高最大,与不施肥处理差异显著。     

出口苗木寄生线虫检疫处理技术的研究

1997-1999年，对3年生红花木莲苗上发生的南方根结线虫病和2年生牡丹上发生的腐烂茎线虫病进行了检疫处理试验。结果表明：使用克线磷和NaClO混配剂，经50℃、25min处理红花木莲感病苗根部，可以有效杀死病苗中的南方根结线虫；使用苯菌灵、多菌灵和米乐尔混配剂，经60℃、15min或55℃、25min处理牡丹感病苗根部，可以有效地杀死腐烂茎线虫。两种处理对供试苗的存活率均无明显不良影响，处理过的苗木均达到我国出口检验检疫标准，并能符合所有进口国植物检疫法规的要求。     

Viability and stability of biological control agents on cotton and snap bean seeds

Cotton and snap bean were selected for a multi-year, multi-state regional (south-eastern USA) research project to evaluate the efficacy of both commercial and experimental bacterial and fungal biological control agents for the management of damping-off diseases. The goal for this portion of the project was to determine the viability and stability of biological agents after application to seed. The biological seed treatments used included: (1) Bacillaceae bacteria, (2) non-Bacillaceae bacteria, (3) the fungus Trichoderma and (4) the fungus Beauveria bassiana. Seed assays were conducted to evaluate the following application factors: short-term (< or = 3 months) stability after seed treatment; quality (i.e. isolate purity); compatibility with chemical pesticides and other biocontrol agents; application uniformity between years and plant species. For the bacterial treatments, the Bacillaceae genera (Bacillus and Paenibacillus) maintained the greatest population of bacteria per seed, the best viability over time and the best application uniformity across years and seed type. The non-Bacillaceae genera Burkholderia and Pseudomonas had the least viability and uniformity. Although Beauveria bassiana was only evaluated one year, the seed fungal populations were high and uniform. The seed fungal populations and uniformity for the Trichoderma isolates were more variable, except for the commercial product T-22. However, this product was contaminated with a Streptomyces isolate in both the years that it was evaluated. The study demonstrated that Bacillaceae can be mixed with Trichoderma isolates or with numerous pesticides to provide an integrated pest control/growth enhancement package.     

Chemical control of stored product insects with fumigants and residual treatments

Integrated pest management (IPM) programs that eliminate infestations and prevent economic damage in raw commodities, food storage facilities, and milling and processing plants typically involve chemicals. They are preferred because they are often the cheapest and most efficient strategies available. When evaluating pesticides, it is important to recognize the biological and environmental factors that can affect pesticide efficacy so the insecticide can be effectively used in control programs. We illustrate these concepts with data from research studies with cyfluthrin, a pyrethroid insecticide used as a residual surface treatment, and with data from developmental research with new fumigants. These chemical pesticides and others like them could have specific applications and strategies in an IPM program for post harvest pests well into the 21st Century.     

新疆荒漠地区不同灌溉方式造林应用的综合评价

为了全面、客观、准确地掌握不同灌溉方式的造林应用效果,为林业造林技术应用的前景提供理论依据,以Groasis Waterboxx-灌溉系统与漫灌、无灌溉3种灌溉方式为研究对象,依托野外数据,建立不同目标指标的评价指标体系,利用模糊综合评价法对Groasis Waterboxx-灌溉系统与漫灌、无灌溉3种方式在新疆荒漠地区造林中的应用效果进行了计算分析,结果表明:Groasis Waterboxx-灌溉系统效果综合评价值为0.90,Waterboxx这一项高新技术的应用前景良好,值得推广。     

不同施肥处理对红花大金元生长发育及产质量的影响

通过研究不同施肥处理对红花大金元生长发育和产质量的影响,以期找到施甸烟区红大品种的最适宜施肥量。结果表明,1hm2施用纯氮52.5kg、烤烟专用肥358.5kg、硝酸钾150kg、过磷酸钙268.5kg的株高、节距、茎围、最大叶面积都较大,气候性斑点病、病毒病和赤星病的发病率较低,烤后烟产量、产值、上等烟比例和上中等烟比例也较高,X2F、C3F、B2F的内在化学成分协调性较佳。     

保幼激素类似物饵料防治印度大头蚁Pheidole indica Mayr研究

通过保幼激素类似物和饵料对印度大头蚁防效的筛选,选出有效保幼激素类似物 ZR_(777)、ZR_(515)、ZR_(512)和最佳饵料熟鱼肉。0.06%的 ZR_(512)能杀灭蚁巢,0.6%效果更佳。在2.0×π×0.725cm~3的蚁巢中,用 ZR_(512)含量为0.06%、0.6%、1.5%的熟鱼肉作饵料时(每巢有4个蚁后,隔天加水并换饵0.40g),根绝蚁群所需时间分别为48.25天、34.75天和33.00天。经 ZR_(512)处理蚁巢的,蚁后卵巢萎缩、体积变小、卵巢管少,一般只有少数临产的卵,有些甚至没有卵或卵母细胞。     

施肥对新平县引进番木瓜生长的影响

对新平县引进番木瓜进行了不同施肥处理试验,并调查冠幅、冠层厚度、叶量以及开花结实情况,结果表明:以每株施肥100 g和150 g的处理对冠幅和叶量增长效果较好,施肥对冠层厚度的增长影响较小,每株施肥150 g对单株开花结实量的增加效果较好.     

农产品加工剩余物焚烧过程的干燥热解特性研究

为了积累垃圾焚烧炉设计的基础，对几种南方典型产品加工剩余物进行了工业分析和干燥、热解实验，得到不同温度下随时间变化的失重曲线图；分析了它们的着火和燃烬性能；拟合出相应的干燥、热解动力学曲线，得到了干燥、热解反应动力学参数。结果表明：实验的几种农产品加工剩余物的干燥、热解反应基本符合一级反应规律；这些农产品加工剩余物宜作焚烧处理，焚烧时应进行干燥或采用两段、两室炉型。