5-氟尿嘧啶与镉单一及复合污染对三种作物种子萌发的影响

采用急性毒性试验方法,研究了典型抗癌药5-氟尿嘧啶和重金属Cd单一及复合污染对小麦、白菜和水稻种子发芽、根伸长及芽伸长的影响。结果表明:单一5-氟尿嘧啶或Cd的浓度与3种作物根伸长和芽伸长抑制率显著相关(P0.05);相对于芽伸长抑制率,根伸长抑制率是更敏感指标;5-氟尿嘧啶对小麦、白菜和水稻种子的根伸长半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为212.80、102.53、13.30 mg·L-1,Cd对3种作物种子根伸长IC50分别为118.27、23.32、22.21 mg·L-1,3种作物对于两种污染物胁迫的敏感性依次为水稻白菜小麦。通过联合毒性试验发现,5-氟尿嘧啶和Cd不同比例浓度复合处理下根伸长的复合抑制率小于各组分单独作用的相加抑制率,对3种作物种子的复合毒性表现为拮抗作用。     

头孢喹诺与恩诺沙星对鸡大肠杆菌的联合药敏试验

为研究头孢类药物和氟喹诺酮类药物在治疗鸡大肠杆菌的相互作用,本试验采用肉汤稀释棋盘法,用头孢喹诺和恩诺沙星对鸡大肠杆菌标准株和临床分离株进行了联合药敏试验。结果表明,两药联用对鸡大肠杆菌标准菌株FIC指数为0.5,呈现协同作用;对鸡大肠杆菌临床分离株FIC指数为0.75,呈现相加作用。     

NYH-1型~(14)C核素高灵敏探测装置

本文描述了可测量低活度1 4 C核素的高灵敏探测装置。在FH 36 7探头的基础上进行了改装 ,更换了闪烁介质 ,增加了物质屏蔽和反符合屏蔽以及相应的电子线路。本装置对1 4 C的探测效率 ,植物干样为 6 93% ,土壤样为 3 2 % ,装置的本底计数为 2 35cpm     

花生施用TBS环保生态肥和三元复混肥试验简报

花生施用TBS环保生态肥、三元复混肥作花生基肥，能促进植株健壮生长，增加单株结果数，提高饱果率，从而提高花生产量和经济效益。尤其施用TBS环保生态肥比对照增长15．4％，效果尤为显著，同时也尤于施三元复混肥。     

Single and Multiple Traits Selection in a Segregating Population of Wheat, Triticum aestivum L.

The breeding materials used in this study were the F₃, F₄ and F₅-generations of the cross between Giza 158 × Sonora 64 (Triticum aestivum L.). The objective of this study was to compare the relative merits of Smith-Hazel, desired gain selection indices, independent culling levels and single trait selection in improving grain yield, heading date and several agronomic traits. Highly significant differences among F₃ families and a satisfactory genotypic coefficient of variability were obtained for all the traits studied. The genotypic correlations were high between yield and each of spike weight, kernels/spike and spikes; plant, intermediate with 1000 kernel weight and very low with heading date, plant height and spike1 length-After two cycles of selection, the results of the gains realized indicated that the most effective method for improving yield was the Smith-Hazel index (SH₇) of seven traits followed by the desired gain index of seven traits (DG₇), SH₅, independent culling levels, DG₅ and direct selection (or grain yield/plant. Direct selection for heading date, plant height and spike length was the best method for improving these traits, but undesirable correlated responses in the other traits were obtained.     

Numerical Simulation on Drying Characteristics of a Combined Microwave-convection Process

Combined microwave-convection drying characteristics are investigated by numerical simulation. Combined microwave-convection drying has advantage of swift drying and sterilization. Based on qualitative analyses on the mechanism of combined microwave-convection drying, the differential equations are established and the numerical simulation method is described. The humidity, vapor pressure and temperature, along the radius in a spherical pill, are calculated by the numerical simulation during drying process. The calculation results show the relationship between humidity, vapor pressure, temperature and drying time, and that drying process is greatly influenced by input microwave power. The calculation results are good consistent with the experimental datum.     

茶叶干燥技术研究现状及展望

干燥作为茶叶初制加工的重要工序,对茶叶感官品质的形成具有重要意义。干燥过程中,在热和力的作用下,随着水分的不断散失,在制品物理特性和内质成分发生剧烈变化,从而形成茶叶特有的感官品质。笔者阐述了中国茶叶初制各干燥技术原理及特点,指出茶叶干燥将由单一技术向联合应用技术发展的趋势,并提出要完善新型联合干燥技术的基础研究和干燥在制品含水量在线检测技术,为新型茶叶干燥机械研发和未来茶叶干燥技术提供一定的发展思路。     

有机无机肥料配合施用对玉米根系的影响

以玉米品种四密21为材料,通过土柱模拟试验研究了有机无机肥料配合施用对玉米根系的影响.结果表明:有机无机肥料配合施用,提高了玉米各土层特别是中、下层根系干重和比率;增加根系伤流量;延缓根系活力下降;降低根系MDA含量;提高根系SOD活性.所以能够延缓玉米根系器官的衰老,从而使玉米产量提高.     

渠井用水比对灌区降水响应及其环境效应分析

渠井结合灌区适宜渠井用水比例关系灌区地下水环境和区域农业可持续发展。该文以人民胜利渠灌区为例,集合了灌区1954-2014年农业用水量及降水量、研究区域2008-2014年渠井用水比、地下水埋深、地下水水化学特征数据,分析了降雨量、地下水动态特征与渠井用水比例的相关性,以期探明渠井结合灌区渠井用水比对降雨的响应及其对土壤和地下水环境的影响。结果表明,典型渠井结合灌区渠井用水比与年降水量呈线性正相关;渠系上游地下水水位变化较下游更为剧烈,在用水水平、用水方式一致条件下,渠井用水比例越大,地下水埋深超过11 m区域增幅越小,较大的渠井用水比例对于上游地下水位下降减缓效果明显;平水期、枯水期,由于渠井用水比例不合理,地下水无序开采且超采严重,区域地下水碱化趋势明显;受气候变化影响,近5 a渠灌水量仅为多年均值的75.52%,未来区域降水量具有减小趋势,这势必进一步加剧农业水资源紧缺的形式。为了满足农业的正常生产,增加灌区地下水开采成为唯一解决途径,这势必加剧地下水的碱化趋势及地下水超采区的扩大。因此,确定灌区适宜的渠井用水比例对于灌区水资源的科学利用与农业的可持续发展具有重要意义。     

氮钾肥配合施用对桑叶产量品质及蚕茧质量的影响

通过连续4年田间施肥试验和一季养蚕试验,研究了氮肥和钾肥配合施用对桑叶产量、品质及相应桑叶喂饲家蚕对蚕生长及蚕茧品质的影响。结果表明,桑园施用氮钾肥显著提高桑叶产量,在氮钾肥各养分配比中,以高氮高钾处理(N450K300)的产量最高,比N0K0处理年均增产35.2%,与其他各处理产量差异显著。桑叶品质分析结果表明,桑叶中必需氨基酸、氨基酸总量、粗蛋白、油脂含量随氮肥用量增加而提高,但单施氮肥会对蛋氨酸和油脂含量产生负面影响;施钾导致糖分含量下降,其他品质参数值随钾肥施用而提高,氮钾肥配合施用具有提高桑叶品质的作用。养蚕结果表明,桑园增施氮钾肥生产出的桑叶,有助于降低蚕茧的死笼率、具有提高全茧量和茧层率及提高蚕茧产量的作用。蚕茧上茧率、茧丝长、解舒率和茧丝净度随着钾肥用量的增加而提高,在施钾基础上增加氮肥用量有提高蚕茧品质的作用,但不施钾只施氮肥对上茧率有负面影响,说明氮钾肥配合施用能促进蚕茧质量的提高。