Effect of nutrient solution salinity and ionic concentration on parsley (Petroselinum crispum Mill.) essential oil yield and content

The growth and essential oil (EO) production of parsley were evaluated in response to salinity and nutrient solution concentrations in a soilless culture. Parsley plants that were 60 days old were potted in a coconut fiber and peat moss medium and were treated with four different nutrient solutions, including T1, T2, T3 and T4. The T1 nutrient solution was the standard, the T2 and T3 solutions contained incremental macronutrient concentrations with an electrical conductivity (EC) of up to 2.2 and 3.2 dS m^?1, respectively, and the T4 solution was the same as T2 but with sodium chloride (NaCl) and an incremental macronutrient concentration with an EC of 3.2 dS m^?1. Next, these plants were grown for 90 days in a greenhouse with natural daylight in Nador, Morocco. Shoot and root growth significant decreased with increasing EC. However, the salinity that resulted from the addition of NaCl did not affect plant growth in the nutrient solutions. The optimum obtained growth and EO production were 1.2 and 2.2 dS m^?1, respectively. Consequently, the optimum EC value (based on the EO production) of parsley in the soilless culture was 1.2–2.2 dS m^?1.     

火山喷出物发育土壤的比重及颗粒组成测定

利用比重瓶法对火山喷出物发育土壤的比重进行测定,结果表明:玄武岩质火山喷出物发育土壤的比重大于粗面岩质火山喷出物发育土壤的比重;基于粒径小于1 mm土粒测定的比重,玄武岩质火山喷出物和粗面岩质火山喷出物发育土壤的比重均小于一般土壤的平均比重2.65 g cm~(-3);基于粒径小于0.1 mm土粒测定的比重,除个别玄武岩质火山喷出物发育土壤外也小于2.65 g cm~(-3)。分别取比重值为2.65 g cm~(-3)、粒径小于1 mm土粒的实测比重和粒径小于0.1 mm土粒的实测比重,计算不同粒级土粒的沉降时间,并进行颗粒组成的实验研究表明:取不同比重值测定的土壤颗粒组成含量相差较大而且影响土壤质地定名。由于成土母质的矿物组成决定土壤的比重,且土壤颗粒组成的静水沉降实验是在粒径小于0.1 mm土粒的悬液中进行的,所以,准确测定土壤颗粒组成含量,需要区分成土母质的矿物组成,并测定其小于0.1 mm粒径的土粒比重,重新计算沉降时间。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地自然沙面与人工绿地不同季节局地气候的差异性

[目的]开展塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地自然沙面与人工绿地不同季节局地气候差异性研究,通过观测数据的解析,反映出沙漠与绿地区之间小气候变化的互馈机制,为沙漠区域人工绿地的可持续发展提供理论支持。[方法]利用塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地流动沙丘—人工绿地不同下垫面4个气象站的同步加密观测资料,分析自然沙面与人工绿地的小气候特征差异,初步探讨产生这些差异的原因。[结果]沙漠区对气温的升降速率响应快,绿洲区对气温的变化幅度响应显著;四季在增温时段绿洲相对于沙漠属冷岛,降温时段属热岛;夏季比湿最大,冬季最小,绿洲区相对于沙漠区在秋季湿岛效应持续时间最长,强度最大;春、夏、秋季凌晨至日出时段,绿洲上游边界呈现湿岛效应特征,绿洲下游边界四季全天均表现为湿岛效应;沙漠区域风速日变化极值出现时间早于绿洲区,风速变化范围沙漠区最大,绿洲区最小,在春、夏季,绿洲核心区风速递减率大于绿洲上游边界。[结论]下垫面的差异对小气候影响是十分显著的,绿洲区存在较强的"冷岛效应"和"湿岛效应"。     

乡镇图书馆可持续发展思路

乡镇图书馆走可持续发展道路,从而不断谋求自己持续、健康、全面的发展,是时代的需要,也是未来的发展的需要和必然选择。文章从乡镇图书馆可持续发展的重要性、存在的问题入手,提出乡镇图书馆实施可持续发展思路。     

黄壤颗粒表面离子吸附动力学中的离子特异性效应

基于考虑离子非经典极化作用的离子吸附动力学模型,以可变电荷黄壤颗粒为代表材料,研究了锂离子(Li+)、钠离子(Na+)和铯离子(Cs+)在黄壤颗粒表面的吸附动力学特征,进一步计算了离子在土壤/水界面的扩散距离与表面电化学参数。结果表明:(1)Li+、Na+和Cs+在黄壤颗粒表面吸附仅存在一级动力学过程并存在明显的离子特异性差异,这种差异随着电解质浓度降低而增大;(2)离子非经典极化与体积效应的共同作用决定了离子在固/液界面的扩散距离,在较高浓度电解质中,Na+和Li+的离子体积和极化效应基本平衡,导致Na+和Li+离子间差异不显著,但Cs+由于强烈的非经典极化作用,扩散距离表现为:Cs+Na+≈Li+;在低浓度电解质中,离子非经典极化作用占主导,扩散距离表现为:Cs+ Na+ Li+,表明离子扩散距离在低浓度下差异大,而高浓度下差异不显著;(3)离子扩散距离的差异导致固/液界面电位的不同,Stern电位、电荷密度和电场强度均受到离子扩散距离的影响,表面电位(绝对值)在各个浓度下均表现为:Li+ Na+ Cs+,说明表面电位仅受非经典极化作用的影响。本研究将对土壤/水界面反应理论的完善提供新思路。     

Effect of Soil Organic Matter on Adsorption and Insecticidal Activity of Toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis

With the large-scale cultivation of transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal toxin in the world, the problem of environmental safety caused by these Bt crops has received extensive attention. The effects of soil organic matter (SOM) on the adsorption and insecticidal activity of Bt toxin in variable- and constant-charge soils (red and brown soils, respectively) were studied. Organic carbon in the soils was removed using hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2). After H_2O_2 treatment, the SOM in the red and brown soils decreased by 71.26% and 82.82%, respectively. Mineral composition of the H_2O_2-treated soils showed no significant changes,but soil texture showed a slight change. After SOM removal, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) and pH decreased, while the specific surface area (SSA), point of zero charge (PZC), and zeta potential increased. The adsorption isotherm experiment showed that the Bt toxin adsorption on the natural and H_2O_2-treated soils fitted both the Langmuir model (R~2≥ 0.985 7) and the Freundlich model (R~2≥ 0.984 1), and the amount of toxin adsorbed on the H_2O_2-treated soils was higher than that on the natural soils. There was a high correlation between the maximum adsorption of Bt toxin and the PZC of soils (R~2= 0.935 7); thus, Bt toxin adsorption was not only influenced by SOM content, but also by soil texture, as well as the SSA, CEC, PZC, and zeta potential. The LC_(50) (lethal concentration required to kill 50% of the larvae) values for Bt toxin in the H_2O_2-treated soils were slightly lower than those in the natural soils, suggesting that the environmental risk from Bt toxin may increase if SOM decreases. As the measurement of insecticidal activity using insects is expensive and time consuming, a rapid and convenient in vitro method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays is recommended for evaluating Bt toxin degradation in soils in future studies.     

带分流叶片离心泵研究现状与发展

分析了低比转速离心泵水力性能方面存在的问题，阐述了低比转速离心泵水力设计主要方法，如加大流量设计法、无过载设计法、面积比设计法、偏置短叶片设计法，并就其相互关系进行了比较，着重分析介绍了国内外带分流叶片低比转速离心泵的研究成果和研究现状，最后对带分流叶片离心泵研究趋势做出了展望。     

簇毛麦1V染色体的传递及品质效应分析

簇毛麦是小麦的一个野生近缘种,小麦-簇毛麦1V异附加系和异代换系的蛋白质含量和沉降值均高,将簇毛麦1V染色体的优质基因导入普通小麦,进一步创造小麦-簇毛麦1V染色体易位系是小麦品质改良的有效途径.以小麦-簇毛麦1V异染色体系材料为基础,用普通小麦连续回交,结合原位杂交和PCR标记鉴定方法,分析1V染色体以及1V结构变异...     

甘蔗根尖染色体制片技术研究

甘蔗是异源多倍体植物,染色体数目多、体积小,染色体制片困难,导致细胞遗传学研究进展缓慢。以分裂旺盛的甘蔗根尖为材料,对不同采样时间、预处理方法、解离时间、染色方法等各技术环节进行实验研究。结果表明：在冬季气温较低的条件下,于15:00进行采样,饱和对二氯苯与0.002 mol/L 8-羟基喹啉等体积混合液室温预处理4~4.5 h,1 mol/L HCl与45%乙酸等体积混合液于60℃水浴锅解离8 min后,用改良苯酚卡宝品红进行涂片滴染,所获得的染色体制片效果最好。     

南美白对虾养殖系统中弧菌为主的致病菌群的分子比较

弧菌是最常见、最重要的细菌性病原菌,采用16 S rDNA克隆文库法对南美白对虾(Litopenaeus vannarnei)养殖系统中水体和底泥的弧菌为主的致病群落的组成进行分析研究。从水体和底泥16 S rDNA克隆文库中各随机挑选55个克隆子进行测序(约114 bp),对测序结果进行了BLAST比对。结果表明:水体样品有16个OTU,主要Vibrio(弧菌,33.3%)、Chloroflexi(绿屈挠菌,18.5%)和Pantoea(泛菌属菌,7.41%);底泥样品有14个OTU,主要是Vibrio(弧菌,50.0%)和Chloroflexi(绿屈挠菌,13.6%);2个文库比较来看,proteobacterium(变形细菌)仅在水体样品中,Aeromonas(气单胞菌)仅在底泥样品中。用MEGA 4从测序的克隆子中选出30个OTU进行系统发育分析。