簇毛麦1V染色体的传递及品质效应分析

簇毛麦是小麦的一个野生近缘种,小麦-簇毛麦1V异附加系和异代换系的蛋白质含量和沉降值均高,将簇毛麦1V染色体的优质基因导入普通小麦,进一步创造小麦-簇毛麦1V染色体易位系是小麦品质改良的有效途径.以小麦-簇毛麦1V异染色体系材料为基础,用普通小麦连续回交,结合原位杂交和PCR标记鉴定方法,分析1V染色体以及1V结构变异...     

The effect of colchicine on triticale anther-derived plants: Microspore pre-treatment and haploid-plant treatment using a hydroponic recovery system

In cereals, chromosome doubling of microspore-derived haploid plants is a critical step in producing doubled haploid plants. This investigation was undertaken to study the effect of incorporation of colchicine in the induction medium for anther culture, and the effect of colchicine on anther culture-derived plants of triticale grown under controlled greenhouse conditions. In the latter case, chromosome doubling of adult sterile plants derived from anther culture of fourteen triticale populations was attempted, where androgenetic plants with non-dehiscent anthers were cloned and subjected to the colchicine treatment, and then grown with the aid of hydroponics. The hydroponic system provided optimal conditions for recovery of the affected haploids from the toxic effects of colchicine treatment and all colchicine-treated plants survived. A topcross-F₁ (TC₁F₁) population with timopheevii cytoplasm produced the highest percentage of plants with seed-set either due to chromosome doubling by colchicine (98%) or spontaneous doubling of chromosome number (15%). Colchicine-treated anthers performed inferior than control in both induction and regeneration phases. One of the key observation of this study was the reversal from reproductive stage back to the vegetative stage which in turn enabled further cloning of haploid plants under hydroponic conditions once they were identified as sterile. The one hundred percent survival rate of in vitro-derived plants, 100% survival rate of colchicine treated haploid plants and the high chromosome doubling success rate (X = 82.3) observed in this study imply that a temperature-controlled greenhouse with an hydroponic system provides an efficient environment for inducing chromosome doubling of haploid plants in cereals. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Cytogenetical studies in wheat. XVIII. Gene Yr24 for resistance to stripe rust

A new gene, Yr24, for resistance to stripe rust was transferred from a durum accession to common wheat via an amphiploid (synthetic wheat) with Aegilops tauschii. Yr24 was located in chromosome 1B by monosomic analysis. Its genetic linkage of 4 cM with Yr15 indicated its localization to the short arm.     

四旋翼飞行器农田位置信息采集平台设计与实验

作为对传统农田信息采集方式的补充,提出了一种基于小型飞行器的采集方式.阐述了四旋翼飞行器的工作原理,并设计了农田信息采集平台,制作出的样机载重为3.5kg,滞空时间大于20 min.设计了惯性测量系统,在测试翻滚角误差小于0.5°时确定融合算法权重系数K为12,利用PID闭环控制,实现3 m高度悬停飞行的偏移误差不超过5 m.在平台上搭载Trimble 5700型GPS接收机进行了实时数据采样实验,结果表明人工采样与飞行采样数据误差约为1.4m,表明该平台具有采集农田位置信息的基本能力.     

基于YOLO v5-TL的褐菇采摘视觉识别-测量-定位技术

为实现褐菇高效、精准、快速的自动化采摘,针对工厂化褐菇的种植特点,提出一种基于YOLO v5迁移学习(YOLO v5-TL)结合褐菇三维边缘信息直径动态估测法的褐菇原位识别-测量-定位一体化方法。首先,基于YOLO v5-TL算法实现复杂菌丝背景下的褐菇快速识别;再针对锚框区域褐菇图像进行图像增强、去噪、自适应二值化、形态学处理、轮廓拟合进行褐菇边缘定位,并提取边缘点和褐菇中心点的像素坐标;最后基于褐菇三维边缘信息的直径动态估测法实现褐菇尺寸的精确测量和中心点定位。试验结果表明单帧图像平均处理时间为50ms,光照强度低、中、高情况下采摘对象识别平均成功率为91.67%,其中高光强时识别率达100%,菇盖的尺寸测量平均精度为97.28%。研究表明,本文提出的YOLO v5-TL结合褐菇三维边缘信息直径动态估测法可实现工厂化种植环境下褐菇识别、测量、定位一体化,满足机器人褐菇自动化采摘需求。     

T.Spelta 1Bs染色体育性基因Rf3和rfk1的分子标记

为了建立T.Spelta1Bs染色体育性基因Rf3和rfk1的分子标记辅助选育技术体系,提高选育效率,对T.Spelta1Bs染色体上育性基因Rf3和rfk1进行AFLP分子标记研究。结果表明,利用AFLP技术对小麦进行分子标记研究可获得50～100条清晰、稳定的带纹,多态性较高,重复性好。根据T型细胞质的育性,对TSP3314/绵阳26的F2群体采用集群分类的方法构建等基因池,利用AFLP技术筛选16个Pst /Taq 引物组合,然后对F2群体进行AFLP分析,获得2个引物组合P3-T2,P4-T3,其与T.Spelta1Bs染色体有关育性片段Rf3基因和rfk1基因连锁。然后结合TSP3314/绵阳26的F2群体在T型细胞质下的育性结果,和可育株与K3315A测交后代的育性分离所得的K型细胞质下的育性结果,运用Mapmaker软件进行分析,找到了与T.Spelta1Bs染色体育性基因Rf3和rfk1连锁的分子标记。     

鄱阳湖区赣北棉田地表径流氮磷流失特征研究

为明确鄱阳湖生态区赣北棉田地表径流氮磷流失特征,探究氮肥减施和部分有机肥替代化肥对氮磷流失的影响,采用田间径流池法,在自然降雨条件下,连续4年进行定位监测。结果表明,试验区域暴雨主要出现在5～7月,该时期为径流发生的高风险期;棉田总氮和总磷年度累积流失量分别为7.59～22.49 kg·hm^-2和0.43～1.61 kg·hm^-2,地表径流以颗粒态氮和可溶性磷为主,硝态氮是无机氮流失的主要成分。地表径流、养分流失时间、流失量与降雨量之间具有显著的相关性;在常规施肥处理下,径流量和氮、磷流失量呈极显著的幂函数相关。与常规施肥相比,减氮20%基础上配施部分（10%）有机肥的施肥措施有利于减少地表径流、降低径流系数、减少氮流失,且对磷的流失和棉花产量无显著影响。     

玉米F_2群体中偏分离RFLP标记在染色体上的分布及原因分析

研究了利用玉米85个 DNA 限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)标记在玉米自交系7922与5003杂交 F2群体中的分离。结果表明,8.33%的标记显著或极显著地偏离了预期的孟德尔比例而表现偏分离,发现了2个偏分离的染色体热点,即第1染色体上的 umc128-umc107和第3染色体上的 asg24-asg48,其偏分离形成的主要原因是存在配子体选择。     

西洋梨茎段离体培养与快速繁殖的探讨

以西洋梨两年生植株的嫩茎为外植体材料,ＭＳ为基本培养基,当附加０．４ｍｇ／ＬＩＢＡ和０．６ｍｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ时,试管苗生长良好;生根培养基附加１．２ｍｇ／ＬＩＢＡ的生根效果最理想;开瓶炼苗４ｄ,闲瓶炼苗６ｄ的处理,试管苗移栽成活率高达９４．３％。镜检染色体数目２ｎ＝３４,细胞学性状稳定。     

硫酸铝对蚕豆根尖细胞遗传毒性效应的研究

以蚕豆根尖为材料,采用蚕豆根尖细胞的微核试验方法和染色体畸变试验方法,研究硫酸铝对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传毒性效应.以不同浓度的硫酸铝为诱变剂,测定蚕豆根尖细胞的有丝分裂指数、微核率和染色体畸变率.结果表明:不同浓度的硫酸铝对蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂指数的影响有差异;能诱发较高频率的微核率,即在一定浓度范围内,其微核率随硫酸铝处理浓度的升高而增加;硫酸铝还能诱导染色体产生多种类型的畸变,染色体畸变率随着硫酸铝处理浓度的增加而升高,随着硫酸铝浓度的进一步增加染色体畸变率却呈现下降,但均明显高于对照组.