Cucumber fruit quality at harvest affected by soilless system,crop age and preharvest climatic conditions during two consecutive seasons

Cucumber fruits (Cucumis sativus L., cv. Trópico F1) grown on perlite substrate and NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) were harvested during two seasons (winter and spring) to monitor the effects of climatic conditions and hydroponic growth systems on fruit quality at harvest. The best fruit quality at harvest, as measured by lightness and hue angle parameters, was obtained during the 3 weeks following the first winter picking. When values of a parameter of preharvest climate value called G^* were lower than 0.4 MJ m⁻² °C day⁻¹ interval⁻¹, the cucumber achieved its optimum quality at harvest, as measured by the dark green color of the skin. NFT-grown fruits showed darker and greener skin color (higher hue angle and lower lightness) compared with perlite-grown fruit, irrespective of the season considered. During the winter season, the plant transpiration rate was 30% higher in perlite than in NFT culture, which correlates with higher differences in G^* and 40% additional yield in perlite. However, in spring G^* was not sensitive enough to discriminate between the two hydroponic systems. In general, fruit quality at harvest in spring was lower than during the winter, due to flesh whitening, higher longitudinal and equatorial calibers, and slightly higher pH, as well as worse epidermal color coordinates (ranging from the dark and dull green color typical of winter fruit to light and a vivid green-yellow color). During the spring season, NFT-grown fruit were less acid than perlite-grown fruit with no apparent correlation with the climatic conditions or fruit nutrition.     

三种季铵盐防腐剂对木材尺寸稳定性和材色的影响

针对市售季铵盐及其改性产品处理后木材的增重率、吸湿性、尺寸稳定性、材色变化进行试验研究,结果显示:试样的增重率随季铵盐防腐剂浓度的增加而明显增大;不同的季铵盐防腐剂对试件的吸湿性有不同影响;季铵盐防腐剂处理后试样的体积变化不大;季铵盐防腐处理会使材色加深,防腐剂浓度越高材色变化越显著。     

开心形改造对苹果色度的影响

摘要：通过对果实色度的研究可以准确了解果实颜色。通过对疏散分层形和开心形等4种苹果树形生产苹果的果实颜色研究发现,开心形生产富士苹果的主波长比疏散分层形更接近于红色,并且饱和度也大于疏散分层形。在色品坐标系（L*a*b*）中开心树形果实的a*比疏散分层形大,而b*又比疏散分层形小,不过开心树形对于提高果实的明度不利。在树冠中部的果实色度好于上部和下部,这种差异可能是由光照的不同引起的。研究还发现疏散分层形经开心形改造3年后,所产果实的色度优于改造1年的树形。分析表明40～80%的相对光照是对富士苹果色度较为适宜的光照范围。     

孔石莼(UIVa pertusa)中一种抗TMV活性蛋白的纯化及其特性

采用硫酸铵盐析和阳离子交换柱层析(CM-Sepharose Fast Flow),从孔石莼(Ulva pertusa Kjellm)藻体中分离纯化得到1个蛋白,命名为UPCM40.经SDS-PAGE确定其分子量约为36 kD,Native-PAGE可知其为单一组分;该蛋白不含糖;其全波长扫描结果显示,该蛋白在190～220 nm和250～300 nn处有特征吸收峰,在250～300 nm范围中的最大吸收峰在270～275 nm处.经测定发现该蛋白具较好的抗烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)的活性,当蛋白质浓度为50μg/mL时,对TMV的抑制效果为:在枯斑寄主心叶烟上的侵染抑制率达85.6%,在苋色藜上为90.2%.测定该蛋白对6种供试真菌的抑制效果发现,对镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum)、立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)和香蕉炭疽菌(Gloeosporium musarum)均有一定程度的抑菌作用,但抑制活性很低.