家蚕伴性赤蚁sch胚胎期致死特异蛋白差异的研究

利用双向电泳技术分析了家蚕生态致死突变伴性赤蚁sch和正常黑蚁夏芳在常温常湿、高温干燥催青条件下的蚕卵差异表达蛋白质,发现高温敏感伴性致死赤蚁的蚕卵在高温催青处理后,一个分子量50kD左右的蛋白点P34与正常相比有明显差异,高温干燥处理后该蛋白点浓度较弱,表达量较低;对照黑蚁夏芳的P34蛋白没有明显差异。对P34进行胰蛋白酶消化并测定了其肽质量指纹图谱,通过同源性比较分析发现P34蛋白是一种新的蛋白质。     

ENDOMETRIOSIS AND A PARAOVARIAN CYST IN A RHESUS MACAQUE

We describe endometriosis in an aged rhesus macaque. There was a large mass and a related paraovarian cyst, typical of the disease. Endometriosis is a common finding in nonhuman primate. In this report, we also review the pathophysiology of the disease and summarize the historical and more recent relevant literature. Given the frequency of endometriosis in the rhesus monkey and the long-life spans (15-30 years) of nonhuman primates in captivity, endometriosis should be suspected in animals displaying the earliest signs of the disease: anorexia, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, irregular menstrual cycles, or infertility. Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for endometriosis in women, the disease remains a significant cause of morbidity and ultimately, a cause of mortality, in the older nonhuman primate.     

嵌合巧克力的杨梅冻干休闲食品的开发研究

为促进杨梅冻干品的开发与利用,利用低温冷冻干燥技术将天然新鲜的杨梅进行冻干后与具有天然可可脂独特风味的巧克力嵌合成一体,获得色、形、味俱佳,外观新颖,保质期长的新型休闲营养食品——天然巧克力杨梅休闲冻干食品,为杨梅产业化的发展提供了新的思路。     

小麦蚕豆间作及氮肥调控对蚕豆赤斑病和锈病复合危害及产量损失的影响

【目的】研究不同施氮水平下蚕豆单作、小麦与蚕豆间作种植模式下蚕豆赤斑病和锈病复合危害及蚕豆产量损失的差异,量化赤斑病和锈病复合危害导致的产量损失,定量评估间作控病对产量优势的贡献。【方法】于2016年进行了田间试验,设置蚕豆单作和蚕豆小麦间作2种种植模式,防治病害和不防治病害2种处理,4个施氮水平(N 0、45、90、135 kg/hm^2,依次记为N0、N1、N2、N3)。调查蚕豆赤斑病和锈病复合危害程度的差异,测定蚕豆的百粒重和产量。【结果】施氮(N1、N2、N3)使单作蚕豆赤斑病和锈病病情进展曲线下面积(AUDPC)平均增加33.9%和39.6%,使间作蚕豆平均增加27.1%和69.3%,均以N3水平增加最高。所有施氮水平下,与单作相比,间作显著降低赤斑病AUDPC 49.1%~53.6%,降低锈病AUDPC 39.6%~56.8%。施氮(N1、N2、N3)加剧蚕豆赤斑病和锈病的危害,单作蚕豆百粒重损失28.1~32.4 g,间作损失16.3~16.8 g,单作籽粒产量损失1441~1770 kg/hm^2,间作籽粒产量损失815~1263 kg/hm^2,间作比单作平均减少百粒重46.8%和籽粒产量36.9%,减少效果表现为N3> N2> N1> N0。蚕豆病害复合危害与籽粒产量的回归分析表明,赤斑病和锈病的AUDPC每增加一个单位可导致1.7 kg/hm^2的蚕豆籽粒产量损失,赤斑病对蚕豆产量损失的影响大于锈病。【结论】施氮加重赤斑病和锈病的复合危害,加剧蚕豆产量损失。小麦与蚕豆间作能显著减轻赤斑病和锈病的复合危害程度,减少产量损失。合理施用氮肥能够充分发挥间作的控病增产效果,有利于间作的产量优势最大化。本试验条件下,兼顾间作的控制病害增产效果和间作产量优势其他效应,推荐蚕豆的适宜施氮量为45 kg/hm^2。     

巧克力糖包装机顶糖机构的设计

介绍了巧克力糖包装机顶糖机构的结构及工作原理,对其尺寸进行了设计计算,并对其主要零件凸轮进行了轮廓曲线的设计。     

家蚕胚胎期伴性温敏性与伴性赤蚁sch基因及亲本的关系研究

以伴性赤蚁家蚕品种XT和将XT的sch基因导入家蚕品种夏芳获得的伴性赤蚁品种夏sch为父本,以常规黑蚁品种为母本,分析了家蚕胚胎期伴性温敏性与伴性赤蚁sch基因及亲本其他遗传物质的关系。结果表明,夏sch伴性赤蚁的温敏性不比XT伴性赤蚁的温敏性弱,即伴性温敏性状随伴性赤蚁性状一起表现,认为伴性赤蚁sch基因不仅控制伴性赤蚁性状,而且还有控制胚胎伴性温敏性状作用;除sch基因外,伴性赤蚁温敏性强弱还与父本、母本的其他遗传物质有关。     

Genetic diversity and parentage in farmer selections of cacao from Southern Sulawesi,Indonesia revealed by microsatellite markers

Indonesia is the third largest cocoa-producing country in the world. Knowledge of genetic diversity and parentage of farmer selections is important for effective selection and rational deployment of superior cacao clones in farmers’ fields. We assessed genetic diversity and parentage of 53 farmer selections of cacao in Sulawesi, Indonesia, using 152 international clones as references. Cluster analysis, based on 15 microsatellite markers, showed that these Sulawesi farmer selections are mainly comprised of hybrids derived from Trinitario and two Upper Amazon Forastero groups. Bayesian assignment and likelihood-based parentage analysis further demonstrated that only a small number of germplasm groups, dominantly Trinitario and Parinari, contributed to these farmer selections, in spite of diverse parental clones having been used in the breeding program and seed gardens in Indonesia since the 1950s. The narrow parentage predicts a less durable host resistance to cacao diseases. Limited access of the farmers to diverse planting materials or the strong preference for large pods and large bean size by local farmers, may have affected the selection outcome. Diverse sources of resistance, harbored in different cacao germplasm groups, need to be effectively incorporated to broaden the on-farm diversity and ensure sustainable cacao production in Sulawesi.     

2018年-2019年重庆蚕豆赤斑病发生情况及预测模型的建立

蚕豆赤斑病是世界蚕豆各产区及我国东南沿海和长江流域地区生产中最主要的病害之一?本研究连续2年对重庆地区29个区县的蚕豆赤斑病发生情况开展了调查?调查结果显示, 城口县发病最轻, 两年平均病情指数为40.9, 长寿区发病最重, 两年平均病情指数为73.4?4个自然生态区中, 秦巴山地常绿阔-落叶林生态区的发病最轻, 两年平均病情指数为47.3?三峡库区平行岭谷农林复合生态区发病最重, 两年平均病情指数为68.4?相关性分析和通径分析结果表明, 1月相对湿度?1月平均风速?3月降水量?3月相对湿度在蚕豆赤斑病的发生过程中起主导作用?此外, 11月平均风速对病情的发展产生较强的负向效应?在以上研究基础上初步建立了基于重庆地区蚕豆赤斑病发生规律的病害预测模型:Y=35.019 46-3.016 18 X7-5.575 8 X9+0.567 9 X27+0.158 6 X29, 模型表明, 11月平均风速(X7)?1月平均风速(X9)?1月相对湿度(X27)?3月相对湿度(X29)与病情指数(Y)有较强的线性关系?本模型的建立为蚕豆赤斑病的防控提供了技术支撑?