The immune response to anesthesia: Part 1

ObjectiveTo review the immune response to anesthesia including mechanical ventilation, inhaled anesthetic gases, and injectable anesthetics and sedatives.Study designReview.Methods and databasesMultiple literature searches were performed using PubMed and Google Scholar from spring 2012 through fall 2013. Relevant anesthetic and immune terms were used to search databases without year published or species constraints. The online database for Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia and the Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care were searched by issue starting in 2000 for relevant articles.ConclusionRecent research data indicate that commonly used volatile anesthetic agents, such as isoflurane and sevoflurane, may have a protective effect on vital organs. With the lung as the target organ, protection using an appropriate anesthetic protocol may be possible during direct pulmonary insults, including mechanical ventilation, and during systemic disease processes, such as endotoxemia, generalized sepsis, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

Predation by scavenging amphipods to injured hatchery-raised juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus under laboratory conditions

ABSTRACT:   The attacking potential of the scavenging amphipod Scopelocheirus onagawae on artificially injured hatchery-raised Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus juveniles was investigated in relation to the degree of injury on the fish. All injured flounder juveniles were attacked by amphipods regardless of the degree of injury, while non-injured juveniles were not attacked. The attack by amphipods on the juveniles generally depended on the amount of glycine, a main feeding stimulant for the amphipod, released from the injury opening. The swimming ability of flounder juveniles was important to avoid the attack of amphipods. Furthermore, an area of injury allowing the amphipods to cling to the fish affects to the vulnerability of juveniles against the predation of amphipods. This study suggests that scavenging amphipods are potentially involved in the rapid reduction of the number of hatchery-raised juveniles.     

旱冻双重胁迫下的冬小麦幼苗长势遥感监测研究

为了探讨"旱冻交加"的气候条件下遥感监测小麦苗情的可行性,以河南省冬小麦为例,利用多时相MODIS为遥感数据源,引入了广泛用于小麦苗情监测的距平植被指数(AVI),同时基于植被健康状态指数(VHI)和晚霜冻害综合指数(I),构建了旱冻双重胁迫条件下的小麦苗情综合指数(CI),以反映冬小麦拔节期的生长状况,并分别利用实测样点苗情分类和距平植被指数对结果进行验证。结果表明,CI的总体分类精度为85.00%,Kappa系数为0.74;冬小麦总茎数与CI呈线性正相关关系,拟合方程为y=8.732CI+1.256,决定系数为0.605 3;与实测样本对比,CI预测精度为73.30%,苗情分类分级更符合小麦生长实际情况。因此认为旱冻双重胁迫下可以利用CI对冬小麦苗情进行监测。     

华南芒果种植区寒冻害危险性区划与评估

利用华南（广东、广西、福建）芒果种植区115个气象站1961−2016年观测资料,结合芒果寒冻害指标,采用加权综合评价法,确定种植区各气象站点的寒冻害危险性指数,建立寒冻害危险性指数与地理因子之间的多元线性回归模型,并基于GIS技术对华南芒果种植区寒冻害危险性进行区划。结果表明：华南芒果种植区寒冻害危险性与地理因子之间关系密切,总体呈现由沿海到内陆,寒冻害危险性逐渐变大的趋势,此外,随着纬度和海拔的增高,从南到北芒果寒冻害危险性程度也逐渐增大。轻度危险区主要分布在华南芒果种植区南部沿海地带及部分内陆地市的低海拔地区,占种植区面积比例为56.85%,该区域适合大规模种植芒果;中度寒冻害危险性区域主要分布在华南芒果种植区内陆中低海拔地区以及北部高纬度沿海地区,占种植区面积比例为37.03%;重度以上的寒冻害危险性区域主要分布在华南芒果种植区内陆高海拔地区,占种植区面积比例为6.12%。通过历史灾情和各县区年产量资料验证,区划结果与实际较为吻合,研究结果可为华南地区芒果的优化布局和防灾减灾提供参考。     

小麦冻害发生原因及防御对策

分析了小麦发生冻害的多种原因,并结合多年工作实践,提出了一些预防小麦冻害发生的对策,以促进小麦获得高产。     

烟草抑芽剂抑芽效果的比较研究

[目的]为进一步提高烤烟的产质量奠定良好的基础.[方法]以烟草CB-1品种为供试材料,以联农（x）等11种化学抑芽剂为供试药剂,通过田间试验对比了不同抑芽剂的抑芽率、抑芽效果及药害程度.[结果]芽封（25％氟节胺可分散油悬浮剂）的综合抑芽效果最好,食盐的抑芽综合效果最差.不同抑芽剂都未造成各试验小区的药害.抑芽敏（氟节胺）、除芽通（33％二甲戊灵乳油）、芽畏（仲丁灵37.3％乳油）、盾牌烟舒（仲灵＆#183;异噁松）、菜草通（33％二甲戊灵）等的抑芽综合效果均较好,抑芽率均高于83％,抑芽效果均高于89％.[结论]该研究可为筛选安全、高效、低成本的烟草抑芽剂提供试验依据.     

茶树冻害成因及预防补救措施

分析了茶树冻害产生的原因,提出冻害发生的预防措施及冻害发生后的补救措施.     

几个杨树品种低温与变温胁迫对比试验

以几种常见杨树品种为试材,在不同时期进行了低温胁迫试验,通过相对电导率测试及生长恢复情况调查,分析了不同时期低温对杨树发生冻害的影响,结果显示：在冬季树木深休眠期持续的低温对杨树具有一定的伤害,但伤害程度不大;初春树木萌动期低温对杨树伤害较大。根据此结论,进一步开展变温胁迫试验,结果显示：高温和低温的变温对不同杨树伤害较大,而且变化幅度越剧烈,造成伤害越严重。     

洛南县核桃春季低温霜冻危害及防治措施的研究

本文根据洛南县核桃生育期以及春季低温霜冻对核桃生长结果危害的实际,对洛南县核桃低温霜冻的危害及防治措施进行了研究。结果认为,采用林业措施、物理措施、化学措施等综合预防措施及灾后补救措施,取得了较好的效果。     

PC12细胞诱导的神经缺血细胞Smad7-siRNA及沉默效果的检测

目的探讨诱导PC12细胞分化的神经细胞靶向沉默Smad7基因特性,同时进行沉默效果检测．方法以Smad7基因为靶目标,设计合成3条siRNA序列,进行细胞转染,利用Rea1time—PCR和Westernblot技术检测沉默效果,筛选出最有效的干扰序列,同时检测出最佳的转染浓度和转染时间．结果针对Smad7基因设计合成及筛选出靶向沉默Smad7基因的干扰序列（siRNA1）;siRNA1的最佳转染浓度是4μg／mL;siRNA1的最佳转染时间是24h;siRNA1对Smad7的抑制效果优于其他干扰序列．结论siRNA1能有效沉默Smad7基因;lipofecta—mineTM2000可成功将siRNA1转染至神经细胞,转染效率较高;利用siRNA技术能有效抑制神经细胞．