Weed Research in the Central Laboratory of Plant Protection in Cuba

THEORY AND PRACTICE OF WEED CONTROL. R. J. Stephens. Science in Horticulture Series. Macmillan, London, 1982. ISBN 0 333 21294 0. Pp.215. Price (paperback) £8.95.

OIL PALM DISEASES AND DISORDERS. P. D. Turner. Oxford University Press, Selangor, Malaysia, 1981. ISBN 0 19 580468 6. Pp. 280.

MAJOR WEEDS OF RICE IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA. K. Moody. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, 1981. Pp. 79.

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ‐ A WORLD CATALOGUE OF AGENTS AND THEIR TARGET WEEDS. Edited by M. H. Julien. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, UK, 1982. ISBN 0 85198 494 0. Pp 108. Price £8.

COMPENDIUM OF SOYBEAN DISEASES. Second Edition. Edited by J. B. Sinclair. Amercian Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1982. Pp. 104. Price US $12.00.

FIELD WORKER EXPOSURE DURING PESTICIDE APPLICATION. Edited by W. F. Tordoir and E. A. H. van Heemstra. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1980. ISBN 0 444 41879 2. Pp. 208. Price US $45.00.

EDUCATION AND SAFE HANDLING IN PESTICIDE APPLICATION. Edited by E. A. H. van Heemstra and W. F. Tordoir. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1982. ISBN 0 444 42041 X. Pp. 302. Price US $69.75.

LES PRINCIPAUX ENNEMIS DES CULTURES MARAICHERES AU SENEGAL E. F. Collingwood, L. Bourdouxhe and M. Defrancq. Centre pour le Developpement de ('Horticulture, Dakar, 1982.     

An Experiment to Assess Losses Caused by Frit-fly (Oscinella frit L) Shoot Attack and the Application of Phorate in a Crop of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L)

Wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris adversely affects the productivity of cultivated chickpea. For the management of this disease, seed and soil application formulations developed from another fungus, Trichoderma species, were evaluated. In pot experiments, T. harzianum-based formulations Pusa 5SD for seed dressing and Pusa Biopellet (PBP) 10G and Pusa Biogranule (PBG) 5 for soil application, and T. viride-based formulations Pusa 5SD for seed dressing and PBP 4G and PBG 4 for soil application, were found to be highly effective against the disease. A combination of PBP 4G (T. viride) for soil application and Pusa 5SD (T. harzianum) for seed treatment together with a fungicide, carboxin, provided the highest seed germination, shoot and root lengths and grain yield with the lowest incidence of wilt in chickpea under field conditions. Individually, soil application of PBP 4G, and seed treatment with Pusa 5SD were effective in reducing the incidence of wilt and increasing the grain yield of chickpea, but their effectiveness was greater when applied as a combination. Thus, combined application of the formulations of two different species of Trichoderma in two modes of application is recommended for the management of chickpea wilt.     

Enhancement of Nodulation and Yield of Chickpea by Co-inoculation of Indigenous Mesorhizobium spp. and Plant Growth–Promoting Rhizobacteria in Eastern Uttar Pradesh

We study the effect of plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) along with Mesorhizobium sp. BHURC02 on nodulation, plant growth, yield, and nutrient content of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under field conditions. A similar study has been conducted for nodulation and plant growth of chickpea in pot experiment under glasshouse conditions. The treatment combination of Mesorhizobium sp. BHURC02 and Pseudomonas fluorescens BHUPSB06 statistically significantly increased nodule number plant^–1, dry weight of nodule plant^–1, and root and shoot dry weights plant^–1 over the control under a glasshouse experiment. The maximum significant increase in nodule number, dry matter, and nutrient content were recorded in co-inoculation of Mesorhizobium sp. BHURC02 and P. fluorescens BHUPSB06 followed by co-inoculation of Mesorhizobium sp., Azotobacter chroococcum, and Bacillus megatrium BHUPSB14 over uninoculated control in a 2-year field study. Hence, co-inoculation of Mesorhizobium sp. and P. fluorescens may be effective indigenous PGPR for chickpea production.     

北京山区刺槐林净初级生产力对气候变化的响应

利用BIOME—BGC模型估算北京山区刺槐林的净初级生产力(NPP),并分析了NPP对不同未来气候情景的响应。结果表明:模型模拟出的NPP总体上低于样地实测值,年际变动率为11.2%,并表现出波浪形年际变化规律;降水量与NPP呈现极显著正相关关系,是NPP年际变化的主要气候因子;CO2的浓度加倍、降水增加对NPP积累起到促进作用,温度增加不利于NPP的积累;降水增加对NPP积累的正向效应不敌温度增加对NPP积累的负向作用,CO2浓度加倍、降水增加对NPP积累的协同促进作用大于温度增加对NPP积累的抑制作用。     

厢式沉沙池进口优化试验及流场三维数值模拟

通过对沉沙池原设计方案模型试验发现,原设计方案沉沙池存在着三池厢流量分配不均,进口流速及水面波动较大等缺陷.通过模型试验发现,在整流前池中设置整流横梁等措施后,沉沙池中水流流态得到了较大改善,三池厢出口流量分配及流速分布趋于均匀.在此基础上,采用数学模型对沉沙池中流态进行了三维数值模拟,得到了沉沙池中完整的流场信息,结果表明,计算结果与试验观测资料吻合良好,弥补了试验观测资料不足的缺陷.     

Relationship between total sulphur and sulphur amino acids in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan [L.] Millsp.)

Total sulphur was determined in seed meal of 30 chickpea and 24 pigeonpea cultivars by the wet digestion procedure and by using the Leco sulphur analyser. Methionine and cystine were determined after performic acid oxidation in an amino acid analyser. The two methods used for total sulphur determinations were highly correlated (r=0.943). Percent meal protein was significantly correlated (r=0.476) with total sulphur in chickpea but not in the case of pigeonpea. Total sulphur content exhibited a significant positive correlation (r=0.651) with sulphur amino acids of pigeonpea when expressed as percent of protein but not in the case of chickpea. Correlation coefficients between total sulphur and sulphur amino acids when the results were expressed as percent of sample were positive for both chickpea (r=0.494) and pigeonpea (r=0.534). The amount of sulphur in methionine and cystine accounted for 54.8% of the total sulphur in chickpea and for 75.5% in pigeonpea. In both chickpea and pigeonpea, methionine was positively and significantly correlated with cystine when they were expressed either as percent of sample or as percent of protein.Submitted as J.A. no. 159 by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT).     

双峰驼妊娠早期外周血浆中孕酮和雌二醇含量的变化及妊娠诊断

本试验用放射免疫分析测定了妊娠早期母驼外周血浆中孕酮、17β—雌二醇的含量,并根据本试验的资料对应用血浆孕酮浓度进行早期妊娠诊断的方法作了分析.结果表明,母驼妊娠早期孕酮水平在配种后第4天开始升高,怀孕头一个月内的峰值为10.59±8.43ng/ml;配种当天17β—雌二醇的水平为12.11±4.44pg/ml,第2天降为8.39±8.92 pg/ml(n=8),但第4天又回升到配种当天的水平,这种现象在其它动物少见。根据配种后第16天的血浆孕酮水平进行妊娠诊断,检出妊娠的准确率达100%。判定标准为1.0ng/ml,即≤1.0ng/ml 者为未孕。>1.0ng/ml 者为怀孕。     

鸡腔上囊传出神经元的分布——用CB—HRP法研究

将CB—HRP注入鸡腔上囊壁内,支配腔上囊的神经元被标记。支配腔上囊的长轴突型交感节前神经元在胸7—腰荐3(简称T_7—LS_3)髓节的Terni氏柱内,主要位于LS_1—LS_2髓节。在LS_8—LS_(11)髓节中央管背侧和背外侧区有大量标记细胞,主要集中于LS_8髓节,这些标记细胞是支配腔上囊的副交感节前神经元,其轴突大部分行经同侧盆神经到达腔上囊,少数行经对侧的盆神经到达腔上囊。腔上囊的交感节后神经元位于T_6—L_(13)交感干神经节和肾上腺神经节,交感干的标记细胞集中位于LS_9—LS_(11)和LS_2—LS_3。副交感节后神经元位于盆神经和泄殖腔神经节内。在肠神经内有大量的标记细胞。     

Growth,nutrient uptake and yield parameters of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) enhance by Rhizobium and Azotobacter inoculations in saline soil

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive growing seasons (2013 and 2014) to evaluate the effects of inoculations with Rhizobium and Azotobacter on the growth and yield of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties under saline (5.8 dS m^?1) arid condition. The single treatment of either Rhizobium or Azotobacter exhibited to promote the growth of chickpea to some level, however, co-inoculation produced more effects and increased the shoot dry weight (30.3 and 26.4%), root dry weight (17.5 and 26.3%), nodule number (79.1 and 43.8 piece per plant), nitrogen content in roots (9.62 and 10.9%), in shoots (12.6 and 8.3%) and seed protein (7.1 and 4.3%) in both Flip06-102 and Uzbekistan-32 chickpea varieties compared to the control. Our studies showed that the highest yield response of 429 (27.9%) and 538 (23.9%) kg?ha^?1 over the control was revealed by the co-inoculation with Rhizobium and Azotobacter inoculants in Flip 06-102 and Uzbekistan-32, respectively. A new introduced Flip 06-102 chickpea variety was more salt tolerant and had higher root nodulation than the local Uzbekistan-32 chickpea variety. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents in the shoots and roots were significantly (p?Rhizobium plus Azotobacter could be applied to improve the vegetative growth and yield of chickpea and to alleviate the effects of salt stress.     

Drainage,sowing date and variety effects on chickpea grown on a Vertisol in Ethiopia

A field experiment was conducted for three years at Ginchi in Ethiopia to study the effects of three drainage methods [broad-bed-and-furrow (BBF), ridge-and-furrow (RF) and flat beds (FB)] arranged as main plots. Sub-plots comprised a factorial combination of four sowing dates (18 and 31 August, and 14 and 28 September) and three Desi-type chickpea varieties (Worku, Akaki and a landrace) in a split-plot design with three replications. Improved drainage methods (BBF and RF) increased chickpea seed yield by an average of 45% over the flat seedbed. There was a quadratic relationship between seed yield and sowing date with a peak yield in mid-September. Improved varieties (Worku and Akaki) yielded 15–19% more than the local check. Improved varieties were significantly more yielding than the landrace variety under the improved drainage system but not under the flat bed system. Also, improved varieties yielded significantly more than the landrace variety in the first three sowing dates when waterlogging was a problem but not in the last sowing date after which drought stress normally sets in. Sowing of improved chickpea varieties in mid-September using BBF could markedly increase productivity of chickpea on Vertisols in Ethiopia.