Chemical Composition and In Vitro Digestibility of Whole-Crop Pea and Pea–Cereal Mixture Silages Grown in South-western Quebec

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and in vitro dry matter (IVDMD) and neutral detergent fibre (IVNDFD) digestibilities of silages made from whole‐crop pea [Pisum sativum L. (PS)], pea–wheat [Triticum aestivum L. (PW)], pea–barley [Hordeum vulgare L. (PB)] and pea–oat [Avena sativa L. (PO)] mixtures harvested 8 weeks (H8) and 10 weeks (H10) after seeding. Forty‐five days after ensiling, all forages were well ensiled as indicated by low pH and low water‐soluble carbohydrate content and high lactic acid concentration. Regardless of forage type, crude protein (CP) and IVNDFD were higher while starch and acid detergent lignin were lower in H8 than H10. However, harvest date had no effect on neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fibre of the silages. Within each harvest date, CP was higher while NDF was lower for PS than pea–cereal silages. Differences in CP and fibre fractions between the pea–cereal mixture silages were not consistent for the two harvest dates. The IVDMD of PS was higher than that of the three pea–cereal mixture silages in H8 but was only higher than that of PB in H10. For the pea–cereal mixtures, IVDMD was higher for PO than PB and PW in H8 and was higher for PB than PW in H10. It was concluded that silage from pea monoculture had similar forage yields and a generally higher nutritive value than silages from pea–cereal mixtures.     

Climate Change and CO2 Effects on Productivity of Danish Agricultural Systems

SUMMARY

Scenarios of climate change for Denmark suggest increases in annual mean temperature of 1 to 4°C by the end of the 21st century with an associated increase in rainfall of approximately 10%. The climatic warming and the associated increase in atmospheric CO₂ concentration will increase the productivity of agricultural crops. The increase may be slightly higher for indeterminate species, such as grass and other fodder crops, compared with cereals and other determinate species, where the duration of growth depends on temperature and daylength. The full benefits of the climatic warming requires adaptation in crop management, which at the individual crop level means changes in sowing dates, i.e., later sowings for winter cereals and earlier sowings for spring cereals. Some crop substitution will probably occur. On dairy farms more cereals will be grown due to higher productivity of the grasslands, which frees up some land for grain production. On sandy loam and loam soils spring cereals may become slightly more favorable and winter cereals slightly less favorable.     

杂粮重金属污染及其风险评价方法

杂粮品种多样,营养丰富,具有较好的发展前景。然而,重金属污染影响杂粮的食用安全,进而影响杂粮产业的发展。列举了杂粮中常见的重金属污染问题及危害,梳理了国内外的研究现状,同时总结了重金属污染风险的评估方法,以期为相关科研人员提供更多的研究思路,为杂粮产业的发展提供参考依据。     

辽西绿色有机杂粮生产基地建设与产品开发效益评价

辽西朝阳地区十年九旱,干旱是制约农业发展的主要因素。由于旱田和坡耕地较多,得天独厚的光热资源适宜抗旱杂粮作物生长,具备优质杂粮生产的地理气候优势。同时当地农民有种植杂粮的悠久历史和丰富经验,是开发具有地方特色的绿色有机杂粮产品的天然宝地,适合大面积发展杂粮产业。2004~2007年在绿色有机杂粮基地建设和杂粮产品开发上,创新运筹模式,获得了明显的经济效益与社会效益,推进了辽西地区的杂粮产业化的进程,实现了产品升级和农业增收。     

Biological evaluation for protein quality of supplementary foodsbased on popped cereals and legumes suitable for feeding rural mothers andchildren in India

Eight different formulations of supplementary foods (FS) based on poppedcereals (wheat, ragi, bajra and sorghum) and legumes (soy and bengalgram)were prepared. Four of the FS were produced with cereals, soy flour (SF)and bengalgram (BG) dhal and the other four were prepared with combinationsof cereals and SF. These blends were evaluated for food efficiency ratio(FER), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein utilization (NPU)using growing albino rats. Skim milk powder (SMP, standard reference protein)was used in the control diet. In general the FER (0.28 to 0.34), PER (2.7to 2.9) and NPU (62 to 68) results of the FS were not significantly (p>0.05)different among the FS groups or compared with FER (0.36), PER (3.0) and NPU(73.5) of the control SMP. It is evident from the results that all eight FSwere nutritionally and biologically as good as SMP with regard to proximatecomposition, PER and NPU.     

山西小杂粮竞争优势与产业发展研究

(山西农业大学经贸学院,山西太谷 030801)     

粮谷油籽中残毒的检测

本法经实用试验,对玉米、糙米、黄大豆和花生等粮谷、油籽中氯苯胺残留量的检定,采用试样甲醇提取,经与正己烷液液分配,再以弗罗里硅土柱净化,毛细管柱气相色谱－－氮磷检测器测定,检出限０．０２μｇ／ｇ,添加剂率为８７．５％￣９２。９％,相对标准偏差为３．５％￣７．０％。方法简便,快速而准确。     

贵州小杂粮产业发展现状及对策

为科学合理地规划与发展贵州省小杂粮产业,对贵州小杂粮生产的自然条件、适宜分布区域及主要小杂粮产业发展现状、生产存在的主要问题进行分析,并提出发展对策。     

几种益生菌发酵谷物饮料制作工艺研究

益生菌发酵谷物饮料既保存了谷物原有的营养价值,又具有益生茵发酵制品的有益作用,风味良好、口感独特,对人体有显著的营养保健作用.用1.5%的量接种从发酵谷物中筛选获得的酿酒酵母、嗜酸乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌分别发酵糯米制作米酒、发酵玉米汁制作酸性饮料、多肽饮料,其发酵条件分别为:米酒发酵温度30℃,发酵时间72h,酸性饮料...     

CHGXY 250循环间歇式谷物烘干机的研制

介绍了CHGXY 250谷物烘干机的结构和性能特点。该机可移动作业,能很好地实现谷物干燥原理,具有循环和搅拌装置的干燥仓使谷物受热和干燥均匀,保证干燥谷物质量。采用了红外加热、辐射和对流换热等技术的热风炉可用煤、柴和其他物料作燃料,热效率高,单位能耗低。试验表明,该机工作性能稳定,产品质量高,经济效益好。